介词加关系代词引导的定语从句.

1、介词 +关系代词引导的定语从句（一）“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose ,它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一介词选择的主要标准1. 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degreetowhichthey can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就

2、可控制的程度来说是不一样的。 ( to a degree ) The gentleman about whom you told me yesterdayproved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。( tell sb. about sb./ sth. )The English playin whichmy students acted at the New Years partywas a great success. 那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。 ( in the play )The schools themselves admit th

3、at not all children will be successfulin the jobsfor which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。( be trained for the job )2. 介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whomour teacher is shaking hands?我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia was stru

4、ckby floods, from whoseeffects the people are still suffering.上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。 (suffer from sth. )3. 介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配Ours is a beautiful country ,of whichwe are greatly proud .我们的国家是一个美丽的国家，我们为之感到很自豪。( be proud of )The woman to whomSpielberg is married is an actress.同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女

5、人是一位演员。( be married to )The West Lake ,for whichHangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.西湖很美，杭州以西湖而闻名。( be famous for )The woman to whomhe was engaged was a doctor.他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。(be engaged to )4. 有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配I was a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I

6、could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize whoshe was , she had ran back in the directionfrom whichshe had come.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我还没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。（如果仅注意先行词，很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用in thisdirection的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come ，则应该使用from 。）He was educated at the local high sch

7、ool,after whichhe went on toBeijingUniversity.他在当地一所高中上学， 之后他上了北京大学。（afterwhich的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”）。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm.by whichtime many have got home.在办公室我好像总是没时间，只有等到下午五点半，而那个时候大家都已经回家了。 （此句不能受 at 5:30 pm的通常表达的影响而选用介词at,而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。）5. 表示“所有格”或“整体与部

8、分关系”时，用介词ofThe journey aroundthe world took the old sailor ninemonths, of whichthe sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9 个月，其中航行的时间是 226 天。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ofwhich are sold abroad.这个工厂每年生产50 万双鞋，其中的（指50 万双鞋）80%销往海外。I was told that there were about 5

9、0 foreign students studying Chinesein the school, mostof whomwere from Germany. 我被告知这个学校有大约 50 个外国学生在学习中文，其中大多数来自德国。I have many friends,of whomsome are businessmen.我有很多朋友，其中有些是生意人。二介词不能提前的情况当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以提前放在which（指事物不能用 that ）或者 whom(指人不能用 who)之前，也可放于原来的位置，但在含有介词的动词固定短语中，由于动词和介词的关系比较紧密，一般不

10、能将介词与动词拆开而将介词提到关系代词之前。这类短语动词有 listen to/look at/depend on/take care of/look into/break into/get rid of/look forward to 等。This is the roomwhich/thatLu Xun used to live in.(=This is the roomin whichLu Xun used to live.)这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。The man介词加关系代词引导的定语从句（二）例句：1) Have you ever dreamed of playing in front

11、 of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?2) They may startas a group of high-schoolstudents,forwhompractisingtheir music in someone3) Later they may give paid in cash.s house is the first step to fame.performances in pubs or clubs,for whichthey

12、are4) The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.5) However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs likea real band.6) They produced a new re

13、cord in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句， 是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1. “介词 +关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代

14、词只能用which （指物）或 whom(指人 ) ，即：介词 +which/whom。（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（ 2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The littlegirlis readinga book,inwhich thereare many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2. 关系副词 when，where，why 可用“介词 which ”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，

15、at,on,during等） +which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等） +which；Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词which 来代替关系副词when。I still remember the day when I came here.( on the day=when)(2) 当先行词表示地点， 定语从句中缺少地点状语时， 通常用关系副词 where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词which 来代替关系副词where。This is th

16、e house where I lived last year.( in thehouse= where)(3) 当先行词为 reason ，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用 for which 来代替关系副词 why。 There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for thereasons =why注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 , 介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如 : lookfor, look after, take care of ， pay attention to, look fo

17、rward to This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.等。2. “介词 +关系代词”前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词 , 表示先行词的一部分或全部。He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.二介词的选

18、择根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Eg:Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?The school (which/that ) he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2. 根据从句中动词与形容词的搭配。The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：Eg:1949 wa

19、s the year in which the P.R.C was founded.4. 根据从句的意义来确定介词。My computer, without which I cant play computer games, broke downyesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。5. whose 可转换为“ of + 关系代词”型。They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They li

20、ved in a house, the door of which open to the south.三.填空练习1. This is the gun _ _ the hunter shot the antelope.2. The athletes_ _ he willcompete come from Greece and CzechRepublic.3. Hellnever forgetthe day _ _ he was admittedto the OlympicGames for the first time.4. The musicians _ _ we have great inte