采矿专业英语词汇

1、煤田地质煤田地质geologic structure 地质构造地质构造 geologic age 地质年代地质年代 coalfield 煤田煤田 minefield 井田井田 reserve of minefield 井田储量井田储量 geologic reserve 地质储量地质储量coal exploration 煤层勘探煤层勘探 explore sedimentary rock 沉积岩沉积岩metamorphose rock 变质岩变质岩igneous rock 火成岩火成岩alluvium 冲积层冲积层coal seam 煤层煤层mineral deposit 矿床矿床 epoch 纪

2、元、纪、代纪元、纪、代Permian 二叠纪（系）二叠纪（系）Carboniferous 石炭纪石炭纪Cretaceous 白垩纪白垩纪Tertiary 第三纪第三纪fold 褶曲褶曲fault 断层断层 normal 正正 reverse 逆逆 faulting 断层作用断层作用faultstrike 走向走向 along the strikedip 倾向、倾角倾向、倾角 dip angle of coal seam 煤层倾角煤层倾角 weathered 风化的风化的bituminous coal 烟煤烟煤 bitjumins anthracite 无烟煤无烟煤 lignite 褐煤褐煤 c

3、oking coal 焦煤焦煤limestone 石灰岩石灰岩sandstone 砂岩砂岩 shale 页岩页岩 fully mechanized coal face 综采面综采面 conventional mining 普采普采Semi-mechanized coal face blasting mining 炮采炮采 fully mechanized coal face with sublevel caving mining 综放面综放面colliery (coal mine) 煤矿煤矿Longwall mining 长壁开采长壁开采Room and pillar 房柱式开采房柱式开采pi

4、llar and stall level 水平水平 mining level 开采水平开采水平Panel, district, mining area 盘区 采区Shaft (vertical) 井筒井筒 adit 平硐平硐 shaft sinking 井筒掘进井筒掘进opencast open pit 露天矿露天矿 surface mining，strip mining 露天开采露天开采 comprehensive geological map of mine 矿矿井综合地质图井综合地质图 strata(stratum) 岩层岩层 stimulated caving 强制放顶强制放顶long

5、wall advancing retreating roof (floor) 顶（底）板顶（底）板 main immediate false pit bottom ， shaft station 井底车场井底车场up cast downcast 进回风井进回风井 ventilate ventilation 通风通风 borehole ，drill 钻孔钻孔 bunker(coal bin) 煤仓煤仓Skip 箕斗箕斗 cage 罐笼罐笼 conveyor 运输机运输机 belt conveyor 胶带运输机胶带运输机 AFC(Armored Face Conveyer) 刮板输送机刮板输送机

6、coal preparation 选煤选煤 Powered support，shield 液压支架drift entry， roadway ， gateroad 巷道巷道 crosscut 石门，横贯，捷径石门，横贯，捷径 methane， gas 甲烷甲烷 瓦斯瓦斯 drainage gob，goaf (mined out area) 采空区采空区 airway 风道风道 intake return 进风巷进风巷 回风巷回风巷stress-strain 应力应变应力应变 stress relief zone，de-stressed 应力解应力解除除room，underground room

7、井下硐室井下硐室underground pump room 井下水泵房井下水泵房underground sump 井下水仓井下水仓dispatchers room 调度室调度室 waiting room 候车室候车室 winch room 绞车房绞车房 first-aid room stale air 乏风乏风 fresh，intake air 新风新风 tail entry，head entry 回风回风 运输顺槽运输顺槽 heading 掘进头掘进头 rise 上山上山 opening 开切眼开切眼 timber 木支柱木支柱 prop, jack 支柱支柱 individual jack

8、s （prop） 单体支柱单体支柱Convergence 顶底板移近（闭合）顶底板移近（闭合） smooth 缓慢下沉缓慢下沉 （巷道）（巷道） free subsidence method （采场（采场）waste heap /spoil tip 矸石山矸石山 spontaneous combustion 自燃自燃 hoist 提升提升 gate road/drift/entry 巷道巷道 inclined gate 斜巷斜巷 inclined shaft 斜井斜井tectonic 构造的构造的 tectonic stress 构造应力构造应力 mining regulations safe

9、ty regulations 安全规程安全规程 rock/ underground pressure 矿山压力矿山压力Behavior of rock/ underground pressure 矿山矿山压力显现压力显现floor heave 底鼓底鼓 thin or medium-thick seam 中厚中厚 inclined seam 倾向倾向煤层煤层 sloping 倾斜煤层倾斜煤层 steep coal seam 急倾向煤层急倾向煤层 gently slopping 缓倾斜煤层缓倾斜煤层Floor heaving cracked roof 破碎顶板破碎顶板 fractured roo

10、f 断裂顶板断裂顶板 crush, crack spacing of main falls 放顶步距放顶步距 distance of roof fall winch 小绞车小绞车caving breaker props/breaker support 切顶切顶支柱支柱 withdrawal of support 回柱回柱 prop withdrawer 回柱绞车回柱绞车shield-type support 掩护式支架掩护式支架 chock support 垛式支架垛式支架Surveying 测量测量 surveying station 观测站观测站 mine surveying 矿山测量矿山

