大学四级英语试卷

1、大学四级英语套题阅读理解Directions:In this section there are some passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements with four choices marked A), B), C), and D).You are supposed to read the passage and make the best choice to complete each question or unfinished statement. Then type t

2、he answer in the blank on the web page.题数:10;分数:20分;参考时间：20分0秒题 57 - 61Passage 1For more than years we have known, or could have known, that there is an unconscious to counterbalance consciousness. Medical psychology has furnished all thenecessary empirical (经验主义的 )and experimental proofs of an unco

3、nscious psychicreality that demonstrably influences consciousness and behavior. All this is known,but no practical conclusions have been drawn from it. We still go on thinking and actingas if we were simplex and not duplex. Accordingly, we imagine ourselves to be innocuous, reasonable, and humane. W

4、e do not think of distrusting our motives, or of asking ourselves how the inner man feels about the things we do in the outsideworld, but actually it is frivolous无关紧要的 ,superficial, and unreasonable of us, as wellas psychically unhygienic 不洁7的,to overlook the reaction andviewpoint of the unconscious

5、.One can regard ones stomach or heart as unimportant or even worthy of contempt, but nevertheless overeating and overexertion have consequences that affect thewhole man. Yet we think that psychic mistakes and their consequences can be erased by mere words, for psychic means less than air to most peo

6、ple. All the same, nobody can deny that without the psyche there would be no world at all and still less a human world. Virtually everything depends on the human soul and its functions.It is worthy of all the attention we can give it, especially today when everyone admits that the weal or woe of the

7、 future will be decided of world-wide epidemics, butrather by the psychic changes in man.Only an almost imperceptible disturbance of equilibrium 平衡in a few of ourrulers heads could plunge the world into blood, fire, and radio-activity. Thetechnical means to this destruction are available to both sid

8、es. And certain conscious deliberations, uncontrolled by an inner opponent, can be all too easilyindulged, as we have already seen from the example of one leader. The consciousness of modern man still clings so much to outward objects that he believes themexclusively responsible, as if it were on th

9、em that decisions depended. That the psychic state of certain individuals could emancipate 释放itself for once from thebehavior of objects is something that is considered far too little, although irrationalitiesof this sort are observed every day and can happen to everyone.V 57. The author of this sel

10、ection most likely is a.A theologianB ministerC psychologistD physician参考答案】：C庠生得分】：2.0,他强调我们题目解析】：作者在这篇文章里指出长期以来人们对潜意识的作用熟悉不够应该重视潜意识在人们心理、行为中的作用,力求到达潜意识与心理意识之间的平衡.由此可以推理得知作者是位心理学者.V 58. The authors main purpose in writing this selection was to.A underscore the importance of the study of psychologyB

11、 point out the danger of ignoring the psychic changes in manC emphasize the danger of atomic war to mankindD belittle the importance of mans physical nature参考答案】：B庠生得分】：2.0题目解析】：读完全文后不难看出,作者在强调人们应该重视潜意识 心理作用的同时也提醒人们无视这种作用会带来的可能危险,这种危险的论述主要表达在第二段后两句话中,不可否认没有了心理,也就没有了世界,没有了人类社会.实际上任何事情都取决于人的精神及其功能.所以这

12、篇文章的主要目的就是告诫人们无视人类心理及其变化的危险.因而选择B为正确答案.x 59. Two words which the author uses interchangeably areA mind and bodyB heart and soulC soul and psycheD stomach and heart参考答案】：C庠生得分】：0.0题目解析】：文章第二段为答案出处.第三句话讲没有了psyche心理也就没有了世界第四句顺承说到实际上任何事情都取决于人的soul精神及其功能,所以全文交替使用的最为明显的一组词应该是 psyche和soul.V 60. The writer

13、believ es that the fate of the world may depend upon.A a balance between the conscious and the unconscious is the minds of our leadersB conscious deliberations at the conference tableC man present contentment with his own humanenessD the efforts of scientists to produce the technical means to destro

14、y the enemy参考答案】：A庠生得分】：2.0题目解析】：根据文章第三段第一句话,：少数领导心理的木易觉察的紊乱与不平就会把l脑振希世界推向流血、战火甚至核战争中.而且作者还借用the example of one特勒来证实他的论断,所以可以推知世界的和平可以说与领导者的心理平和息息相关.x 61. It is implied but not stated that.A men are too distrustful of their motivesB although motives can be either conscious or unconscious, only the c

15、onscious can-direct themC it is unhealthy to delve 钻研too deeply into ones motivesD the psyche is vital to the functioning of a human world参考答案】：D庠生得分】：0.0题目解析】：通过对全文的分析,可以看出作者没有明确提出但已点到的一个论点是人的心理对人类社会的正常运作至关重要.所以选择D应该为正确答案.题 62 - 66Passage 2Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position i

16、n the history of humanknowledge. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we observe of preindustrial society that still exist, a detailedlearning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis

