(完整版)工程经济学知识点复习提纲

1、rapid deve lopment of the market economy environment to explore public servants 'duty consumption monetization reform hasprovided a good foundation. Thesocialization of rear service workhas been launche d, and rapid progress in some places a nddepartments, duty consumption monetization of carrie

2、r and appr oach to management has been resolved. Thir d, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience an d canprovide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants ' duty consumption further. Implemen

3、ting an "honest canteen", standardize official entertaini ng management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; eliminationof County travel andcountrysi de subsidies; research "village officials" capitalization management of corporate spendi ng, and so on. Finally, g

4、roup .18 session tobe held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years agoblew the thirdplenarysessi onof the reform andopening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today,35 years later, in the eyes of thenation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 1

5、8session. XI General Secretary pointedout that China's reform has entereda crucial period and the Sham Shui Po Distriplenary sessict, must be based on greater politicalcourage and wisdom, lose no time indeepening reform in important fields.Dares tocrack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids,

6、which dares to break the barrierof ideas, anddare tobenefit cure barriers. Deepe ning reform and opening up is on schedule t o achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the "five in one" the General layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 se ssi on of th

7、e decision was a "five inone" and the improvementof overall scheme of reform, willThe second plethe area of institutional reform.The "five in one" programme is to achieve a comprehensive reform of institutional g uarantees forobjectives of build a well-off soci ety, thesmooth pro

8、gress of theconstruction of a well-off society and reform theobjectives of the programme.One, holding time and place importance onNovember 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Bei jing since 1978, 35, have been 7on, each time on major issues of political and economic life of the countryhas made imp

9、ortantdepl oyment. In accordance withPRC pol itical practice , often at everysession of theCPC CentralCommittee in a plenary session was hel d immediately after the party's Congress, on the theme "personnel", discussing electi on Central's top leaders, such as the ele ction of the

10、StandingCommittee of the political Bureau, through theCentral Committee members, decisions, such as membersof the Central Military Commission.nary session, isheld in two sessi ons before the general ele ction, mainly to discuss anew State personnel issues. But by the third课程基本知识点课程编号： 09017课程类别：专业课总

11、学时数： 48学分数： 3工程经济学知识点1、工程经济学最早在工程领域开展经济评价工作的是美国的惠灵顿（A. M. Wellington），他用资本化的成本分析方法来选择铁路的最佳长度或路线的曲率，他在铁路布局的经济理论（1887 年）一书中，对工程经济下了第一个简明的定义：“一门少花钱多办事的艺术”。20 世纪 20 年代，戈尔德曼在（O. B.Goldman ）财务工程学中指出：“这是一种奇怪而遗憾的现象， 在工程学书籍中，没用或很少考虑 分析成本以达到真正的经济性 ”。也是他提出了复利计算方法。20 世纪 30 年代，经济学家们注意到了科学技术对经济的重大影响，技术经济的研究也随之展开，

12、逐渐形成一门独立的学科。1930 年格兰特（ E. L. Grant）出版了工程经济原理，他以复利为基础讨论了投资决策的理论和方法。 这本书作为教材被广为引用， 他的贡献也得到了社会的承认， 被誉为“工程经济学之父 ”。2、技术与经济1 ）技术的含义 狭义的技术，指劳动者的劳动技能和技巧，是其知识和经验的具体体现。 广义的技术， 是指人类认识和改造客观世界的能力。它的具体内容包括劳动工具、劳动对象以及具有一定经验、知识和技能的劳动者，即生产力的三要素。但是技术并非三要素的简单相加，而是三者的相互渗透和有机结合成的整体。比如，必须由掌握先进经验、 知识和技能的劳动者，使用先进的劳动工具作用于相应

13、的劳动对象，才能成为先进的技术，并转化为先进的生产力。 因此，可以说技术是指一定时期， 一定范围的劳动工具、 劳动对象和劳动者经验、知识和技能有机结合的总称。2 ）经济的含义“经济 ”一词，在古汉语中具有“经邦济世 ”、 “经国济民 ”的含义，是指治理国家，拯救庶民的意思。plenarysession, each session of theCentral Committee of national institutions and personnel problemshave been arra nged, you can concentrate on national developme

14、nt and reforms.Previous plenarysessi on is oftenbrande d wit h a central leading collective,often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadership collective governanc e characteristics.From the analysis of theprocess of economic reform in China,plenary sessio

15、n, 12 sessi on, 14, 16plenary sessionhave pr ogrammatic meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of Chi na's economic reform, and that thestart-up phaseof reform, reform, constructi on phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy.Previous pl

16、enary session topics proposed to the third pl enary sessi on of "taking classstruggle as the key link," shifted to socialist moder nization;12 session marked the change from rural to urban, e stablishe d withpublic owner shisystem change, governance and rectify the economic order; 14 . Fai

17、r and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicial system, safeguard the people's interests.Legal authority to uphold the Constitution,dee pening the reformof administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right toexercise judicial power inde pendently and im partially according to law thepro

