不可不知的限定性定语从句的四个特点

1、不可不知的限定性定语从句的四个特点限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。限制性定 语从句为先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语,若去掉，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或 失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。例：She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago,她找到她那条丢失两周的项链。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别主要有以下四个特点。一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更 明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行

2、词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起 限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。例 3. This is the pla

3、ce where he used to live.这就是他过去居住的地方。仮!J 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。析:在前三个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用 逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性

4、定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊惜 况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which引导。例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。析：由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这 整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应山which引导定语从句。例 2. A five-year-old boy can

5、speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。析：由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门 外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句,此时应III which引导非限制性定语 从句。四、关系词的使用悄况有所不同(-)that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副 词可引导非限制性定语从句，但that不可。例1.他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。误：He

6、gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,that pleased her a lot.正：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.例2.他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。误：He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me.正：He didn't pass the exam, which disappoin ted me.值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有which才能引导非限

7、制性定语从句，这个 观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用who , whose引 导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用which引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时 间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用when , where引导非限制性定 语从句。例 1. We'll gradua te in July, when we will be free.我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自ill To例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.他们上周日到达南京，

8、有个会议要在那里举行。（二）关系代词替代悄况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom ,但whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。析:先行词the girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom .例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。析：先行词a new girl f

9、riend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用who代替whom .在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用that代替who/ whom，但在非限制 性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用that代替who/whom .例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。误：She has a sister, that is a teacher.IE：She has a sister, who is teacher.(三)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关 系词均不可省。例 1. This is the book (which/that)he lost yesterday.

10、这就是他昨天丢的那本书。析:先行词the book在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which或that 可以省略。例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday,has been found.他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。析:先行词the book在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which不可省跟踪练习：句型转换。将下列的句子使用关系代词或关系副词合并成定语从句。1. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every ten minutes.2.Our teacher is talking to an Englishwom

11、an. Do you know her?3.1 ve got a brother called Tom. He lives in the United States.He' s an engineer4. Can you tell me the name of the school? Your father once studiedin that school5. We met a couple on the highway. Their car had broken down二.高考链接()1. Happiness and success often come to those ar

12、e good atrecognizing their own strengthsA. whomB. whoC. wha tD. which()2 Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protectedA. whenB. whichC. whose()3 The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and aviewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses b

13、eingbuilt.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why()4. The book tells stories of the earthquke through the eyes ofthose lives were affectedA. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which()5 He wrote a let ter he explains what had happened inthe accidentA. whatB. whichD. how()6 There is no simple answer, is often the case inscien

14、ceA. asB. thatC. whenD. where()7 is often the case with children, Amy was better bythe time the doctor arrivedA. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As()8 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they liveA. whatB. whichD wherewere()9. The children, had played the whole day long,worn outA. all of wha

15、tB. all of whichC all of themD.all of whom()10. uYou can，t judge a book by its cover, ” A. as the saying goes oldB. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goesD. goes as old the saying()11. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ofare family membersA. themB. thatC. which()15 We are li

16、ving in an age we treasure very much,because it sees man5 s rapid developmentA. whichB. whenC. whereD. what()16 Scientists say human activity contributes to climate change,but they do not agree on the rate climate change may bedevelopingA. with whichB. with thatC. at whichD. at that()17 Today, we

17、9;ll discuss a number of cases beginners ofEnglish fail to use the language properly.A. whichB. asC. why()18 The old house, in front of there is a pine tree, is I used to liveA. which; the place whereB. that; the place whereC it; the place inD. which; the place which()19. Til always remember those d

18、ays I spent with himsailing on the seaA. on thatB. on whichC. whenD. which()20. The matter the head of the office should get downmatters much to us all.A. to whichB. with whichC. to whom()21 The English play many students acted at the NewYear's party was a great successA. for whichB. at whichC.

19、in whichD. on which()22 Mr. White was so angry at all Bill was doing he walked outA. that: whichB. that; thatC. what; thatD. which; that()23 Alice received an invitation from her boss, came asa surpriseA. itB. thatC. whichD. he()24. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we mayreturn in the near

20、futureA. on whichB. by whichC to whichD. from which()25 The newly-built cafe, the walls of are painted lightgreen, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard workA. thatB. itC whatD. which()26 Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, as the name says, eating doesn't

21、take much timeA. whichB. whoC. where()27 George Orwell, was Eric Arthur, wrote many politicalnovels and essaysA. the real nameB. what his real nameChis real nameD. whose real name()28 My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of themA. itB. whoC. thatD. which()29. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p. m., many people have got homeA. whose