17、of the food pyramid or all living things, even for other plants.They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples.Not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter and a great many other purpose. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon rec

18、ognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows.Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowl

19、edge, andfew people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certaingrasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the, nextseason, the first great step in a new associ

20、ation of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivatedcrops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlledproduction of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little therefrom many varieti

21、es that grow wild-and the accumulated knowledge of tents of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild begin to fade away.x 62. Which of the following assumptions about early humans is expressed in the passage?A They probably had extensive knowledge of plants,B They though

22、t there was no need to cultivate crops.C They did not enjoy the study of botany.D They placed great importance on the ownership of property.参考答案】：A庠生得分】：0.0题目解析】：根据文章第一段第二句话：我们无从知晓我们石器时代的祖先对于植物已掌握了多少知识,但依据我们对前工业化社会的观察,对于植物及其特性的详细的了解早已存在.由此可以判断的出选项A为正确答案.x 63. The comment This is logical in Paragraph

23、 1 means.A there is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestors knowledge of plantsB it is not surprising that early human had a detailed knowledge of plantsC it is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved very much like people in preindustrial societiesD human knowledge of plants i

24、s well organized and very detailed参考答案】：B庠生得分】：0.0题目解析】：作者开篇就提出了他的猜测：早期的人类对于植物的了解已经相当丰富而广泛了 ；接着就这种猜测他评论到：这是非常符合常理的；然后他用演绎法对他的评论进行论 证.显而易见选择B应该为此题的正确答案V 64. According to the passage, the first great step toward the practice of agriculture wasA the invention of agricultural implements and machineryB t

25、he development of a system of names for plantsDC the discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replantedthe changing diets of early humans庠生得分】：2.0题目解析】：根据文中第二段第三句话：当一万年前生活在中东地区的新石器时代的祖先们发现了有些草可以收割,播种下这些草的种子,来年可得到更多的收获时,人类就已迈出 了与植物建立新的纽带的第一步.选项C)就是这句话的向义转述.V 65. The relationship between botan

26、y and agriculture is similar to the relationship between zoology (the study of animals) and.A deer huntingB bird watchingC sheep raisingD horseback riding参考答案】：C庠生得分】：2.0题目解析】：根据作者在文中的论述：谷物的发现和种植引发了农业生产的繁荣,从此人类就可以通过种植二些植物从而掌握自己的生活,而无需盲目地在野外找寻食物.其实,人类与动物的关系也是如此：当人类开始驯化和饲养野生动物后,人类社会的生活就发生了质的变化.所以选项C)为

27、正确答案.x 66. According to the passage, which of the followin g statements is NOT true?A From the existing primitive societies we can learn that our ancient ancestors knewa lot about plants.B Plants are rather important to both ancient and present peoples.C Thousands of years passed before humans enter

28、ed agricultural age.D With the industrial development, humans have more direct contact with plants.参考答案】：D庠生得分】：0.0题目解析】：通读全文后可以发现,只有选择 D的论述与原文不符.依据文章第二段第句话：工业社会越开展,人类与植物的亲密接触就越少,人类对于植物的了解就越模糊快速阅读Directions:In this section you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly andanswer the questio

29、ns.题数：10;分数:10分;参考时间：15分0秒题 67 - 76Passage 1Genetically Modified Foods-Feed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environme

30、ntal, health, safety and ethicalquestions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions-and vocal green lobbies the idea seems against nature.In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown

31、 in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture.More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.Risks that the world is facingYet there are clearly some very real issues

32、that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by thefact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs. I

33、n developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the

34、UN estimates, it will probablynear 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the worlds available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable landhas declined steadily since 1960 and will decease by half over the next 50 years, according to the Inter

35、national Service for the Acquisition of Agri-BiotechApplications (ISAAA).The UN estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating. About 400 million women of childbearing age areiron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various bi

36、rth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause ofblindness. Tens of millions of people suffer from other major ailments and nutritionaldeficiencies caused by lack of food.How can biotech help?Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice th

37、at is fortified withbeta- carotene -胡萝 I素 which the body converts into vitamin A and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech canalso improve farming productivity m places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drough

38、t, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.Damage caused by pests is incredible. The European corn borer, for example, destroys 40 million tons of the worlds corn crop annually, about 7% of the total.Incorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance. In trials ofpest-r

39、esistant cotton in Africa, yields have increased significantly. So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops .might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded.Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago, Africa lost more than hal

40、f its cassava crop a key source of calories to the mosaic virus. Genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit theamount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains

41、 excess aluminum, which can damage roots and cause many staple-cropfailures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity in rice has been identified.Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crop

42、s after they are harvested.Far from being the whole answerYet for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largestrole. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger cannot a

43、fford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the foodthose farmers produce.Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in countries. Taken as a whole, the world produces enough food to feed everyone but much ofif farmersdevelopingtransportit is simply in the wro