11、测量Elevation 标高标高; elevator，lift 电梯电梯transit 经纬仪经纬仪full caving method 全部垮落法全部垮落法 partial caving partial backfilling (packing)subsidence 下沉下沉 trough basin 下沉盆地下沉盆地surface structure（building） 地表建筑物地表建筑物surface movement and deformation 地表地表移动和变形移动和变形 Contour 等高线等高线下沉（下沉（Subsidence）、倾斜（）、倾斜（Slope）、曲率）、曲率

12、（Curvature）、水平移动（）、水平移动（Displacement）、水平变）、水平变形（形（Horizontal strain） aquifer 含水层含水层coal mining above a confined aquifer 承压水上采煤承压水上采煤protective pillar 保护煤柱保护煤柱barrier pillar 隔离煤柱隔离煤柱 Barrier pillarBarrier pillarRoomsRoomsMainsRoomsRoomsPanelPanelBarrier pillarBarrier pillarPanelPanelRoomsRoomsRoomsRo

13、omsangle of draw 移动角移动角 边界角边界角 draw angle of strata 边界角边界角surface cracks 地表裂缝地表裂缝Surface slope (incline) 地表倾斜地表倾斜 curvature 曲率曲率Surface Crack Overburden strata 上覆岩层上覆岩层overlying strata 上覆岩层上覆岩层structure damage 建筑物损害建筑物损害 recovery ratio 采出率、回采率采出率、回采率 backfilling mining method filling mining stowing

14、mining method 充填回采充填回采建建筑物下开采筑物下开采 (Mining under buildings) 铁路下开采铁路下开采 (Mining under railways) 水体下开采水体下开采 (Mining under water bodies)simultaneous extraction 同时开采同时开采 limited thickness extraction 限厚开采限厚开采 selected extraction 选择开采选择开采 continuous extraction 连续开采连续开采 land reclaimation technology 土地复垦技术土

15、地复垦技术 compressed air drill 风钻风钻 electric drill 电钻电钻 yielding support 可缩支架可缩支架 rigid support 刚性支架刚性支架 roof bolting 顶板锚杆顶板锚杆 resin bolting 树脂锚杆树脂锚杆auxiliary fans 局扇局扇 auxiliary shaft 副井副井 subsidiary shaft 副井副井 Main shaft 主井主井mine water drainage 矿井排水矿井排水Haulage， hoisting， lighting 运输、提升、照明运输、提升、照明 seam

16、 subject to rock burst 突出煤层突出煤层 spontaneous combustion seam 易自燃煤易自燃煤层层 rock burst 岩爆岩爆 、冲击地压、冲击地压 surrounding rock 围岩围岩first cost 初期投资初期投资multiple coal seam 多煤层多煤层subsoil 下层基岩下层基岩quarry 采场、采矿场、采石场采场、采矿场、采石场 horizon 区段、水平区段、水平horizontal washery 洗煤洗煤coal preparation plant development，Preparation， prod

17、uction systemhigh-productive&high efficient coal mine 高产高效矿井高产高效矿井ascending order descending mining 下行开采下行开采 coalification 煤化作用煤化作用 repairing shift development shift productive capacity，output 生产能力生产能力standby equipment 备用设备备用设备deplete 枯竭枯竭 采完采完extract/mine/exploit/win/work 开采开采 cantilever 悬臂梁悬臂梁

18、water-bearing ground 含水地层含水地层run-of-mine coalRaw 原煤原煤washed coal ，clean coal rock mechanics 岩石力学岩石力学 dummy road 盲巷盲巷 safety pillar 安全煤柱安全煤柱 fossil fuel 化石燃料化石燃料 tensile stress field（ zone ） 拉应力区拉应力区Compressive stress field rock mechanics in coal mining 煤矿岩石力学煤矿岩石力学Rock pressure 岩石压力岩石压力 rock mass 岩体

19、 behavior of rock pressure 矿山压力显现矿山压力显现rock strata control (ground control) 岩岩层控制层控制 Stress- Strain 应力应力,应变应变 elastic deformation 弹性变形弹性变形 plastic deformation 塑性变形塑性变形rheology of rock 岩石（体）流变性岩石（体）流变性 virgin rockmass/initial rockmass 原岩（体）原岩（体） virgin stress of rockmass 原岩应力原岩应力initial stress of roc

20、kmass原岩应力原岩应力 virgin stress field of rockmass initial stress field of rockmass原岩应力场原岩应力场stress in surrounding rock围岩应力围岩应力stress-concentrated zone 应力增高区应力增高区 virgin stress zone（field）initial stress zone 原岩应力区原岩应力区coefficient of stress concentration 应力集中系数应力集中系数Support 支架、支撑支架、支撑partial caving method

21、 局部垮落法局部垮落法pillar support method 煤柱支撑法煤柱支撑法 weak ( soft) strata 松软岩层松软岩层hard strata 坚硬岩层坚硬岩层 unstable roof 不稳定顶板不稳定顶板 load of support 支架载荷支架载荷 medium stable roof 中等稳定顶板中等稳定顶板 stable roof 稳定顶板稳定顶板 hard roof; strong roof 坚硬顶板坚硬顶板classification of roof 顶板分类顶板分类classifysetting load 初撑力初撑力 yield load 额定工作阻力额定工作阻力 support load 支护阻力支护阻力 prop density 支柱密度支柱密度supporting density; 支护密度支护密度supporting intensity支护强度支护强度 rib spalling 片帮片帮impact load 冲击载荷冲击载荷coal rib spallingfirst weighting 初次来压初次来压 periodic weighting