独立主格和定语从句课件

1、独立主格和定语从句I was scared and feeling pretty anxious, _my first time in a new country.this beingthis wasbeingA. was独立主格和定语从句独立主格结构独立主格结构( Absolute Construction)由一名（代）词和另一成分构成的复合结构作状由一名（代）词和另一成分构成的复合结构作状语语称为独立主格结构称为独立主格结构( Absolute Construction)，有，有下面几类：下面几类：）名词（或代词）分词）名词（或代词）分词The storm having destroyed

2、 their hut, they had to live in a cave.He lay on his back, his hands crossed underhis head.2)名词（或代词）形容词名词（或代词）形容词He entered the room, his nose red with cold.独立主格和定语从句3)名词（或代词）不定式名词（或代词）不定式Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.这儿是头两卷，第三卷下月出这儿是头两卷，第三卷下月出4)名词（或代词）介词短语名词（或

3、代词）介词短语After killing the Japanese soldier, the two partisans ran away, rifle in hand.杀死了那两个日本兵之后，两个游击队员提着枪跑了杀死了那两个日本兵之后，两个游击队员提着枪跑了5)名词（或代词）副词名词（或代词）副词He put on his socks wrong side out.他袜子穿反了他袜子穿反了独立主格和定语从句这样的结构多用来表示行为方式或伴随这样的结构多用来表示行为方式或伴随的情况：的情况：1. I stood at his left , my finger on the button ,

4、waiting for the order.2. He entered the dark room, gun in hand.3. He fell to the floor, blood streaming from his nose.独立主格和定语从句有时也用来表示时间有时也用来表示时间1. The meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the school.2. Spring coming on , the trees turned green.3. The question ( being ) settled, they wen

5、t back to their posts. 4. This done, he locked the door and went to bed.独立主格和定语从句有时也用来表示条件有时也用来表示条件1. Weather permitting, well go to the Western Hills tomorrow.2. Everything taken into consideration, the plan Xiao Yu put forward seems to be more workable. 从各方面考虑一下，小余提的计划似乎更可从各方面考虑一下，小余提的计划似乎更可行一些行一些

6、独立主格和定语从句有时也用来表示原因有时也用来表示原因1. John being away, Henry had to do the work.2. No further discussion arising , the meeting was brought to a close.再也没有什么讨论的事，会议就结束了再也没有什么讨论的事，会议就结束了3. When she was fifty she retired, her health having been impaired by years of overwork. 她五十岁时退休了，（因为）多年的劳累把她五十岁时退休了，（因为）多年的

7、劳累把她的身体搞坏了她的身体搞坏了独立主格和定语从句With+复合结构和独立主格结构差不多复合结构和独立主格结构差不多1. Sometimes many people spoke at once, with nobody stopping them.2. With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.3. Now he could walk only with Xiao Huang supporting him. 4. He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring

8、 at him.5. Tien An Men looks grander than ever with allthe lights on.独立主格和定语从句独立主格结构独立主格结构I. 独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系系,通常被称为独立主格结构。通常被称为独立主格结构。II. 独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能

9、独立主格结构主要起状语作用独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状相当于一个状语从句语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。独立主格和定语从句1、名词或代词主格、名词或代词主格 + 分词分词The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。Time permitting, we can h

10、ave a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。2、名词或代词主格、名词或代词主格 + 形容词形容词Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。我们却能广泛地利用它们。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧你快点儿洗洗吧!独立主格和定语从句3、名词或代词主格、名词或代词主格

11、 + 不定式不定式The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。我们的晚会就开始了。4、名词或代词主格、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语介词短语 Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。手里拿着试卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河山谷中有一条河,

12、河两岸长满了鲜花。河两岸长满了鲜花。独立主格和定语从句5、名词或代词主格、名词或代词主格 + 副词副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。我们不能继续工作了。独立主格和定语从句III. 独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。、独立主格结

13、构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是但是,独立主格结构转换为状语从句后独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑它有自己的逻辑主语主语,与主句的主语不一致与主句的主语不一致(例例)。而分词短语转换为状。而分词短语转换为状语从句后语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语一致从句的主语与主句的主语一致(例例)。 If time permits, wed better have a holiday at weekends. 转换为转换为: Time permitting, wed better have a holiday at weekends. 如果时间允许如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假。我们最好

14、周末去度假。 When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.转换为转换为: Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 从山顶上看从山顶上看,我们发现这个城市更美了。我们发现这个城市更美了。独立主格和定语从句Living in the country, we had few amusements. Being unable to help in any other way, I gave her some money.2. Nob

15、ody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. Our teacher being unable to come, wed better put off the meeting.3. With the old man leading, the soldiers walked towards the forest. She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.独立主格和定语从句IV. 独立主格结构与独立成分的异同独立主格结构与独立成分的异同1、有些分词短语可以独立存在、有

16、些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有在句子中没有逻辑上的主语逻辑上的主语,实际上已经变成了习惯用法。这实际上已经变成了习惯用法。这些短语有些短语有:Generally speaking 总的说来总的说来,Frankly speaking 坦率地说坦率地说,Judging from 从从判判断断,Supposing 假设假设,等等。等等。 Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. 总的说来总的说来,这条规则很容易懂。这条规则很容易懂。Judging from what he said, he must be an hones

17、t man. 由他所说的来判断由他所说的来判断,他一定是一个诚实的人。他一定是一个诚实的人。独立主格和定语从句2、有些固定短语是带、有些固定短语是带 to 的不定式的不定式,表明说话人表明说话人的立场或态度的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分。这些短语有在句中作独立成分。这些短语有: to be honest老实说老实说,to be sure 确实确实,to tell you the truth 说实话说实话,to cut a long story short 长话短说长话短说,to be frank 坦率地说坦率地说,to make matters / things worse 更糟糕的是更糟糕的是,等等。等等。 To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word sp