期末试题B(答案)(语言学导论)

1、系领导 审批并签名B卷广州大学2008-2009学年第一学期考试卷（答案）课程 语言学导论考试形式（闭卷，考试）I. Decide which one would be the best answer to each of the following questions （120=20%）I. C 2.B 3. A 4. D 5.C6.D7.C 8.D9.B 10.CII. D 12.B 13.D 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. AIII. Fill in the blanks （120=20%*1. interaction2. abstract

2、3. particular4. obstruction5. similar6. rules7. social8. meaning9. falsehood10. words11. sentence12. semantic13. reference14. experience15. structure16. comprehension17. referent18. cohere19. structural20. speechIII. Give definitions to the following terms (25=10%)1. morpheme a minimal unit of meani

3、ng or grammatical function2. categories the products of categorization3. phonology the study or description of the distinctive sound units of a language and their relationship4. syntax the study of sentence structure5. pragmatics a branch of linguistics that studies language in use IV. Translate the

4、 following terms into English (1 10=10%) x 1. 中缀: infix2. 辅音: consonant3. 言语行为: speech act4. 蕴涵: entailment5. 二重性 : duality6. 语境: context7. 范畴:category8. 连贯: coherence9. 施事: agent10. 音节: syllableV. One of the main features of human languages is arbitrariness. Can you briefly explain what this featur

5、e refers to? Support your argument with examples (10%)By arbitrariness , we mean there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig . Language is therefore largely arbitrary. But language is not absolute

6、ly arbitrary, because there are cases where there are or at least seem to be some sound-meaning association, if we think of echo words like bang, crash, roar , which are motivated in a certain sense. Secondly, some compounds are not entirely arbitrary either. Type and write are opaque or unmotivated

7、 words, while type-writer is less so, or more transparent or motivated than the words that make it. So we say arbitrariness is a matter of degree.VI. More than one process was involved in the creation of each of the indicated forms below. Can you identify them? (2 5=10%)<1. clipping from "te

8、lephone" to "phone", then compounding2. compounding of "foot" and "ball", then derivation with "-er"3. compounding of "blue" and "print", then conversion to a verb and inflection with -ed”4. blending of "sky" and "hijack

9、", then derivation with "-ing"5. conversion from prep to verb and inflection with -ed”VII. In the sentence The dog bit the man in the car ”, the phrase in the car" could be used either (1) or (2) in the following. How would the tree diagrams for (1) and (2) differ? (10%)(1) to sh

10、ow where the biting took place(2) to specify that it was the man in the car that was bittenVIII. According to cognitive linguistics, there is conceptual metaphor in language. Put the following English sentences into three different groups of conceptual metaphor (10%):1. I' ve nevewon an argument

11、 with him.2. This relationship is foundering .3. He shot down all of my arguments.4. That 'food for thought.5. Our marriage is on the rocks.6. He devoured the book.7. Wd ll just have togo our separate ways.8. Your claims are indefensible.9. If you use that strategy, he 'wipe you out.10. I just can swallow that claim.(Note