初中英语形容词和副词比较级专练

1、语法(Grammar精析Passive voice(present tense 一般现在时态的被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的关系。分为主动语态(active voice和被动语态(passive voice:英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,一般来说。强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或执行者含糊不清时,多用被动。须注意的是,英语中许多地方与汉语不同,注意那些汉语中没有“被”的意思,英语却要用被动语态:一、主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者,句子结构为:主语(执行者+谓语(及物动词或及物短语动词+宾语(承受者+Many people speak English in th

2、e world.二、被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者,句子结构为:主语(承受者+谓语(be+pp+by +执行者+(PP为及物动词的过去分词English is spoken by many people in the world.三、尤其要注意被动语态谓语结构中“be”有人称和数的变化。1. 一般现在时:主语(承受者+谓语(am/is/are+pp+by +执行者+(1The nurse takes care of the sick children.一般过去时:主语(承受者+谓语(was/were+pp+by +执行者+(2His parents gave some gifts to hi

3、m.HeSome gifts2.现在进行时:主语(承受者+谓语(am/is/are being+pp+by +执行者+(3Mr. Smith is digging a hole now.过去进行时:主语(承受者+谓语(was/were being+pp+by +执行者+(4They were watering the flowers at that time.3. 一般将来时:A.主语(承受者+谓语(will/shall be+pp+by +执行者+(5 We will clean the classroom later on.B. 主语(承受者+谓语(am/is/are going to b

4、e+pp+by +执行者+(6 They are going to build a bridge over the bridge.过去将来时:A.主语(承受者+谓语(would/should be+pp+by +执行者+(7 We should allow teenagers to go hiking the next weekend.B.主语(承受者+谓语(was/were going to be+pp+by +执行者+(8 They were going to build a bridge over the bridge.4.现在完成时:主语(承受者+谓语(have/has been+pp

5、+by +执行者+(9 I have already finished my homework.过去完成时:主语(承受者+谓语(had been+pp+by +执行者+(10 The workers had built the museum by the end of 2000.注意:将来进行时及现在完成进行时无被动语态:What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你将做什么?(将来进行时How long have you been studying English? 你学英语多久了?(现在完成进行时5.含有情态动词的被动语态:主语(承受者+谓语(情态动词+b

6、e+pp+by +执行者+(11 I can complete the task in 5 minutes.(12 You must answer the question in English.(13 We should allow teenagers to hang out on weekends.四、句子结构的其他变化1.双宾语的被动结构:某些单词可以跟双宾语如:give、pass、send、bring、write、show等,在变为被动语态时如果直接宾语(一般指物变为被动语态的主语;间接宾语(一般指人通常由介词to引起。而buy、make、cook的间接宾语通常由介词for引起。My

7、sister gave me a nice watch for my birthday.=My sister gave a nice watch to me for my birthday.A nice watch was given to me by my sister for my birthday.They have bought as many books for us.Many books have been bought for us by them. 很多书都是由他们给我们买的。(14 My mom cooked me a delicious dinner.=My mom coo

8、ked a delicious dinner for me.(15 He will show me the photos.=He will show the photos to me.2. 复合宾语(主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语的被动结构:某些动词(如使役动词make、let、have及感官动词hear、see、watch、feel等在主动语态中的宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式。但在变为被动语态时,其主语补足语必须恢复不定式符号to。He made us clean the classroom after school.We were made to clean the classroom by

9、 him after school. 我们被迫在放学后打扫教室。(16Mom often makes me do this and that at home.I saw him come into the room. He was seen to come into the room by me.(17We saw a monkey jump off the tree.3. 短语动词的被动结构:在主动语态中如果谓语动词时含有介词或副词的短语,变为被动语态时,不能丢掉该介词或副词。They must take good care of the children.The children must

10、 be taken good care of. 孩子们必须小心照看。(18All the children laughed at the old man.五、不用被动语态的情况:1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语,所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语,故不能用于被动语态,但值得注意的是,有些英语中的不及物动词,译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的,很容易出错,这类动词如:take place(发生,happen(发生,break out (爆发,open(店铺开门营业, close/shut(店铺关门,sell(销售情况,appear(出现,disappear(消失,last(持续等:A

11、 fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。(不能说was broken outSoon it disappeared. 它很快就消失了。(不能说was disappearedThis kind of books sells well.2. 某些静态动词(如have, belong to, own, hold, suit/fit, know, cost, remain, stay, last等不用于被动语态:The hall holds 1000 people. That dress suits you. My shoes dont fit me.3.

12、宾语为互相代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态。由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语,所以当它们用作动词宾语时,句子不能转换成被动语态:We should help each other. He could see himself in the mirror.4. feel, look, taste, sound, smell, become, get, turn等做系动词时,句子不能转换成被动语态。He looks worried. The leaves turn yellow in fall.六、关于不规则动词:动词的过去式用于过去时态,动词的过去分词形式用于完成时态(包括现在完成时,现在完成进行时以及过去完成时和被动语态,因此,记忆不规则动词很重要。注:关于过去分词A.用于完成时态:I have written the words twice.B.用于被动语态:We were beaten by class 3 in the m