名词性从句学案

1、高三英语从句学案by Buttrflywu概念：从句主要有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句相当于一个名词的作用在句中做主语、 表语和宾语。而定语从句则相当于一个形容词的作用在句中做定语，定语从句一般放在所修饰的名 词后面。状语从句相当于一个副词的作用在句中做状语。引导词：名词性从句按从句的语气分三种。即：陈述语气用that引导；一般疑问语气，表示“能否，是否”用whether / if弓I导；特殊疑问语气用特殊疑问词who, which,when引导，表示“谁， 哪一个，什么时候。定语从句中按照被修饰的名词及其在从句中的作用来确定引导词。指人在从句中做主语、宾语用 who, whom

2、 或者that来引导。指物在从句中做主、宾语用that、which来引导。如果是直时间、地点、原因在句中做状语用when、where、why等引导。状语从句按照从句的意思分别用when, where, how,because,if等引导，表示：当时候,在地方等.辨别：找出下面句子中的从句部分并说明其在句中的作用：Who will go to the concert with me hasn 'been decided.Anyone who is late for shool must stay beh ind after class.Whoever breaks the law sho

3、uld be puni shed.Whoever you are, you should obey trffic rules first.He spe nd what he could buying a car for his son.He spe nd all that he could buying a car for his son.This is the small village where he spe nt his childhood(1). The photo of mine was take nstood the famous high tower.(2). Will you

4、 please show me the way to the only tall buildi ngstands n ear the postoffice?A.that B. in which C. whereD. there宾语从句句子在句中做叫做宾语从句.引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类即：表示陈述语气用that ,表示一般疑问语气，含有”是否，能否”的意思whether和if引导表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词导宾语从 句可做动词宾语，介词宾语，及某些形容词的宾语.例如：1. He wrote me a letter, say ing that he would pay a visit to C

5、hina n ext week.2. I won der if/ whehther you could spare me a few minu tes.3. I don 'know when the meeting will be held.3. The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.4. Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams.一. 由that引导的宾语从句I don 'tknow(that )Tom was late

6、againI am afraid (that) it would rain soon注意点1:引导宾语从句的that常可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略.Everybody could see what happe ned and that Tom was frighte ned.2. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.3. We decided, con sideri ng his age, that we would not let him do the job.注意点2:否定转移.在think, believe

7、, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的否定往往在主句中体现。我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。 .我想他不在意，是吗？ .二. 由whether或if引导的宾语从句他问我是否完成了我的家庭作业.但以下情况下 whether和if不可互换1.1 won der whether it is true or not.2.It depe nds on whether the buildi ng can be completed on time3. Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 o ' clo

8、ck.三. 由特殊疑问词(wh)引导(要注意用陈述语气) 我不知道你是怎样设法完成这样的工作的.你是怎样设法完成这个工作的”，老师问道.选择题：1. The man ager came over and asked the customer how.A. did the quarrel came aboutB .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come aboutD. how the quarrel has come about2. My mother askedwith me.A. what wrong wasB. what the

9、matter wasC. what was the matterD. what is wrong四. what引导的宾语从句，what常在宾语从句中指物做主语、表语和宾语1. A computer can only doyou have in structed it to do .A. howB. afterC. whatD. whe n2. My hometow n is differe nt fromit used to be.A. that B. whe nC. what D. which3. a. I am in terested inis helpful to him.b. I am

10、 in terested in allis helpful to him.A. that B. whatC. whichD. where4. This remin ded me ofhe had once told us.A. what B. that C. which D. whe n五. who, whoever, whom whomever ; what , whatever; which, whichever 等引导的宾语从句1. It was a matter ofwould take the positi on2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of

11、shares her in terests.3do you think he was shak ing hands with?4. You can give it toyou trust.5. You can give it to anyoneyou trust .A. whoever B. who C. whomever D. whom6. Every one was surprised athe said.7. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhe or she wants.8. - Can I sit in the

12、front now?Yes. You can takeseat you like.9.1 haven' t decidedroute I will take.A. whatever B. what C. whichever D. which六. 表示命令、要求、建议的动词后跟宾语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用should +动词原形，其中should 可省去。常见的动词有 ：dema nd, order, desire, request, i nsist, suggest, advise 等.The teacher ordered all the exercise booksbefore

