完形填空与解析(二)

1、完形填空与解析(二)一、解题技巧高考英语试题中的"完形填空"是一种测试考生英语知识综合运用能力的题型，学生普遍感到其难度较大 。下面谈一谈做好完形填空题的技巧和方法：（一）、快速跳读全文，抓住大意 首先快速跳读全文遍，抓住全文的主旨，了解作者的态度、意图、褒贬目的等，这是选择正确答案的先决条件。 完形填空所用短文没有标题，但一般首句是一个没有空白的完整的句子，往往点明短文的性质如议论、说明或叙述等。它能为我们预测短文的体裁与全文大意提供重要信息。我们应学会跳过空格通读短文遍， 抓住首句的信息，进而捕捉全文中的关键词语，并特别注意那些表示因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接词、

2、副词、同位语，最后归纳出全文大意，掌握全文主旨。 （二）、浏览答案，明确要求 在跳读全文、抓住大意之后，开始填空。此时应要求学生耐心观察，仔细揣摩，理解已知信息的意义，理顺词句之间的逻辑关系、上下文的联系，推理判断得出最佳选择。 （三）、避开疑点，先易后难 掌握全文大意以后，可以以此为主线，对所给A、B、C、D中的词语的确切含义进行分析比较，瞻前顾后，仔细观察上下文中的暗示和含义。然后运用逻辑思维去推理判断选定答案。填空过程应从易到难，遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前，那样会影响做题速度，不如暂时绕开难点，先去处理那些为上下文能确定的直接的、明确的答案。一般固定词组、习惯搭配、常见句型与明显的语

3、法结构等容易判断。 （四）、仔细斟酌，解决疑难 走完两步，通读全文遍，借助已补全的空白，对全文有较清楚的理解。接着集中解决少数疑难问题。先看看哪些词语的意义与本文意思不符，然后再综合运用词法、语法知识，仔细反复推敲，选出正确答案。 （五）、复读原文，验证答案 完成了填空，不可孤立地去检查各个填空，还要再通读一遍全文，再检查一次，看看选词是否得当，语法是否正确，文意是否贯通，逻辑推理是否合理。要求我们从思想上重视这最后的弥补疏漏、改正错误的机会， 以争取好成绩。二、例题分析Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard ove

4、r the radio that a 1 in Long Island had been 2 by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with 150, 000.One hundred and fifty thousand, Todd whistled. Here's a fellow who just 3 into a bank and helps himself 4 so much money. Todd thought of the 5 with which he managed to get the

5、 amount of money he 6 to start his gas station. So many papers to 7 , so much money to pay back. The news 8 twenty minutes later. The gunman had 9 a car for a ride, and then 10 out the driver. He was possibly 11 the Southern State Parkway in a white Ford. License plate（车牌）number LJR 1939 The 12 of t

6、he announcer continued;“ 13 out for white cars. Don't pick up 14 , and all you folks in gas stations better not do 15 to a white Ford car.”Todd stood up and 16 to see out into the cold night. It was dark but Todd 17 the Southern State Parkway was out there. Just 18 , Todd saw the headlights comi

7、ng at him and a car pulled in for 19 There it was, a white Ford. He saw the 20 , LJR1939 “What should I do?”Todd had to make a quick 21 “Yes, sir?”Todd 22 while making up his mind for sure. “ 23 her up, ”the man said sounding like any other 24 When the tank was full, Todd quickly turned round and po

8、inted a gun at the man. “Hands up 25 get out!”1Astore       Bbank              Cstation  Dhouse2Asearched for    Bheld up        &

9、#160;  Ctaken over Dbroken into3Awalks     Blooks             Cmarches          Ddrives4Afor       Bby   

10、             Cto Dof5Asatisfaction      Bdifficulty        Cdisappointment Dspirit6Asaved       Bmade     

11、;         Coffered    Dneeded7Acollect     Bprove             Csign   Dwrite8Acontinued       B

12、lasted            Cspread     Darrived9Abought        Bborrowed          Cstolen   Dstopped10Asent  

13、   Bfound             Cleft   Dpushed11Acalling from     Bfleeing from      Cheading for        Dlooking for12Anews

14、     Bwarning           Cadvice       Dvoice13ALook       BRun               CCall &#

15、160;   DSet14Aguests         Bstrangers         Cprisoners        Dpassengers15Aharm       Bfavor      &#

16、160;      Cservice      Dbusiness16Atried        Bdecided           Choped      Dhappened17Aconsidered    

17、;   Bknew              Crecognised     Dlearnt18Athen     Bthere             Cright    

