4 Unit 3 Grammar 动名词作表语定语宾语补足语

1、Book-4-Unit-3-Grammar-动名词作表语、定语、宾语补足语Book 4 Unit 3 Grammar动词-ing作表语、定语、宾语补足语一、动词-ing作表语动词-ing作表语，一般表示比较抽象的、习惯性的、经常性的动作，或表示 主语的性质、特征和状态。Her hobby is pai nting.她的业余爱好是画画。My job is looki ng after the childre n.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。The film is quite movi ng. 这电影很感人。常用来作表语的动词-ing 有：astonishing, amusing, confusin

2、g, disappointing, bori ng, en couragi ng, inspiring, moving, tiri ng, in teresti ng, surprising 等。二、动词-ing作定语1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的 作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：drinking water 饮用水 a walking stick 手杖 a reading room 阅览室 writing desk 写字台2. -ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定 语从句。如：They live

3、d in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。's fatf=eThe man who is standing t here is，The man sta nding there is P eterPeter ' s father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时， 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：His brother, worki ng as a teacher, liv

4、es in Beiji ng.=His brother, who is worki ng as a teacher, lives in Beiji ng.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。The apple tree, sway ing gen tly in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.=The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop o" fruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。三、动词-ing作宾语补足语1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足

5、语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的 动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：Whe n we retu rned to the school, we found a stra nger sta nding at the entran ce. 当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。We fou nd the sn ake eati ng the eggs.我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。I found a bag lying on the ground.我发现地板上放着一个包。The boss kept the workers work ing the whole ni ght.那老板让工人整夜

6、地工作。2. 当主动句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主 语补足语。The result is found very satisfy ing.They found the result very satisfy ing.这个结果很令人满意。He was heard singing in the nextThey heard him singing in the n ext room.room.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。We mustn' t keep them waiting. = They mustn ' t be fept waiting.千万不

7、能让他们等。3. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：1）表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, noticeobserve, look at, listen to 等。如：We saw a light burning in the wi ndow.I felt somebody p att ing me on the shoulder.Can you smell anything burning?As he sp oke, he observed everybody look ing at him curiously.Liste n

8、to the birds singing.I didn ' t notice him waiting.2）表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, kee p, get, catch, leave等。如：I won ' t have you doing that.This set me thinking.I ' m sorry to have kept you wOting.I can ' t get the clock going again.You won' t catch me doing that again.4. see, hear,

9、feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区 别：1） 前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。如：We P assed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the exp erime nt.我们走过教室，看见老师正在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在 做实验）We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the exp erime nt.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）2） 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不

10、定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式 则表示反复动作。如：We heard the door slamming.（ 反复_ while you brush your teeth.C. being runD. to runs some onefor her at the door.C. waits D. to wait“You are welcome. ” D. to smileWe heard the door slam.（ 一次动作） 动作）1. Don ' t leave theaterA. runB. running2. Tell Mary that thereA. wait i

11、ng B. waited3. Thewaiter came up to us and said,A. smili ng B. smiledC. smile4. A phone call sent himto the hos pital.D. hurriedA. hurryB. hurry ingC. to hurry5. Do you know the boy un der the big tree?A. lay. lai nC. layi ngD. lyi ng6. There are lots of p laces of in terestin our city.A. n eeds rep

12、 airi ng B. n eedi ng rep airedC. n eeded rep airi ngD. n eed ing9to be rep aired7. The drunken husba nd kno cked aga inst the table and sent the bowlsall direct ions before he was sentby his wife.A. flying; to slee p B. flying; slee pingC. to fly; to slee pingslee p8. When we got back from the ci n

13、ema, we found the lampD. to fly;but the doorintoA. being on; shut on; shutt ing9. As is known to us all, traveli ng is back from travels.B. burning; shutt ingC. burning; shut,but we ofte n feelwhe n we areA. in teresti ng; tiredB. in terested; tiri ngC. in teresti ng;tiri ngin terested; tired10. The

14、 woma n found it no goodher daughter too much mon ey.A. givingB. being give nC. give nD. gave11. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left iton the ground.A. layi ngB. layC. lyi ngD. la in12. John ' s bad habit iswithout thorough understanding.A. readB. being readC. to be readD. readi ng13. The