13、school is over.A. must be han ded inB. would be han ded inC. be han ded inD. should hand in七. Exercises:1. You can' t imaginewhen they received these Christmas prese nts.A.how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited2. He seems differe nt fromhe

14、used to be.A. that B. what C. which D. who3. I rememberthis used to be a quiet village.A. whe nB. howC. where D. what4. The boy has not cha nged at all excepthe is no Ion ger so talktive.A. whyB. thatC. what D. if5. He actually goes to work on his bike exceptit rains.A. thatB. whe n C. what D. wheth

15、er6. I know nothing about him exceptyou told me just now.A. that B. which C. what D. whe n7. The man ager decided to give the job tohe believed had strong sense of duty.A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those8. Thinkingyou knowin fact you don' t is a terrible mistake.A. that; that B. what; what C

16、. that; what D. what that9. E nglish and French are taught in our school. You may chooseyou like.A. what B. thatC. whatever D. whichever10. We n ever knowhe is.They say he is a salesma n.A. who B. what主语从句和表语从句C. which D. whoever.引导词。主语从句,表语从句的引导词也和宾语从句一样分三类,即表示陈述语气用that引导,表示一般疑问语气，问是否，能否”用whether引导

17、，表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词引导。二. 主语从句的一般规律找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律:1、When will he come is not known.正: .规律一、2、He will not come to the meet ing this evening is true. 正：规律二、.3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.正：.规律三、.4. That the cartoon films interested nearly all the children were quite natural.

18、正: .规律四、.5. Whoever does good deeds for the old he will be praised.正: .6. Whatever he did it was right.正: .规律五、三. It做形式主语。主语从句做主语往往比较长，有时为了避免头重脚轻的毛病，常用it做形式主语，把主语从句放到句末去。如以上1-4句都可以改为it做形式主语的句型。常用it做形式主语的句型有：It seems that It happe ns that It is possible/ probable/ likely thatIt occurred to me tha t I

19、t struck me that It is reported / said / believed / well-k nown thatIt is clear / obvious that在 It is important/ strange/ necessary that及 It issuggested / demanded that 等结构中从句中的动词用should加动词原形，should可省去。7. .（我突然想到他不喜欢看电影）。8. .（事故发生的时候，我碰巧路过）9. 12. It is n ecessary that a college studentat least a for

20、eig n Ian guage.A.masters B.should master C.masteredD. will master10. （有人建议我们星期天去远足）。四. 表语从句中应该注意的几个问题1. 在be动词及seem, look,等系动词之后的从句叫表语从句。2 .引导表语从句的that也不能省略。3. My suggestion is that we（remind） him of it once more.在suggestion, order, advice等表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的从句，从句中动词用should加动词原形，should可省去。4. The reason

21、why he was late washe didn' t catch the early bus.He was late. That washe didn' t catch the early bus.表语从句中reason做主语，只能用that引导。五. Some more exercises.1. See the flags on top of the building? That waswe did this morning.A. whe nB. whichC. whereD. what2. you don ' t like him is none of my

22、bus in ess.A.WhatB. Who C.That D.Whether3. team wins on Saturday will go through to the n ati onal champi on ships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C Whatever D. Whichever4. we ' II go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.lfB.Whether C.That D.Where5. leaves the room last ought to turn o

23、ff the lights.A.A nyone B.The pers on C. whoever D.who6. is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern ati on al la nguage.A.There B.ThisC.That D. It7. men have lear ned much from the behavior of ani mals is barely n ew.A.ThatB.ThoseC.WhatD.Whether8. she couldn ' t understand wasfewer a

24、nd fewer students showd interest in her lessons.A.What; why B.That; what C.What; because D.Why; that9.It is pretty well un derstoodcon trols the flow of carb on dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.thatB.whe nC.whatD.how10.fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differe

25、 nces from one aspect.What B. That C. This D. Which同位语从句一. 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope,problem, information等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。二、 引导词；和宾语从句、主语从句一样，表示陈述语气用that, “是否，能否”用whether,特殊疑

26、问语气由特殊疑问词引导。女口： 1. The gen eral gave the orderthe soldiers should cross the river at once.2. We'll discuss the problemthe sports meeti ng will be held on time.3. I have no ideahe will be back.4. I have no impressionhe went home, perhaps by bike.三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别。同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于