44、ng place. Especially in countries with undeveloped infrastructures, geography restricts food availability as dramatically as genetics promises to improve it.Biotech has its own distribution problems. Private-sector biotech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge research o

45、n genetically modified crops. Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developingworld, and many of those products wont even reach the regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets firstin order to help them rapidly reco

46、up 重获the high costs of product development. But some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries,A London-based company, for example, has announced that it will share with developing countries technology needed to produce vitamin-enriched golden rice.More and more biotech research i

47、s being carried out in developing countries. But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies bothlocal and in developed countries and private biotech firms. The ISAAA, forexample, is succes

48、sfully partnering with the US Agency for International Development, local researches and private biotech companies to find and deliver biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries.Will Frankenfoods feed the world? Biotech is not a panacea万灵药,but it doespromise to transform agriculture in ma

49、ny developing countries. If that promiseis not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people, who could suffer for years to come.V 67. It is in the developed countries that biotech-produced foods are under moreheated discussion.YNNG参考答案】：N庠生得分】：1.0题目解析】：根据文章Risks that the world is facing局部可知,由于开展中

50、国家要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口,要论证生物技术生产的事物是否利大手弊的问题更加紧迫也更引起人们的关注.而在富裕的国家里,由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择,而且供应远远超过需求,所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些x 68. According to th e UN estimates arable land around the world has been declining since 1960 and will decrease by half in 50 years.YNNG参考答案】：N庠生得分】：0.0题目解析】：根据文章“Risks that the world is facin

51、g 局部可知,国际农业生物工程应用授术采购治理局ISAAA称：自1960年以来,耕地面积一直持续下降,并将在今后50年减少一半.此估计不是联合国提出的.x 69. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified withbeta-carotene and vitamin A.YNNG参考答案】：N庠生得分】：0.0题目解析】：根据文章“How can biotech help? 局部可知,生物技术专家已经培育出了含有3胡萝卜素的转基因水稻,而身体可将3胡萝卜素转化为维生素A,所以并不是说转基

52、因水稻种本身就含有维生素Ao故此项论述错误 x 70. The trials of pest -resistant crops around the world have increased the output greatly.YNNG参考答案】：NG庠生得分】：0.0题目解析】：文章“Howcan biotech help?局部只提到了在非洲进行的抗虫害棉花试验中,棉花的产量已大幅度提升,并未提及世界范围内的抗虫害作物试验有很大成效.V 71. Accordin g to the passage, biotech can add nutrition to the crops, produc

53、e virus-resistant crops and drought tolerant seeds, and even can solve the problem ofsoil that contains excess aluminum.YNNG参考答案】：Y庠生得分】：1.0题目解析】：根据文章How can biotech help?局部可知,此论述中的成效转基因技术都可以到达.所以此项论述是正确的.V 72. The only problem that prevents genetically modified crops from being available fordevelop

54、ing countries is poverty.YNNG参考答案】：N庠生得分】：1.0题目解析】：根据文章Far from being the whole ans wer 局部可知,除了贫穷问题,地理 条件的限制,运输不便,转基因产品的高昂费用也是转基因食品不能解决开展中国家温饱 问题的原因.所以此项论述不正确.V 73. To regain the high costs of product development, all the biotech, companies aretargeting rich markets instead of the developing world.Y

55、NNG参考答案】：N庠生得分】：1.0题目解析】：根据文章最后一局部可知由于强大的经济刺激促使生物技术公司把富裕国家 的市场作为第一目标,以便能够尽快回收产品开发的高额本钱.但并不是所有的公司都是这样,但也有些公司已开始对贫穷国家的需要做出反响.例如,一家总部在伦敦的公司已经宣布它愿意和开展中国家一起分享生产维生素增强型的金水稻所需的技术.74. Genetically modified foods have raised peoples concern in the fields of参考答案:environment , health , safety and ethics庠生得分】：0.8

56、 查看得清楚细题目解析】：根据文章第一段可知高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、平安和伦理等方面的各种问题.75. According to the Department of Agriculture, aboutof the corn in the US lastyear was the product of biotechnology参考答案】：33 %庠生得分】：0.8 查看得清楚细题目解析】：根据文章第二段可知美国去年所种植玉米的1/3(33%)是生物技术的产物.76. Because of the undernourishment about 400 million w

57、omen of childbearing agearound the world are suffering from参考答案】：iron deficiency庠生得分】：0.8 查看得清楚细题目解析】：根据文章“Risks that the world is facing局部可知,联合国估计,世界上有近8亿人口营养不良.它产生的效应是破坏性的.大约有4亿的育龄妇女体内缺铁,也就是 说,她们的婴儿将可能有各种天生的缺陷.选词填空Directions:There are some blanks in the following passage taken from textbooks and reading materials. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the listgiven below. Change the forms of the