初中英语语法2(朗朗家教)

1、 (文章来源：上海朗朗家教)主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词间在人称和数量上要保持一致，即：主语为单数时谓语也要用单数形式；主语为复数时谓语也要用复数形式。这种一致性常表现为三大一致性原则：语法层面的一致性、意义层面的一致性以及就近原则。一. 语法层面的一致性：1.单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）以及主语从句充当主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A horse is a useful animal. Water plays an important role in our daily life. Seeing is believing. To climb to th

2、e top of the mountain is not easy. What he said seems reasonable.2.主语是复数，其谓语也要用复数形式。 Horses are useful animals. The police have caught the robbers.3.由and或bothand连接的并列主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 Both Tom and Kitty do well in sll subjects. A boy and a girl are going to take part in the competition.Notice:如果and连接的

3、两个名词共用一个冠词时，表示同一个人、事物，谓语要用单数。A dancer and a singer are coming to our evening party. (一位舞者和一位歌手，共两人)A dancer and singer is coming to our evening party. ( 一位能歌善舞的人，指一人)由and连接的并列主语前有each, every,no修饰时，谓语要用单数。 Every boy and every girl wishes to come to the party.4.由many a ,more than one修饰的名词作主语时，谓语要用单数。

4、Many a student has realized the importance of learning a foreign language. More than one teacher is going to work in the countryside for 2 years.5.as well as, besides, but, except, like, no less than, with, along with, together with等跟在主语后，这些词组后的名词或代词并不看作主语，谓语仍跟这些词组前的主语保持一致。有些人将这一现象成为“就远原则”。 A PE tea

5、cher，as well as many students, is in the playground.Many students，as well as a PE teacher, are in the playground.6.“分数+名词/代词”、“百分数+名词/代词”及half, part, rest等引起的词组作主语时，谓语的单复数取决于该名词是否可数。 Three quarters of the earths surface is covered by water. Two thirds of the students in my class are boys. Half of th

6、e bulidings in the earthquake area were damaged. Eighty percent of the project has been done.7.clothes, shoes, trousers, scissors等作主语时，谓语用复数。 Her clothes are all brand names. The shoes are too expensive for me to afford.Notice:若这些词前加了单数的量词 a pair of, this pair of等修饰，其后谓语要用单数。 This pair of shoes fits

7、 you.8.“a number of+名词” 和“the number of+名词”作主语，谓语形式是不同的。 “a number of+名词”表示“一些”，后接复数谓语。 A number of workers have gone to work in big cities.“the number of+名词”表示“的数量”，关键词在“数量”，故其后接单数谓语。 The number of students in our school is increasing year after year.9.在here和there引起的倒装句中，谓语与其后的主语保持一致。 There goes th

8、e bell. Here come the children.10.neither, either, each及some, any, no, every等构成的不定代词作主语，谓语一般用单数形式。 Someone is waiting for you at the school gate. Nothing is new on todays paper. Neither of the answers is right.11.在定语从句中，关系代词that,those, who, which等作主语，其后谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数保持一致。 That who drives after dri

9、nking wine is to be punished. Those who like singing may lead an optimistic life. 二意义层面的一致：1.某些以s结尾的学科名词，如：physics, mathematics(maths)，economics，politics属于形复意单，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Economics is a difficult subject.2.以s结尾的专有名词，作主语时，谓语视以下情况区别对待： 国家、机构名，如：the United States, the United Nations等，作为单一政治实体，后接单数

10、谓语。 The United Nations is founded in 1945.书籍、报纸杂志名，如：the Arabian Nights等，也后接单数谓语。 The Arabian Nights contains lots of interesting stories.群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，后接谓语用复数。 The falls are full of salmon.3.复数名词及短语表示价格、时间、数字或度量，视为一个整体，谓语用单数形式。 Ten kilometres is a good distance. Five years is a long period of ti

11、me. 100 yuan is enough.4.有些集体名词，如：audience, class, committee, company, crew, crowd, family, group, government, team等作主语时，谓语由这些名词所表示的意思来决定单复数。 视为一个整体概念时，谓语用单数。 His family isnt very large.当作一个个成员来看待时，后接复数谓语。 His family are lovers of music.Notice: cattle, people, police, public, poultry等集合名词属于形单意复。它们作主

12、语时，其谓语总是复数的。 Are there any police around?5.“the+抽象形容词”表示一类人，其谓语用复数。 The old in Shanghai are taken good care of. The young are very active.三就近原则：1.连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also)等连接并列主语，谓语动词按就近原则，与贴近它的主语保持一致。 You or I am wrong. Either the father or his children are coming. Neither the students n