高考冲刺高中英语语法——状语从句

1、状语从句导言：状语从句就像一个花样年华的少女，婀娜多姿（类型很多），意会了每个姿态（主从句的意思），也就欣赏到那丝眼神的含义（连接词）。是不是觉得学状语从句很有意思呢？最新原创题热身后，Goody同您一起欣赏婀娜多姿的状语从句少女！ 最新原创热身运动：1. _ Apple gave no sales figures for its recently released Apple Watch, it did say the current quarter was off to “an exciting start”.A. When B. While C. As D. Because2. Chin

2、a has sent 158 engineers to Tibet _ they can restore telecommunication facilities destroyed by Saturdays earthquake.A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that3. China confirms PLA to take part in Russia's Victory Day parade, _ unexpected terrible things happen.A. when B. because C. before

3、 D, unless【答案揭晓】BCD一、 状语从句的定义关键词：状语，修饰，位置，引导词 状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词和句子等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。 1.When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. 2.Tom, unless he

4、 is supported by a kinder, can't afford to go to Xiamen University. 3.The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间.地点.原因.目的.结果.方式.让步.条件.比较等九种。时间 when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, immediately, the day, no s

5、ooner than, hardly/carcely when, the minute, the second, every/each time 地点 Where, wherever, everywhere 条件 if, unless, providing/provided that, as/so long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if 原因 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view

6、of the fact that(鉴于) 让步 though, although, even if/though/, as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词， for all that, granting/granted, whether or, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that 比较 asas, not the same as, not soas, than 方式 as, as if/though/ the way 目的 that, so t

7、hat, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest 结果 so that, so that, such that二、 状语从句的分类（1） 时间状语从句 1. when, while & asMother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as / when / while father was away in France.When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend

8、of mine. 【解析】as / when / while引导的从句中的谓语动词 was away，was walking 是持续性的状态和持续性动作，三者可互换，特别注意的是while 引导的从句中的动词必须是持续性的！ I was halfway back to the hospital when Susan caught up with me.One Friday, we were packing to leave, when my daughter heard cries for help.He was about to leave when the telephone rangWe

9、 were on the point of watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.Tom was going to have dinner when the door was opened. 【解析】由以上从句中的黑体动词，如 caught up with, heard, rang, went out, was opened可以看出，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以为短暂性动词，这里不能跟while互换；此外 be about to, be on the point of doing, 和 be going to 经常跟when（=

10、at that time) 连用成固定搭配。The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry. The little girls sang as they went【解析】as常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。注： I' ll phone you again when I get home. 主 谓 宾 状 时间状语从句 I don't know when I'll see h

11、er again. 主 谓 宾语从句 Ill never forget the years when（=in which) I lived with the Tibetans. 主 状 谓 宾 定语从句（修饰the years)【解析】由这三句句式结构的分析，分别可以得出这三个复合句的类型。2. 一.就 (1) as soon as, once 一Do you mean we are almost running out of food? 一Yeah. As soon as the canned and frozen foods are used up. Once the new softwa

12、re is installed, customers will be able to place orders over the Internet. (2) immediately, directly I recognized her immediately I saw her. I came directly I got your message. 【解析】immediately, directly在这些例句中是做连词用，相当于as soon as，而不是起副词的功能。 (3) the moment, the minute, the instantI was so familiar with

13、 him that I recognized his voice the minute I picked up the phone.He said he'd phone you the moment he got home.The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man from the restaurant. 【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能，相当于as soon as,切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词，如 at the moment。 (4) no sooner.than, hardly/scarcely.whenHe had sooner

14、 arrived than the trouble started.=No sooner had he arrived than the trouble startedHe had hardly finished his speech when the audience started cheering.Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering. 【解析】在这两个句型当中得注意两点：一是否定词放句首引起主句部分倒装；二是全句的时态经常是用过去完成时，when引导的从句常用过去式。 3. every/

15、each/any time, the next time, the first time, all the timeEvery time/ Each time my father comes to Beijing, he goes to visit the Monument to the People's Heroes with respect. Any time you are in trouble, just turn to me for help.He'd let me down more than once so the next time he asked me fo

16、r a favour , I gave him the brush off.The girl still remembers that she was too nervous the first time she gave a speech in the face of such a big crowd.All the time I'm thinking, we are all obsolete. 【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能，切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词，如 at any time 等。 4 . before The American Civil War lasted fou

17、r years before the North won in the end. 【解析】before意为“在.之前.”，根据句意可译为“过了多久后才.” She left the company before I could have a word with her . 【解析】before意为“在.之前.”， 根据句意可译为“来不及； 尚未.就.” The fire was finally brought under control, but not before heavy damage had been caused. 【解析】before意为“在.之前.”，解题时要关注主从句动词的时

18、态。 Im sorry youve been waiting so long， but itll still be some time before Brian gets back. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position . It was three days before he came back. . 【解析】before 常用于以下句型： It will (not ) be +时间段+ before.表示“要过多久/ 不久才” It was not long + before 表示“不久就.” It was

