过去完成时讲解及练习

1、过去完成时讲解及练习一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|->那时以前 那时构成：过去完成时由“助动词现在had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。如： They had already had breakfast before they arrivedat the hotel.She had finished writingthe compositionby 10 ：00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判

2、定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：We had learned over twothousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesda

3、y.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时， 且从句的动作先于主句的动作时， 从句要用过去完成时。在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the filmbefore.（ 2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过

4、去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.Afterhe had finished his homework,he went to bed.注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： Where did you study before you came here?Afterhe closed the door, he left the classroom.（ 3）表示意向的动词，如

5、 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示 "原本 ，未能 "如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去

6、的过去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在told 之前)3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及by ， be

7、fore ，until等引导的短语或从句连用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middleschool for about fiveyears.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the fac

8、tory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去， 但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响， 与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English w

9、ords tillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这

10、两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased w

11、ith her, too. She had jus t won the first in the composition competition.例题解析：1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had goneB. had studied, wentC. has studied, goesD. had studied, had gone解析： "他去北京之前在上大学学习了4 年 " 。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。2

12、. Mary said it was at least five years since he _ a good drink.A. enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. had enjoyedD. would enjoy解析： It was + 时间段 +since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been inB. had been inC. had been toD. had gone to解析： "小培说她去了海南三个月" 。have been to 和

13、have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选 B.巩固练习一.单项选择1 He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had beenB.where I had goneC.where had I beenD.where hadI gone2.What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has,doneC did, did.D. had, done3.I _ 900 English words by the timeI w

14、as ten 。A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt4.She _lived here for _ years.A. had,a fewB.has,severalC.had, a lotofD.has,a greatdeal of5.By the time my parents reached home yesterday,I _ the dinner already.A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD. was cooked6.She said she _ the principle alrea

15、dyA .has seenB. sawC. will seeD. had seen7.She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, from C. has hidden, withD.had hidden, with8.By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B.has completedthe universityC. had completed anunive

16、rsityD. had completed university9.She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. forB. inC. byD. at10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned,pianoB.had learned,the pianoC.has learned,the pianoD. learns ,piano.11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, doB. did,

17、didC. has, doneD. had done12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completedB. completedC. will completeD. hadcompleted14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ f

18、ootball.A. a theB. the theC. / theD. the /15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learnedB. has learnedC. learnedD. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was leftB. had leftC. has leftD. left17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. livedB. had livedC. have l

19、ivedD. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrivedB. was arrivingC. arrivedD. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleanedB. had cleanedC. was cleanedD. have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finishedB. will

20、finishC. finishesD. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put onB. had put onC. will put onD. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had workedB. has workedC. workedD. works23. Dad _ while he _ TV.A .fell asleep watchB. was falling asleepwatchedC. fell asleep wa

21、s watchingD. had fallen asleepwatched.1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3.They _ (study)the map of the country before they _ (leave).4.The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _(arrive).5. I _ (turn off)all the lights before

22、I _ (go)to bed.6.Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he_ (make)a phone call.7.Tom _ (say)he _ (read) the book twice.8.Our plan _ (fail) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9.When the chairman _ (finish)speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _(have) lunch when I _ (get)to theirhouse.11.When I _(arrive

23、) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13.I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14.We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet.17. He said he _alr

24、eady_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before.19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).3句型转换1 I had sold the ticket when she came. （改否定句）_2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）_.3.They began to climbed the mou

25、ntain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）_4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry.（改一般疑问）_5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）_6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off.（改一般疑问）_7.He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）_8.When he had r

26、ead the note, he ate it.（对划线部分提问）_9.Jack didn tgo to the cinema because he had seen the film.（对划线部分提问）_10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child.（对划线部分提问）_.11.She had written the book by the end of 1960.（对划线部分提问）_12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up.（用过去完成时连接两句）_13.

27、Jim s father mended the car. It was broken.（用过去完成时连接两句）_14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.(用过去完成时连接两句 )After we _, we _15.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house.用过去完成时连接两句 )Before he _, he_.1. 单项选择1 A2. D3. C4. A5. A6. D7. B8. D9. C10. B 11. D 12 . C13. D14. D15. A 16 . D 17. C18.C19. B20. B21. A22C23. C2.用动词的适当形式填空1. had painted， moved2. had made， died3. had studyed，left4. had run away，arrived5. turned of ，fwent6. Went ，made7. Said ， had read8. Failed，had made9. Finished，left10.were having，got11. Arrived，had left12. had learned13. Ifinished14. Had，do