18、secution, perfecting the r unning mechanism of judicial power, improve the system of judicialprote ction of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let thepe ople authority to let thepower run in the Sun, i s shut up in acage of the system power policy. Decisi o

19、n S cience, implementation shouldbe constructed strong, supervise the r unningof powerful system, improve the system ofpunishing and preventingcorruption, promotingpolitical integrit y, and strive to achieve ca dres ' honest and Government integrity, clean politics.style normal system.Plenaryses

20、si on, bui lding a socialist culture in China, e nha ncing nationalcult ural soft power, must adhere to theorientationof advanced Socialistculture , adhere to the developmentof Socialist culture withChi nese characteristics, adhere to the people -centred work-oriented, further deepening reform of cu

21、lture.To improve the cultural management system, establish and improve the modern market system and building modern public cultural service system, improve the levelof culture opening. Plenary se ssion, achievi ng developme nt results moreequ itablebe nefit of all people, we must speed up reform of

22、social programs andsolve the issues of concern to the people the most direct a nd real i nterest, and better meet theneeds of thepeople.o deepe n education reform, improve institutional mechanisms for therapid deve lopment of the market economy environment to explore public servants 'duty consum

23、ption monetization reform hasprovided a good foundation. Thesocialization of rear service workhas been launche d, and rapid progress in some places a nddepartments, duty consumption monetization ofcarrier and a ppr oach to management has been resolved. Thir d, in recent years, exploring the monetiza

24、tion of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and canprovide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants ' duty consumption further. Implementing an "honest canteen", standardize official entertaini ng management; enhancing the

25、telecommunication expense management; eliminationof County travel andcountrysi de subsidies; research "village officials" capitalization management of corporate spendi ng, and so on. Finally, group .18 session tobe held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years agoblew the thirdpl

26、enarysession of the reform andopening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today,35 years later, in the eyes of thenation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18session. XI General Secretary pointedout that China's reform has entereda crucial period and

27、 the Sham Shui Po Distriplenary sessict, must be based on greater politicalcourage and wisdom, lose no time indeepening reform in important fields.Dares tocrack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrierof ideas, anddare tobenefit cure barriers. Deepe ning reform and

28、opening up is on schedule t o achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the "five in one" the General layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 se ssi on of the decision was a "five inone" and the improvementof overall scheme of reform, willThe s

29、econd plepromote athe area of institutional reform.The "five in one" programme is to achieve a comprehensive reform of institutional g uarantees forobjectives of build a well-off soci ety, thesmooth progress of theconstruction of a well-off society and reform theobjectives of the programme

30、.One, holding time and place importance onNovember 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35, have been 7on, each time on major issues of political andeconomic life of the countryhas made importantdepl oyment. In accordance withPRC pol itical practice, often at everysession of the

31、CPC CentralCommittee in a plenary sessi on was hel d immediately after the party's Congress, on the theme "personnel", discussing electi on Central's top leaders, such as the ele ction of the StandingCommittee of the political Bureau, through theCentral Committee members, decisions

32、, such as membersof the Central Military Commission.nary session, isheld in two sessi ons before the general ele ction, mainly to discuss anew State personnel issues. But by the third我国现沿用的经济一词是在19 世纪后半期，由日本学者从Economy 一词翻译为汉字“经济 ”的，其含义与上述不同。现在通用的“经济 ”一词，是个多义词。 日常生活： 一是指对生活有利的事或物。如 “经济作物 ”等；二是指个人的生活用

33、度。如某人的 “经济条件 ”好坏等。 经济理论界a 指生产关系的总和；这是上层建筑赖以存在的基础，如经济制度、经济基础等词组中的“经济 ”的含义。b 指社会再生产过程各个环节的经济活动，如生产、分配、交换、消费等的社会经济活动。c 指一个社会或国家的国民经济的总称及其组成部分如工业经济、农业经济、商业经济、运输经济等。d 指节省或节约，如经济效益、经济合理性等，就包含和强调对人力、物力、资金、自然资源、时间的合理利用和节约使用的意思。工程经济学中 “经济 ”的含义，主要是指 “节省 ”或 “节约 ”的意思，也指国民经济总体，或工业经济、农业经济等部门经济的意思。所以，也可以说： “工程经济学是

34、研究技术的节约问题的”， “是研究技术方案的经济效益的 ”。3 ）技术与经济的关系技术和经济是人类社会进行再生产活动不可缺少的两个方面。它们之间的关系是相互联系、相互依存、相互促进和相互制约的关系。技术与经济之间的关系，既有统一的方面，也有矛盾的方面。（ 1 ）统一的方面，在技术和经济的关系中，经济是主导，处于支配地位。 技术进步是为经济发展服务的。 技术的发展会带来经济效益的提高，技术不断发展的过程也就是其经济效益不断提高的过程。（ 2 ）矛盾的方面，在一定的条件下，技术和经济又是相互矛盾、相互对立的。比如， 有的技术本来是先进的，但是在某些地区、某种条件下采用时经济效益并不好；由于社会经济

