形容词、副词比较级和最高级用法讲解

1、 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法1.原级的构成和用法l构成:形容词,副词的原级形式是形容词,副词的原形.2用法:表示双方在程度,性质,特征等某方面相等时,用“as 十原级形容词或副词十as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so (as十原级形容词或副词十as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数十as十原级形容词或副词十as”的结构.例如:This building looks not so (as high as that one.Ms.Sun speaks English as fluently as you.This room is three times as larg

2、e as that one.2.比较级和最高级的构成和用法1比较级和最高级的构成:单音节形容词以及少数以- er,- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,“est”.例如:great greater greatest narrow narrower narrowestfast faster fastest clever cleverer cleverest以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以- ble,- ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,“st”.例如:large larger largest able abler ablestsimple simpler simplest以一个

3、辅音结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“est”.例如:hot hotter hottest 以辅音加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词要将y改为i,再加“er”,“est”,例如:easy easier easiest early earlier earliesthappy happier happiest一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most.例如:beautiful more beautiful most beautifulcarefully more carefully most carefully少数单音

4、节形容词也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如:tired more tired most tired pleased more pleased most pleased下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法.cruel crueler cruelestmore cruel most crueloften oftener oftenestmore often most oftenstrict stricter strictestmore strict most strictfriendly friendlier friendliestmore friendly most fr

5、iendly下列形容词,副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则. good,well better bestbad, ill worse worstmant,much more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthestfurther furthestold elder/older eldest/oldest2比较级的用法双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级十than”的结构表示.例如:This pen is better than that one.表示一方不及另一方时,用“less十原级十than”的结构表示.例如:This room is less

6、 beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较前加表示程度的状语,如: even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰.例如:He works even harder than before.注意:英语的比较级前如无even,still,或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”,如:She is better than she was yesterday.她比昨天好些了.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

7、表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the 十比较级(主语十谓语,the 十比较级(主语十谓语”的结构.例如:The harder he works,the happier he feels.不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级十and十比较级”的结构.例如:The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以一or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than.(这些词有inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior等.例如:He is

8、superior to Mr Wang in mathematics.在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those,one(ones代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人,也可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词.例如:The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:A A is three(four,ete times t

9、he size(height,length,width,ete of B.例如;The new building is four times the size( the height of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍.B A is three(four,etc times as big(high,long,wide,etc. asB.例如:Asia is four times as lareg as Europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大 三倍.C A is three(four,etc. times bigger (

10、 higher,longer,wider,etc. than B.例如:Y our school is three times bigger than ours,你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍.(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大.用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数.表示两倍可以用twice或double3最高级的用法Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,notreally,nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如:This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/ nothing like the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat coat?表示“最高程度”的形容词,