19、 +时间段+ before 表示“过了多久才”5. sinceThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to its lowest level since records began in 1971. 【解析】since从句中的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词。（2） 地点状语从句If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans The Red Cross is expected to send

20、 helpwherever there is human suffering.注：1.You' d better make a mark where you have any questions. 主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语从句 2. You'd better make a mark at the place where(=at which) you have any questions. 主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 定语从句（修饰the place) 3. I don't know where I am mistaken. 主语 谓语 宾语从句【解析】由以上句式结构的

21、分析，得出第1句为地点状语从句，第2句为定语从句，第3句为宾语从句，要注意这几种从句的区别。（3） 条件状语从句1.Unless you've tried it，you cant imagine how pleasant it is.2. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees，but unless they have eggs or young chicks，they dont use a nest.3. In time of serious accidents，if we know some basic things about

22、first aid，we can save lives.4.Peter told me he wanted to come with us. Is it OK for you?I dont mind as long as he pays for his meals.5. My parents live in a small village.They always keep candles in the house in casethere is a power out.6. Suppose that this circle is the world, and that the center o

23、f the circle is God7. I shall give you the book on condition that you return it no later than tomorrow.8.The game is not very difficult once you understand the rules.9. You can borrow the car, providing that/provided I can have it back by six o'clock.10. I told him I would work for him only if I

24、 could have a finger in the pie.【解析】unless 是考试中的高频考点，要特别关注。（4） 原因状语从句1.Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to because Ill see him tomorrow.2. The influence of automobile extends throughout the economy as the car is so important to American people. 3. Since our country has so many good table-tenn

25、is players，we have to decide on the best ones to take part in the game.4. It must be morning for the birds are singing.5. Now that you are well again, you can travel.6. How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?7. Given that she is interested in children, I

26、 am sure teaching is the right career for her.8.Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there's no reason why we should now help him.9. In view of the fact that I was tired, I fell asleep soon.【解析】（1）原因词汇区别位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because主句前.后直接因果关系强能能Since/now that主句前双方已知原因较强不能不能as主句前.后双方已知原因较弱不能不能for主句后

27、补充解释说明弱（并列连词）不能不能（2）例句7中的when，也可以表示原因，意为：since既然，考虑到。（5） 让步状语从句1、 “虽然.，尽管. ”(1).（A) Scientist as/though he is，he is still as modest as before，which always moves all the people who know him.(2). Unlikely as/though it might seem, I'm tired too.(3). Much as I like it, I won't buy it, for it'

28、;s too expensive.(4). Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.(5) .Although/though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.(6). He is unhappy, although/though he has a lot of money.(7). Why does she steal things when she could easily afford to buy them?(8). While he has w

29、on lots of prizes, he still remians modest.【解析】（1）though 既可以和as互换于表语、谓语或者状语提前的倒装句中，也可以和although 互换放在句首或者句中，也就是though可以用倒装，也可以不用倒装， although一定不能用于倒装。（2）as 表“虽然”时引导的从句，一定得用倒装，既从句中的表语.状语或者动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时冠词要省略。（3）Although/though 可以与副词yet, still 连用，但不能与连词but 连用。（4）when=even though something is true

30、 和 while=in spite of the fact that注：I want to try my hand at politics, or go back to the law. I don't want to go to school for it, though。（副词，非连词，解释为“然而，但是”，常置于句末，带逗号。）2、 “即使.”（1）Once again he failed to hand in his homework, even though he had been given enough time to do it（2）Many of them turne

31、d a deaf ear to his advice，even if they knew it to be valuable.3.“不管.; 无论.，尽管.”（1）Whatever happens, never take an overdose of this medicine. (whatever=not matter what) whatever + 谓语（2）He always has an eye to making money ,whatever his plans are. whatever + 主语 + 系动词（3）Whatever part he is playing, his

32、 own character still shows through. whatever +n.+ 主语+谓语（4）You should try to get a good nights sleep however much work (=whatever work) you have to do. (however=not matter how) however + much+n. +主+谓（5）However great the difficulties may be, we can overcome them. however + adj.+ 主 +谓（6）However much yo

33、u may beg him, you will get little or nothing. however +adv.+主 + 谓 +宾【解析】上面的结构分析已经很好地区分了whatever 和 however 的区别，特别强调的是，在whatever的结构当中，如果其后面所加的名词被much修饰，必须改为however。（7）Wherever you work, you must serve the people whole heatedly. (wherever=not matter where)（8）As long as I can remember, whenever I calle

34、d，his wife would answer the phone.(whenever=not matter when)注：以上所有例句中都是让步状语从句，故上文句中“连词+ever可以替换no matter +连词”，但是在状语从句当中，no matter+连词才能够替换连词+ever，名词性从句当中则不可以。换句说，“no matter+连词”只能引导状语从句，“连词+ever”既可以引导状语从句（=no matter+连词），也可以引导名词性从句。（9）Whoever breaks the school windows will be in trouble! 主语从句 系动词 表语（10