27、定语从句。同 位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，同位语从句的引导词不在从句中作任何成 分；定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语，定语从句的引导词在从句中必须担任一 定的成分。例 1. In formatio n has bee n put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted in touni versities.A. while B. that C. which D. as2. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitte

28、d into universities , this is the in formati onhas bee n put forward.A .what B. that C. whichD. as3. She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouthA. it B. whichC. thisD. that4. I can't stand the terrible noiseshe is crying loudly.A. itB. whichC. this D. that四. 巩固性练习：1. A warm thoug

29、ht suddenly came to meI might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother' s birthday.A . if B . whenC. that D . which2 -It's thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story, believe it or not,we got lost on a rainy ni ght.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whe n3. Nobody bel

30、ieved his reas on for being abse nt from the classhe had to meet his uncle at the airport.A. why B that C. where D. because4. 10.He ofte n asked me the questi onthe work was worth doing.A. whetherB. whereC. thatD. whe n5. There is much chaneeBill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.

31、thatB. whichC. un tilD. if2008Key: ABACDCACCCBAD2009Key: 1-5. ACCCD6-11. DDCDBA 92010Key: BCDBBCBABBBDCDA名词性从句热点考点揭秘更新时间：2010-10-29 10:30:59名词性从句在主句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，它表达功能强，适用连词多，语境色彩浓，其 热点考查内容有：一、考查对主语从句的判断主语从句在主句中作主语，适用连词有：what （的内容）,when（的时间），where （ 的地点）,why （ 的原因）,who （谁，哪一个，主格）,whom （谁，哪一个，宾格），wh

32、ich （哪一个）,how （如何，怎样），whose （谁的）,whether （是否），whatever （无论什么），whichever （无论哪一个）， whoever （无论谁），that （没有实际意义）。当主语从句较长时，可用it作形式主语，从句作真正主语。特别需要注意的是，what可引申为“的人/地方/时间/价格/速度/方式”解主语从句试题时应分析语境逻辑，确定空档含义，若空档有具体含义，应根据其需要选择适当连词；若空档没 有实际意义，应填无义连词that。例 1some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many

33、 others. （2010北京）A. WhetherB. WhatC. ThatD. How析：B。空档表示“的东西”因此应填 What引导主语从句。例 2 It never occurred to meyou could succeed in persuading him to change hismi nd. （2010 陕西）A. whichB. whatC. thatD. if析: C。you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind 意义已经完整，因此该空应填that 弓I导主语从句。例 3wants to stay in

34、 a hotel has to pay their own way. （2008 浙江）A. AnyoneB. The oneC. WhoeverD. Who析：C。空档表示 任何的人， 无论谁”所以应填 Whoever引导主语从句。二、考查对宾语从句的判断宾语从句在主句中作宾语，适用连词与主语从句的适用连词相同（含义不变）。另外if（是否）也可引导宾语从句，但不可用作介词宾语。宾语从句解题方法与主语从句相似。例 1 We haven' t discussed yetwe are going to place our ew furniture. （2010 全国卷 I）A. thatB

35、. whichC. whatD. where析：D。空档表示“的地方”因此应填where引导宾语从句。例 2 I want to be liked and loved forI am in side. （2010 北京）A. whoB. whereC. whatD. how析：C。空档表示“的内容”因此应填what引导宾语从句。例 3 How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely onhe goes with, whether his friendsor relatives. （2010 四川）A. whatB. whoC. ho

36、wD. why析：B。由whether his friends or relatives可以推出该空表示谁”指人，因此应填 who引导宾语从句。例 4 Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please? （2009 全国卷 I）A. whoB. whatC. whoever D. whatever析：C。空档表示 无论谁”所以应用whoever引导宾语从句。例 5 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few mon ths to seeit g

37、ot any better.（2009北京）A. whe nB. howC. whyD. if析：D。空档表示 是否”所以应填if引导宾语从句。三、考查对表语从句的判断表语从句在主句中作表语，多数引导主语从句和宾语从句的连词都可以引导表语从句，且其意义保 持不变。但表示 是否”时应用whether而不用if引导表语从句。表语从句的解题方法与主语、宾语 从句相似。例 1 I prefer shutt ing myself in and liste ning to music all day on Sun days.That ' sI don ' t agree. You should have a more active lifetX苏10A. whereB. howC. whe nD. what析：A。空档表示“的地方”因此应填 where引导表语从句。例 2 Part of the reas on Charles Dicke ns loved