35、条件的制约，条件不同，有些先进技术也不易采用等等。总之， 技术和经济的关系是辩证的， 是处于不断地发展变化中的， 任何技术的应用， 都应以提高经济效益为前提，要因地、因时处理好技术和经济之间的关系。3、机会成本与沉没成本工程经济分析中强调的是机会成本，而避免与之对立的沉没成本。机会成本： 由于资源的有限性， 考虑了某种用途， 就失去了其他被使用而创造价值的机会。 在所有这些其他可能被利用的机会中，把能获取最大价值作为项目方案使用这种资源的成本，称为机会成本。沉没成本：过去已发生的、与以后的方案选择无关的成本费用。4、货币的时间价值与等值不同时间发生的等额资金在价值上的差别称为资金的时间价值。对

36、于资金的时间价值可以从两方面理解：从投资者角度看，是资金在生产与交换活动中给投资者带来的利润；从消费者角度看，是消费者放弃即期消费所获得的利息。等值：由于利息的存在而使不同时点上的不同金额的货币具有相同的经济价值，称为资金等值5、单利与复利单利：本金生息，利息不生息。复利：本金生息，利息也生息。即“利滚利 ”。6、离散式复利与连续式复利间断复利：计息周期为一定的时间区间（年、月等）的复利计息。连续复利：计息周期无限缩短（即t0 ）的复利计息。7、现金流量现金流量就是指一项特定的经济系统在一定时期内（年、 半年、 季等）现金流入或现金流出或流入与流出数量的代数和。流入系统的称现金流入（CI ）；

37、流出系统的称现金流出（CO）。同一时点上现金流入与流出之差称净现金流量（CI CO）。8、现金流量图表示某一特定经济系统现金流入、流出与其发生时点对应关系的数轴图形，称为现金流量图。plenarysession, each session of theCentral Committee of national institutions and personnel problemshave been arra nged, you can concentrate on nationaldevelopme nt and reforms.Previous plenarysessi on is ofte

38、nbrande d with a central leading collective,often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadership collective governance characteristics.From the analysis of theprocess of economic reform in China,plenary session, 12 sessi on, 14, 16plenary sessionhave pr ogra

39、mmatic meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of Chi na's economic reform, and that thestart-up phaseof reform, reform, constructi on phase and perfecting the S ocialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy.Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third pl en

40、ary sessi on of "taking classstruggle as the key link," shifted to socialist moder nization;12 session marked the change from rural to urban, e stablishe d withpublic owner shisystem change, governance and rectify the economic order; 14 . Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judi

41、cial system, safeguard the people' s interests.Legal authority to uphold the Constitution,dee pening the reformof administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power inde pendently and impartially according to law theprosecution, perfecting the r unning mechanism of

42、judicial power, improve the system of judicialprote ction of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let thepe ople authority to let thepower run in the S un, i s shut up in acage of the system power policy. Decisi on S cience, implementation shouldbe constructe

43、 d strong, supervise the r unningof powerful system, improve the system ofpunishing and preventingcorruption, promotingpolitical integrit y, and strive to achieve ca dres ' honest and Government integrity, clean politics.o form a scientific and effective coordination of power restristyle normal

44、system.Plenarysessi on, bui lding a socialist culture in China, e nha ncing nationalcult ural soft power, must adhere to theorientationof advanced Socialistculture , adhere to the developmentof Socialist culture withChi nesecharacteristics, adhere to the people -centred work-oriented, further deepen

45、ing reform of culture.To improve the cultural management system, establish and improve the modern market system and building modern public cultural service system, improve the levelof culture opening. Plenary se ssion, achievi ng developme nt results moreequitablebe nefit of all people, we must spee

46、d up reform of social programs andsolve the issues of concern to the people the most direct and real i nterest, and better meet theneeds of thepeople.o deepe n education reform, improve institutional mechanisms for therapid deve lopment of the market economy environment to explore public servants &#

47、39;duty consumption monetization reform hasprovided a good foundation. Thesocialization of rear service workhas been launche d, and rapid progress in some places a nddepartments, duty consumption monetization of carrier and appr oach to management has been resolved. Thir d, in recent years, explorin

48、g the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and canprovide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants ' duty consumption further. Implementing an "honest canteen", standardize official entertaini ng management;

49、enhancing the telecommunication expense management; eliminationof County travel andcountrysi de subsidies; research "village officials" capitalization management of corporate spendi ng, and so on. Finally, group .18 session tobe held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years agobl

50、ew the thirdplenarysessionof the reform andopening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today,35 years later, in the eyes of thenation and the world expect, again to reformmark China, ushered in the 18session. XIGeneral Secretary pointedout that China's reform has entereda crucial

51、 period and the Sham Shui Po District, mustbe based on greater politicalcourage and wisdom, lose no time indeepening reform in important fields.Dares tocrack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrierof ideas, anddare tobenefit curebarriers. Deepe ning reform and open

52、ing up is on schedule t o achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the "five in one" the General layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 se ssi on of the decision was a "five inone" and the improvementthe area of institutional reform.The "five in one" programme is to achieve a comprehensive reform of institutional g uarantees forobjectives of build a well-off soci ety, thesmooth progress of theconstruction of a well-off society and reform