35、）I' ll find the person who did this, whoever(=no matter who) he is.主 谓 宾 定 状语从句（11）Look, Kate, I am calling the doctor, whether you like it or not.（12）In spite of the fact that it is snowing, she is going out for a walk., （13）Despite the fact that she is short, she is an excellent basketball pla

36、yer. （6） 比较状语从句（1）She is as kind as the Princess Snow White, as smart as Blue Sprite, as brave as Hua Mulan.（2）Practical lessons, like cookery, are not considered as important as maths.（3）Our success was considered not so much to your help as to our cooperation（4）The new stadium being built for the

37、next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.（5）Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it cost twice as much as his.（6）No person is either so happy or so unhappy as he imagines.（7）Your watch is not the same as his.（8）I never met such a man as your younger brothe

38、r.（9）There were not so many tickets available as (they) were asked for.（10）You seemed to understand human nature as well as (you understand) science.【解析】as.as. 肯定结构，及not so / as . as .否定结构 （so.as. 不能用于肯定结构）的平级比较结构（11）She studies more diligently than her classmates.（12）He drives faster and more dange

39、rously than you.（13）This test is less simple than I expected it to be.（14）There were more casualties than was reported. (= than it was reported there were)【解析】.形容词 / 副词比较级 + than .（15）Taking this medicine helps to relieve his headache, and makes him less ill- tempered than before.【解析】上下文判断的比较级结构。比如时

40、间状语.条件状语等。（16）She bought the least expensive towels that she could find. （17）She is the most active girl in our class.（18）No other book has had a greater influence on my life.（19）He has never been so happy as he is today.（20）This teacher explained the problem more clearly than any other teacher.（21）

41、He runs as fast as some of classmates in his class【解析】以上为最高级的结构，句子中都有一个表示范围的结构。（22）The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.（23）The more he thought, the angrier he grew.【解析】“比较级 +主语+谓语， 比较级+主语+谓语”结构。（24）I think she's more shy than unfriendly.（25）Reading is to the mind what exercise is to

42、 the body.（26）She is taller than I by three inches.【解析】比较级的某些特殊结构。（27）The students study even harder than before.【解析】比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still , even, far, any, a lot, a little, a great deal , by far, a bit, three times 等。（28）The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow R

43、iver.【解析】最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like.（7） 方式状语从句（1）But Americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western England（2）The mountain appears as if it were covered with snow.（3）They live as if they will never die, and d

44、ie as though they had never lived.（4）I feel as if I have a fever.【解析】as if 或 as though 引导的从句中一般用虚拟语气，但如果所表达的情况有可能发生，也可用陈述语气， 如最后一个例句。（8） 目的状语从句（1）I'd like to arrive 20 minutes earlyso that I can have time for a cup of tea.（2）You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.（3

45、）He worked hard for fear that he should fail（4）I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you.（5）Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 【解析】常用的连词有：so that（以便）， in order that（为了；以便），lest（免得；唯恐）， for fear that（生怕；以免）,从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词（9） 结果状语从句（1）Th

46、ere is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused.=There is such an rapid increase in population that a food shortage is caused（2）He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.（3）Tom is so selfish that he is always ignoring other's feelings.【解析】 so+adj.

47、+a/an+n.+that.; so+many/much/little/few(多或者少）+n.+that. ; so +adj./adv.+that.; （4）Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.（5）They are such fine teachers that we all respect them. （6）It is such fine weather that we all want to go to th

48、e park.【解析】such+a/an+adj.+n.+that. such+ n.(pl)/ u.n.+that.（7）The company doubled its sales force with the result that the sales rise by 26%. 三、 状语从句的解题策略 前面我们已经知道什么是从句了，尤其是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和定语从句这一节总结一下状语从句。如何判断是考状语从句的题呢？您就这样想算了，选项中出现的连词个数有很多，范围也很大 Before，While，Since，by the time，no matter what，as long

49、as，oncein case，even though，although等，一般这个题是考状语从句的题目。 提醒您：既然是状语，那么横线后的那个句子一般是不会缺少主语，宾语，表语，它们就是只缺少状语，也就是说句子中就是缺少一个连接句子的词，因此你只要把选项的意思带到句子中看看哪个意思最好就是答案。 例题：My parents dont mind what job I do _I am happy.A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 选项中出现的连词A. even though B. as soon as C. as lo

50、ng as D. as though这个是考状语从句的题了。横线后I am happy.是主系表结构，缺状语。even though即使，尽管as soon as一.就 as long as只要 as though好像。 把词语带进去句子中，发现只有as long as只要 翻译通顺-我的父母亲不介意我从事啥工作，只要我过得幸福。 【解析】状语从句常考的连词有： when, while, before, unless, as, because, 四、 状语从句的经典考题1. I don't believe we've met before, _ I must say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless2. This restaurant wasn't _ that other restaurant we went to.A. half as good as B. as half go