圆锥工件数控精准技术

1、圆锥工件数控精准技术随着数控技术的发展与运用锥体工件的加工精度有 了很大的提高， 但是数控加工技术并没有普及， 大部分精 度较高的部件都是由精度较高的磨床完成， 但是基础加工 必须由普通车床来加工的普通车床加工锥体工件。 回转小 滑板刀架加工锥形零部件是普通车床车削圆锥工件最常 用的方法为了提高普通车床利用小滑板转动角度车削锥 体工件及相互配合锥体的精度质量及工作效率。With the development of NC technology and machining precision of workpiece using the cone has been greatly improve

2、d, but the NC machining technology is not universal, most high precision parts are completed by high precision grinder, lathe machining cone workpiece by lathe processing but foundation must be processed. Rotary small slide holder processing conical parts is method of ordinary lathe turning cone wor

3、kpiece is most commonly used in order to improve the general lathe using small slide rotation angle turning cone workpiece and interaction with the precision quality and work efficiency.根据圆锥角度的大小和长度在普车上一般有四种加工方法：（ 1 ）宽刀刃切削法， 一般加工一些锥度短的工件。(2)仿形切削法，一般加工一些批量生产的工件。( 3)偏移尾座法， 这种方法通常加工一些锥度特长小刀架回转 行程无法加工的零

4、件。 ( 4)转动小滑板车削锥体方法， 这 是最常用的方法。According to the size and length of cone angle generally have four kinds of processing methods in general the car: (1) wide blade cutting method, the general processing some short taper workpiece. (2) the profiling cutting method, the general processing some batch workp

5、iece. (3) offset tailstock method, this method is usually some long knife frame processing taper rotary trip can not be machined parts. (4) the rotary slide turning cone method, which is the most common method.一、圆锥体长度的控制Control, cone length 由于圆锥体母线与零件的轴线不是平行关系所 以就影响了圆锥的长度测量在具体车削过程中， 长度的尺 寸也很难控制。圆锥体的

6、各要素关系式是： K= 大径 D 小径d/长度L,圆锥半角的正切值，tgA=k/2,那么转动小 滑板切削锥体时它的转动角度是锥角的 1/2 假如：锥角是10 度 30 分那么它的转动角度就应该是 5 度 15 分所以当 转动角度一定时大径 D 与小径之差就决定了圆锥长度， 车削过程中，刀具从小径端运动到大径端的切削过程中， 机床的中滑板没有移动也就是说任何一个长度的圆锥体 在切削过程中刀具在大端和小端的时候中滑板刻度值是 不变的，根据这一点我们在圆锥车削过程中采用一种快捷 方式来控制长度。（1）根据图纸要求长度从小头对刀并记 住中滑板刻度， 对刀后在车削圆锥体全过程不能再动大滑 板位置， 最好

7、将大滑板固定， 可用扳手将大滑板固定螺钉 锁紧。（2 ）利用小刀架和中滑板退刀进刀， 中滑板刻度到 第一步对刀时的刻度处车削圆锥就达到图纸要求的长度， 该方法特点是方便快捷很适合精度不高的批量生产。As the cone generatrix and parts of the axis is not parallel relationship so affected the cone length measurement in the turningprocess, the length of thesize is also very difficult to control. Relatio

8、n between elements type cone is: large diameter K= D - d/ L path length, cone half-angle tangent, tgA=k/2, then the rotation angle of its turning a small slide cutting cone is the cone angle of the 1/2 if: cone angle is 10 degrees 30 minutes so it's rotation angle should be 5 degrees 15 minutes

9、so when the rotation angle of a large diameter D and the path difference determines the cone length,turning process, tool from the trail end moves to the cutting process of large diameter end of the slide is not moving in machine tool, it is said that any length of a cone in the process of cutting t

10、ool slide in the big end and the small end of the scale is constant, according to which we in the cone turning process using a shortcut to control the length of. (1) according to the requirements of the drawings length from head on and remember in sliding scale, knife in cutting cone process cannot

11、move big slide position, the best will slide plate, use a spanner to screw locking plate fixation. (2) using a knife frame and slide knife back feed, in the slide scale to the cone scale turning first knife will achieve therequirement ofthe length, the method is convenient for mass production of pre

12、cision is not high.二、圆锥角度的控制法Control method of two, cone angle 圆锥角度对零件的精度影响很大如何控制圆锥 角度也是车削圆锥的关键技术， 对于精要求不高的零件圆 锥角很容易掌握但精度要求较高圆锥工件要想控制圆锥 角的精度就需要有一定的实践经验和技巧。 最常见的圆锥 角控制方法是通过试车和测量再反复调整小滑板也就是 先车一段锥体测量长度和角度是否合格然后再调整小拖 板转动角此方法效率低， 每次调整混凝土输送泵准确率很 低为了快速准确调整小拖板转动角度， 我们应该采取利用 百分表进行调整角度， 即准确又快捷， 首先计算出圆锥母 线长度大径

13、与小径之差后先近似转动小拖板圆角半径将 百分表座安装在小刀架上百分表测头垂直接触在尾座活 动套筒上并有一定压力 （尾座摇出后固定） 摇动小拖板手 柄行程为酿酒设备圆锥母线长度或成一定比例关系。 读取 百分表行程数值该数值应等于圆锥大头直径与小头直径 差的 1/2 或成一定比例如有误差请调整百分表误差。 退回 小滑板行程。 重复走刀测试百分表行程。 确认行程为大小 头直径差的 1/2 准确但要注意尾座套筒的误差。Effects of cone angle on the parts precision key technology of how to control the cone angle

14、is also turning cone, cone for parts precision request not high angle is easy to grasp but high precision conical workpiece to control the cone angle accuracy requires a certain amount of practical experience and skills. The most common taper angle control method is through the test and measurement

15、and repeated adjustment of small boards also is the first car a cone length and angle measurement is qualified and then adjust the angle of rotation of this method is of low efficiency, each adjustment accuracy rate is very low for fast and accurate adjustment of the angle of rotation, we should tak

16、e is to adjust the angle of dial indicator, accurate and fast, first calculate the length of large diameter and cone path difference after the first approximate rotation the fillet radius will dial indicator seat is installed on the knife frame on the dial indicator measuring head vertical contact in the tailstock movable sleeve and has certain pressure (tail out after shaking the stroke of the handle is fixed) cone the bus length or proportional relationship. Read the dial gauge stroke numerical value of the numerical should be equal to the cone head diameter a