18、60;   Dnow19Adirections       Brepairs           Cgas        Dparking20Amark       Bnumber      

19、;      Csign         Dname21Adecision     Bcall              Cmovement     Dremark22Awondered     Bs

20、topped           Cwaited         Dasked23ACover    BFill              CCheck      DTie24Avisito

21、r          Brobber            Cdriver         Drider25Aor       Band       

22、        Cbut        Dto解析1B 从第三个空后面的a bank可知。2D 从后文 killed the night guard and got away with 150, 000可知,是"闯入了银行"。3A 从上文可知, 持枪人闯入了银行, 并拿走了钱, 故排除B项。C项是"行军"的意思, 意思不符。从下文此人劫了一辆车, 说明持枪人没开车来, 故排除D项。4C help

23、oneself to sth. 是惯用法。注意这里不是"自用（食物）等"，而是"随便用"的意思。5B 此时Todd听到持枪人很容易就闯进银行, 拿走了 150, 000与自己为了开这个加油站而筹钱的不容易形成了鲜明的对比。6D 从下文So much money to pay back 可知, Todd开加油站的钱是借的, 故排除A、B、C项。因此, 是他需要这笔钱。7C papers在此指的是票据, 故选C项。A项是"搜集"的意思。C、D两项不符题意。8A 从twenty minutes later可知, 这新闻不是持续报导的, 中间

24、有间断，故排除B项。C、D项不符合原文。且第12个空后有continued一词也能暗示考生。9D 从下文"把司机推出来"可知, 持枪人劫了一辆轿车。10D push the driver意思是"把司机推出来"。11C head for 表示劫车以后, 他可能"朝the Southern State Parkway方向开去"。12D 从后面的of the announcer 可知, 该句指播音员的声音继续着。13A 从上文, 持枪人劫的是白色的Ford车, 因此, 要留心注意白色的轿车。14B 广播号召听众和他们在加油站工作的亲属们不要

25、接纳陌生人。故排除了A、C、D项。15C B、D项不符语法。A项不符原文。故D项的意思是"不要给白色的Ford轿车加油"。16A 从下文it was dark but可知, Todd尽力往外看, 但是天黑。17B A、C、D项不符逻辑, 因为Todd是本地人。他当然知道广播中所说的the Southern State Parkway在哪里。18A C项在此文中不符语法。D项不符逻辑。Todd看到一辆轿车行驶过来, 肯定行驶在the Southern State Parkway 这个地方, 故排除B项。因此Just then, 强调正当Todd往外看的时候, 一辆轿车开过来了

26、。19C 该句意思是"一辆轿车开进来加油"。因为Todd所在的地方是加油站, 故选C项。20B 由后面LJR1939提醒考生填number表示车牌号。21A 从上文"What shall I do?"可知, "Todd不得不尽快做出决定"。22D 从上文Yes, sir?"先生, 什么事"可知, Todd在询问。23B 从下文When the tank was full可知, fill her up的意思是"把这辆车加满油"。24C 该句意思为"那个人说起话来就像别的司机一样"

27、;。25B Todd很快转身把枪对准了 the man, 并且命令"举起手来, 下车"。克隆大论战 Before we assume that the market for human clones consists mainly of narcissists who think the world deserves more of them or neo-Nazis who dream of cloning Hitler or crackpots and mavericks and mischief-makers of all kinds, it is worth tak

28、ing a tour of the marketplace. We might just meet ourselves there.All it took was that first headline about the astonishing ewe, and fertility experts began to hear the questions every day. Our two-year-old daughter died in a car crash; we saved a lock of her hair in a baby book. Can you clone her?

29、Why does the law allow people more freedom to destroy fetuses than to create them? My husband had cancer and is sterile. Can you help us?The inquiries are pouring in because some scientists are ever more willing to say yes, perhaps we can. Recent cover stories in Wired and the New York Times Magazin

30、e tracked the efforts of the Raelians, a religious group committed to, among other things, welcoming the first extraterrestrials when they appear. They intend to clone the cells of a dead 10-month-old boy whose devastated parents hope, in effect, to bring him back to life as a newborn. The Raelians

31、say they have the lab and the scientists, and-most important, considering the amount of trial and error involved-they say they have 50 women lined up to act as surrogates to carry a cloned baby to term.At that moment, at least two things will happen-one private, one public. The meaning of what it is

32、 to be human-which until now has involved, at the very least, the mysterious melding of two different people's DNA-will shift forever, along with our understanding of the relationship between parents and children, means and ends, ends and beginnings. And as a result, the conversation that has oc

