宋词发展介绍【英文】

1、Song Literature: Ci poetry Also called lyric song, lyric meter; written for performance first appeared in the later Tang, probably in the 8th century, became popular in the Song; often reflected daily life in the Song“Bathing Babies,” Anonymous, Song, on silk fan, Freer Museum, USAIn Chinese, one do

2、es not speak of writing ci but of filling in ci; that is, filling in lyrics to a known melody. Lyrics are identified by the title of the tune prefaced with to”, e.g., “To the tune of Washing Creek Sand.”Right: “Eighteen Scholars (in the Tang),” anonymous, Song , National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwa

3、n “Entertaining Kids with theatrical performance” by Su Hanchen, SongNature: A poetry of elegance, languor and sentimentality-regarded as the most refined of all Chinese literary forms, the only one capable of articulating melancholy and a certain kind of erotica. Song authors broadened the content

4、of ci, using it to narrate events in contemporary urban lifeStructure: has tune patterns, a matrix containing a set number of lines of given length, rhymes in fixed positions, and tonal requirements at certain positions in each lines Lines of varying length: to fit the irregular, melodic patternExam

5、ples of tune patterns“The Moon over the West River” (西江月x jing yu ) “Wind through Pines” (風入松fng r sng ) “Deva-like Barbarian” (Bodhisattva Barbarian) (菩薩蠻p s mn ) “Telling the Inner Most Feelings” (訴衷情s zhng qng ) “Song of Picking Mulberry” (採桑子ci sng zi ) “Joy of Eternal Union” (永遇樂yng y l ) “Drea

6、ming of the South” (望江南wng jing nn ) “Lotus-leaf Cup” (荷葉杯h y bi )|Im thinking of someone|Sweet face, just sixteen|Born beautiful|She has got to be a minx.|Where she is most remarkable|Is when she laughs and her dimples show.|She has a hundred ways and a thousand charms,|And the more you embrace her

7、|The more sweet and slippery she gets|(Cont)|Ive neglected her a long time.|Last night in a dream|We made love|Like old times.|Then just when I was happy|The cock next door woke me up.|Everything was quiet|But I could not get back to sleep;|The setting moon outside my window was wasted.By Wang Shen,

8、 Song“Women and Morning Mirror”On silkWoman poet: Li Qingzhao (ca.1084?-1151) The greatest woman poet of Song times and perhaps in all of Chinese history Not only a poet, but also an erudite scholar, connoisseur, bibliophile, collector of antiques, Her poems are characterized by the use of onomatopo

9、etic expressions. |Search. Search. Seek. Seek.|Cold. Cold. Clear. Clear.|Sorrow. Sorrow. Pain. Pain. Pity. Pity.|Times of hot flashes and sudden chills.|Its hard to come to rest.|Three cups, two bowls of tasteless wine,|How should he late burst in like a gust of wind?|Wild geese fly, wrenching my he

10、art.|Really, from old days we know each other.|Golden flowers pile up on the ground,|Faded, dead.|Who would pick them now?|All alone, waiting at my window,|How does it become dark?|The wutong tree blend drizzling rain.|Until dusk falls. Drip. Drip. Drop. Drop.|This condition, can the mere word melan

11、choly suffice?lTo the tune of “Deva-like Barbarian”Blossom bright, the moon dark, shadowed in thin mist,Tonights just right for making my way to you-In stocking feet she goes out by the scented stairs,Holding in her hand her gold-threaded slippersOn the south side of the painted hall she sees him,Cl

12、ings to him for a time, trembling-Its so hard for me to slip away,tonight you may love me any way you please! oSu Shi (Su Dongpo,1037-1101)nThe best of the Song ci poetsnBrought ci to a great height and new frontier nStyle is generally masculine nMost widely read: “Song of River City,” “Prelude to W

13、ater Music,” “Immortal at the River”“Village Physician,” by Li Tang, Southern Song, on silk, National Palace Musuem, Taipei, Taiwan “Prelude to Water Music” (水調頭歌) by Su Shi(On Mid-autumn night of the year bingchen (1076), I drank merrily until dawn, got very drunk and wrote this poem, all the while

14、 thinking longingly of Ziyou.)Bright moon, when did you appear?Lifting my wine, I question the blue sky.Tonight in the palaces and halls of heavenWhat year is it, I wonder?I would like to ride the moon, make my home there,Only I fear in porphyry towers, under jade eaves,In those high places the cold

15、 would be more than I could bear.So I rise and dance and play with your pure beams,Though this human worldhow can it compare with yours?明月幾時有？把酒問青天。不知天上宮闕，今夕是何年？我欲乘風歸去，又恐瓊樓玉宇，高處不勝寒。起舞弄清影，何似在人間?Circling my red chamberLow in the curtained doorYou light my sleeplessness* Surely you bear us no ill willW

16、hy then must you be so round at times when we humans are parted?People have their grieves and joys, their joinings and separations,the moon its dark and clear times, its roundings and waning.As ever in such matters, things are hardly the way we wish.I only hope we may have long long lives,May share

17、the moons beauty, though a thousand miles apart.轉朱閣，低綺戶，照無眠。不應有恨，何事長向別時圓？人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴圓缺，此事古難全。但願人長久，千里共長嬋娟。 “Pure Serene Music” by Li QingzhaoYear after year in the snowAlways wed pick plum blossoms, drunk as we were,Shattering every clusterwhat did we care?-And their clear tears fell all over our cl

18、othes.This year by seas bend, skys boarder,Lonely, lonely, gray invading both temples,I watch, as evening comes, the wind risingAnd know that I ll be hard put to discover a single blossom清平樂年年雪裏，常插梅花醉，採盡梅花無意，贏得滿衣清淚！今年海角天涯，蕭蕭兩鬢生華。看取晚來風勢，故應難看梅花。“Bodhisattva Guanyin” by Jia Shigu, Southern Song, National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan“Powdered Ladies,” by Su Hanchen, Song, Boston Art MusuemSong womens