句子成分和语态(共3页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构一、句子的基本结构（5种）1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表

2、示主语的性质、状态和特征。（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。练习：划分

3、下列句子成分。1He likes dancing. 2.He is a teacher.3.The food smells delicious. 4.Are you afraid of the snake? 5.He gave me a book yesterday6.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.7.We will make them happy. 8.Dont let him do that. 9.He asked her to take the boy out of school. 10.Ai Yanling is a

4、 chemistry teacher 11.He is our friend. 12.The man over there is my old friend13.I will go there tomorrow. 14.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.15. He began to learn English when he was eleven.16.The meat went bad because of the hot weather17.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the e

5、xam. 18.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?动词的语态1A new road _ near my s

6、chool next year.(2016，北京AbuildsBwill build Cis built Dwill be built2Paper _ first _ about 2，000 years ago in China.(2016，天津) Ais；creating Bis；created Chas；created Dwas；created3Students do less homework now.Usually it _ before 9 o'clock in the evening.(2016，重庆) Afinishes Bfinished Cis finished Dw

7、as finished4。He Jiang _ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. Ainvites Binvited Cis invited Dwas invited5Football _ to our school subjects last year.(2016，陕西)Ais addedBadds Cwas added Dadded6Why does the earth look blue in space?Because most of the earth's

8、 surface _ by water.Acovers Bis covered Ccover Dare covered7 Children should _ to be honest from a young age.(2016，青岛)Aeducate Bbe educated Cpunish Dbe punished8The books _ well. Asell Bsells Cis sold Dare selling 9The novel _ by many people today.(2015，天津)Ais readBare read Creads Dwere read10.Did J

9、ack come to our party yesterday?No，he _.(2015，克拉玛依)Adidn't invite Bwasn't invited Cisn't invited Dhasn't invited11These model cars _ in China in 2013.(2016，原创)Aare made Bwere made Cmake Dmade12.You can't wear shoes inside this place.It _.(2016，张掖模拟)Adoesn't allow Bisn't a

10、llowed Chasn't allowed Dwasn't allowed13Tourists' bad behavior _by the government in our country from now on.(2016，平凉)Awill record Bwill be recorded Crecords Dis recorded14.Nowadays Chinese _ by more and more people all over the world. A. is spoken B. was spoken C. speaks15Now smart phon

11、es _ in many ways in our daily life.(2016，长沙)Aare usedBis usedCare using16You are not supposed to go to a family party unless you _ to in the US.(2016，成都)Aare not invited Bare invited Cwill be invited17I plan to build an unusual home.It _ out of old things.(2016，江西)Ais builtBhas built Cwas built Dwi

12、ll be built18Every year many trees _ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.(2016，泸州)Aplant Bhave planted Care planted Dwere planted把下列句子变为被动语态1.Grandpa buys a newspaper every day. 2.We use computers to search information.3. The teacher often repeats the story4. We should allow teenagers to have their own ideas. 5. You mustnt take photos in the museum. 6.Tom cleaned the room last night7.They will buy a new book.8.He did his homework yesterday把下列句子变为主动句。1.Tea is