33、cupied scientists and ethicists for years, about how much man should mess with nature when it comes to reproduction, will drop onto every kitchen table, every pulpit, every politician's desk. Our fierce national debate over issues like abortion and euthanasia will seem tame and transparent compa

34、red with the questions that human cloning raises.The more scared people are of some of this research, scientists worry, the less likely they are to tolerate any of it. Yet variations on cloning technology are already used in biotechnology labs all across the country. It is these techniques that will

35、 allow, among other things, the creation of cloned herds of sheep and cows that produce medicines in their milk. Researchers also hope that one day, the ability to clone adult human cells will make it possible to "grow" new hearts and livers and nerve cells. 我们总是一相情愿地假定克隆人的市场主要由那些认为世界上应该多几

36、个自己的自大狂、梦想克隆希特勒的新纳粹或者是疯子、怪人、惹事鬼构成，但在下这个结论之前，我们很有必要先做一次克隆市场之旅。也许在那里，我们会发现自己的身影。这一切都源于各大媒体对于那只惊人的母羊所进行的大肆报道和渲染，于是生育专家们开始日复一日地面对这些问题了：我们两岁的女儿在车祸中死去了，我们在一本婴儿书里保留了她的一绺头发，你能克隆她吗？为什么法律允许人们有堕胎的自由却不让他们创造一个生命？我丈夫患了癌症而且没有生育能力，你能帮助我们吗？这些询问铺天盖地而来，因为一些科学家们在面对这些问题时，更愿意说"是"，或者"我们能够"。最近的连线杂志和纽约时代

37、杂志封面故事披露了一个宗教团体Raelians-他们的诸多主张之一是欢迎第一个到达地球的外星人的种种尝试，这个组织打算为一对伤心欲绝的夫妇克隆他们去世的10个月大的婴儿的细胞，并最终使其获得新生。Raelians宣称他们有实验室和科学家，并且-也是最重要的，考虑到试验的数量及可能发生的错误-他们称已经有50位妇女等着做"代理妈妈"，让克隆宝宝在她们的子宫内发育出生。到那时，至少会产生两方面的影响-一是在私人领域内，一是在公众领域内。人之所以为人的意义-至今为止它至少还要包括两个不同的人的DNA神秘合成的过程-将会永远改变，同时，我们对于父与子、手段和目的、结果与开端之间关系

38、的理解也将永远改变。结果会是：多年来科学家和伦理学家之间关于在繁殖这一点上人类应该在多大程度上改变自然规律的争论，将会活生生地出现在每一个餐桌，每一个讲道坛，每一个政治家的桌子上。与克隆人所带来的问题相比，我们国家关于堕胎和安乐死的最为激烈的论战都将变得平淡无味，容易解决。 科学家们担心，人们对于这种研究的某些内容越恐惧，他们就越不能容忍整个研究。但是，国内所有的生物工艺学实验室都已经使用克隆技术的种种变体了。正是这些技术使人们可以创造能产出药物奶的羊和牛。研究人员也希望，有一天克隆成年人细胞的能力可以用来让人们"长出"新的心脏、肝脏和神经细胞。 高中英语易混易错词汇总结（

39、一）年级：高 三 科目：英 语 编稿：李俊和 审稿：李俊和 责 编: 张晓俊1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students4. fa

40、mily, house, homehome 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabular

41、y词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road; in

42、 the street, show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现

43、象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说

44、，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on17. officer, officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer18. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重

45、指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, quest

46、ionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用25. man, a manman人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, tr

47、avel, voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip29. sport, gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，

48、谓语动词用复数。the number of的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的，当时的，当代的， of a day暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three o

49、f usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year

50、, the next yearnext year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(one's) advicetake advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and fai

51、led again.40. take air, take the airtake air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替，in the place of在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in sec

52、ret, in the secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会46. go to sea, by s

53、ea, by the seago to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is48. in office, in the officein office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, n

54、ot out of office.49. in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里

55、 He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第 He won the second prize.55. by d

56、ay, by the dayby day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why59. none, not

57、hing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人- How many/How much? - None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or

58、 apples?63. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.66. much morethan, many moret

59、hanmuch morethan后接形容词或不可数名词，many morethan后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 t

60、he majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.73. fast, quickl

61、yfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The

62、baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly79. just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man80. wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边

63、的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shouldersHow the word Radar Was Coined Under proper conditions，sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstructionSound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per secondIf the hill is eleven hundred feet away，it takes two seconds for the sound to

64、travel to the hill and backThus，by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection（the echo），you can estimate the distance to an obstructionDuring World War the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the targetThey used radio waves instead of sound waves，since radio waves can penetrate fog and cloudsThe outnumbered Ro