直接引语and间接引语

1、直接引语、间接引语专项练习引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, "I m going to London with my father."约翰说： "我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）一、如何变人称：下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主 ”是指在直接引语变间接引

2、语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. " She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾 ”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" He asked Kate

3、 how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新 ”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said 。 "Jack is a good worker。 " Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1)She said. "I have lost a pen." She said s

4、he had lost a pen2)She said. "We hope so." She said they hoped so.3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。 " She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher

5、 told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around theearth 。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. "John, where wereyou going when I met you in the street?" Jack asked Johnwhere he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao

6、 Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。 " Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980 。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, "I get up at six every morning。 " He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to ， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时

7、，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. "You had better come have today。" Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由 “现在 ”改为 “原来 （”例：now 变为 then,yesterday 。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由 “此”改为 “彼 ”（例： this 改为 that), 如：He said, &quo

8、t;These books are mine." He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 如：She said, "Our bus willarrive in five minutes." She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether 或 if引导的宾语从句 .如： He said, "Can you swim, Jo

9、hn?"He asked John if he cou ld swim."You have finished the homework, haven t you?" my mother asked. My mother asked mewhether I had finished the homework."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词

10、引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" She asked me when they had theirdinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为 "tell(ask, order, beg等 ) sb (not) to do sth."句型。（ 5 ） 一般过去时变为过去完成时如：（ 6 ） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时"Don t make any noise," she said to the children. She

11、 told (ordered)ildrthenchnot to注意 make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. She asked him to bring her a cup（ 1 ） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：of tea.The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."

12、; The teacher told the boy to open the The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.window.（ 2 ） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完His father said to him , "Don t leave the door open."成时。如： His father told him not to leave the dooropen.He said to me, "I was born in 1973.&quo

13、t;拓展延伸 He told me that he was born in 1973.（1 ） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist 等动词 加以转述。(3) 如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过例如：He said, "Let s go to the theatre." He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或 He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) "Would you mi

14、nd opening the window?" he asked. He asked me to open the window."Why don t you take a walk after supper?" he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. "Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. He suggested listening to the music.（3 ）直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what或 how引导，也可以用th

15、at 引导。She said, "What a lovely day it is !" She said what a lovely day it was .或 She said that it was a lovely day.五、如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（ 1 ） 一般现在时变为一般过去时（ 2 ） 现在进行时变为过去进行时（ 3 ） 一般将来时变为过去将来时（ 4 ） 现在完成时变为过去完成时去时。如：He said, "I m a boy,

16、 not a girl." He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4) 如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(5) 如果直接引语中含有 since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变

17、。如：He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." He told m e that he had taught English since he came here.(6) 如果直接引语中含有情态动词must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might,should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your

18、pronunciation." The tea cher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said , "I could swim when I was only six ." He said that he could swim when he was only six.6. 代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。指示代词this -thatthese- those表示时间的词 now - thentoday- that daythis week(mont

19、h ,etc) -that week (month ,etc)yesterday-the day beforelast week(month) - the week(month) beforethree days(a year)ago-three days(a year)beforetomorrow-the next (following ) daynext week(month)-the next(following)week(month)表地点的词here -there动词bring - takecome -go直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（1）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.

20、“ I never eat meat.” he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2. “ I ve found my wallet. ” he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “ I took it home with me. ” she said.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “ The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said

21、that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “ I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “ You must come here before five. ” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “ I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _

22、.8. “ Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “ You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “ How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12.

23、“ Do you know where she lives? ” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “ Stop making so much noise, children. ” he said.He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “ Don t tell him the news. ” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news.15. “ Are you intested in this? ” he said.He _ _ I was int

24、erestd in _.直接引语 变间接引语1 He said:“ I ve left my book in my room.”2 She said:“ He will be busy.”3 She said to Tom,“ Can you help me?”4 She asked, “ Is this book yours or his?”5 The teacher asked,“ how did you repair it?”6 The teacher said to the students,“ Don t waste your time.”7 The mother said,“ To

25、m, get up early, please.”8 The teacher said,“ The earth goes round the sun.”9 My father said,“ Practice makes perfect.”10 The boy said to us,“ I usually get up at six every day.”11He said,“ We are still students.12 He said to me,“ I was born in 1978.13 The engineer said,“ I was at college in 1967.”1

26、4 He said,“ I have studied English since I was a boy.”15 She said,“ I read the bookewhilIwas waiting for a bus.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.16 Mr. Green said to them,“ Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”9 My father said practice makes perfect.17 He said,

27、“ We insisted that she start immediately.18She said,“ He demanded that the girl leave atonce. ”10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.19 I said to him,“ I have finished it.”11 He said they are still students.20 She said to us,“ I ll come here tomorrow.”12 He told me that he was born

28、in 1978.21 “ Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.13 The engineer said he was at college in 1967.22 “ I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said14happilyHe.said he had studied English since he was a boy.23 “ Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.24 “ Will you go t