15、 wild flowers looked like a soft orange bla nketthe desert.A. coveri ngB. coveredC. coverD. to cover14. Don' trespond to any emails personal information, no matter howofficial they look.A. searchi ngB. ask ingC. request ingD. questi oning15. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden one

16、s at the entrance, in the n atural light duri ng the day.A. to letB. lett ingC. letD. havi ng let16. I smell somethi ngin the kitche n. Can I call you back in a minu te?A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt17. Though I have ofte n heard this song, I have n ever heard youit.A. being sung; sa

17、ng B. sang; singing C. sung; sing sing18. It was so cold that they kept the fireA. to burnB. burn19. He looked around and caughtp asse nger.A. putB. to be pu tt ing20. Did you meet anyoneall ni ght.C. burninga manhis handC. to putat the p arty?D. to be sung; toD. burned into the pocket of aD. pu tti

18、 ngNo, in fact, I found the party rather.A. i nteresti ng; bori ngB. i nterested; bori ngC. in teresti ng; boredD. in terested; bored21. The salesma n scolded the girl caughtand let her off.A. to have stole n B. to be steali ng C. to steal D. steali ng22. Don 'A. run23. The _A. miss ing; p layi

19、ngplayC. to putD. pu tt ingit clear to us that he didn ' agree with us, left theday.10. The question (discuss) at present has something important todo with our daily life.1. Tell Mary that there ' s someone for her at the door.A. wait ingB. waited C. waits2. The A waiter came up to us and sa

20、i d,A. smili ngB. smiled C. smilet leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth.B. runningC. being runD. to runboy was last see nn ear the East Lake.B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is foundin the kitche n.A. smoke B. smok ingC. to smokeD. smoke

21、d25. He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the po cket of ap asse nger.A. put B. to be pu tt ing26. The man ager,meeti ng room.A. who has made B. hav ing made C. made D. making27. Come on, pl ease give me some ideas about the p roject.Sorry. With so much workmy min d, I almost break dow n.A

22、. filledB. filli ngC. to fill D. bei ng filled28. P eter received a letter just nowhis gran dma would come to see himsoon. A. saidB. say C. say ingD. to say29. I smell somethi ngin the kitche n. Can I call you back in a minu te?A. burningB. burnt C. being burntD. to be burnt30. It is believed that i

23、f a book is, it will surelythe reader.A. in terested; in terestB. in teresti ng; be in terestedC. in terested; be in terest ingD. in teresti ng; in terest1. Not (know) his address, I couldn' t go to see him yester2. Look out for cars when (cross) the street.3. He dived into the water, (leave) on

24、ly his face exposed.4. (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.5. (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.6. Not (see) the film, I can' t tell you what I think of it.7. The man (work) for extra hours got an extra pay.8. (kno ck) at the door before en teri ng, pl ease

25、.(study)9. I was told that there were about 50 foreign studentsChin ese in the school, most of whom were from Germa ny.D. to wait“You are welcome. ”D. to smile3. On festivals, the traffic p olice worked hard to kee p the traffic B smoothly.A. runB. running C. to runD. being run4. Do you know the boy

26、 Dun der the big tree?A. layB. lainC. layi ngD. lyi ng5. I can hardly imagine Peter _C_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sailB. to sailC. saili ngD. to have sailed6. There are lots of p laces of in terestD in our city.A. n eeds rep airi ngB. n eedi ng rep airedC. n eeded rep airi ng D. n ee

27、di ng tobe rep airedD near the window, so I couldn ' t fall asleep.C. shoutD. shout ingA_, but we ofte n feelwhe n we are7. There were some boysA. to shoutB. shouted8. As is known to us all, traveli ng is back from travels.A. in teresti ng; tired B. in terested; tiri ngC. in teresti ng; tiri ngD

28、.in terested; tired9. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _C muchA. sp eak B. sp eak ingC. sp okeD. to sp eak10. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left itC on the ground.A. layi ngB. layC. lyi ngD. la in11. John ' s bad habit is D without thorough understandin

29、g.A. readB. being read C. to be readD. read ing12. The n ext morni ng she found the man A in bed, dead.A. lyi ngB. lieC. layD. layi ng13. People D in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. livi ngby an old woma n.C. being looked after D. be look ing14. When he awoke, he found himself CA. looked after B. be looked aft