虚拟语气(顺口溜)ppt课件

1、高三英语语法高三英语语法十二十二虚拟语气虚拟语气1一一. .虚拟语气的类型虚拟语气的类型1 1、实践意义上的虚拟语气。、实践意义上的虚拟语气。They talked as if they had been friends for years.They talked as if they had been friends for years.2 2、虚拟语气方式。、虚拟语气方式。The order was that we (should) stay where we were.The order was that we (should) stay where we were.2二二. .实践意义

2、上的虚拟语气实践意义上的虚拟语气1 1、小小顺口溜、小小顺口溜虚拟语气并不难虚拟语气并不难, , 从句时态都提早从句时态都提早, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，留意动词要复原。加在前，留意动词要复原。省略省略if if要倒装要倒装e.g. e.g. 1 1If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms.If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms.2 2 If we had left earlier, we wouldn If we had left earlier, we wou

3、ldnt have missed the train.t have missed the train.3 3 I wish I were as clever as you I wish I were as clever as you32 2、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用所述情况所述情况 if if 从句从句 主句主句 与过去相与过去相反反if + if + 主语主语 + had done+ had done主语主语 + would/ could/ might/should + + would/ could/ might/should + have done have do

4、ne 与现在相与现在相反反 if + if + 主语主语 + did+ did（bebe动词用动词用werewere）主语主语 +would/ could/ might/should + +would/ could/ might/should + do do 与将来相与将来相反反 if + if + 主语主语 + did+ didif + if + 主语主语 + were to + do+ were to + doif + if + 主语主语 + should + do+ should + do主语主语+ would/ could/ might/should do+ would/ could/

5、 might/should do4此表中需求留意几点：此表中需求留意几点：1 1bebe动词在表示与如今现实相反的从句中普通用动词在表示与如今现实相反的从句中普通用werewere。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也用用waswas。如：。如：If he were/was you, he would go at once.If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2主句中的主句中的shouldshould通常用于第一人称，通常用于第一人称，would, couldwould, could以及以及mightm

6、ight可以用于各种人称。可以用于各种人称。3 3在表示与未来现实相反的条件句中，只能用在表示与未来现实相反的条件句中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could和和mightmight等。如：等。如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用rained, were to rainrained, were to

7、 rain替替代代54 4、主句和、主句和if if条件句时态不一致单独虚拟。如：条件句时态不一致单独虚拟。如：If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.If you were in better health, we wo

8、uld have allowed you to join them in the work.6含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需求，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现有时为了表达的需求，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if if引导的条件句，而经过其他手段来替代条件句。引导的条件句，而经过其他手段来替代条件句。1 1用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, without, but forwith, without, but for等。如：等。如：We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your

9、 help). We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your help). What would you do with a million dollars?What would you do with a million dollars?But for the rainBut for the rain=If it hadnt been for the rain=If it hadnt been for the rain, we would have finished the work. , we would

10、 have finished the work. 72. 2. 假设的情况又是可以经过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：假设的情况又是可以经过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：1 1He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.2 2I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,)I was ill

11、 that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,)but, otherwisebut, otherwise衔接的两个并列的分句存在单独虚拟景象，即：一个分句为虚拟句，另一个分句为衔接的两个并列的分句存在单独虚拟景象，即：一个分句为虚拟句，另一个分句为真实句。真实句。83 3It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)It would be a mistake

12、not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)Anyone in her position would have done the same.Anyone in her position would have done the same.有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。4 4Suppose we told her the truth.Suppose we told her the truth.5 5Imagine your child played tr

13、uant.Imagine your child played truant.9省略省略if if的情况的情况假设从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词假设从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could 时，可省略时，可省略if if，把从句中，把从句中的的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主语前构成倒装构造。如：提到其主语前构成倒装构造。如：Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we migh

14、t have succeeded.Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Should there be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, wha

15、t should we do?103 3、实践意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的运用、实践意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的运用从句时态都提早从句时态都提早wishwish后后thatthat引导的宾语从句中。如：引导的宾语从句中。如：I wish I were as clever as you. I wish I were as clever as you. I wish he would try again. I wish he would try again. 表示与未来现实相反表示与未来现实相反as ifas ifthoughthough引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中。如：引导的表语从句或方式状语

16、从句中。如：He looks as if/though he were an artist.He looks as if/though he were an artist. 11would ratherwould rather后的宾语从句中。后的宾语从句中。 would ratherwould rather后不能加后不能加thatthat。 从句谓语用普经过去时来表示与如今或未来要做的相反的事情，用过去完成时来表示与过去发生从句谓语用普经过去时来表示与如今或未来要做的相反的事情，用过去完成时来表示与过去发生的相反的事情。如：的相反的事情。如： Id rather you didnt go th

17、ere.(Id rather you didnt go there.(与未来相反与未来相反Id rather we had a rest now. Id rather we had a rest now. 与如今相反与如今相反Id rather you had been here yesterday. Id rather you had been here yesterday. 与过去相反与过去相反If onlyIf only引导的感慨句中。如：引导的感慨句中。如：If only I were a bird. If only I were a bird. 我要是只鸟就好了。我要是只鸟就好了。1

18、2三三. .虚拟语气方式虚拟语气方式1) 1)复合句中含有复合句中含有suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建议、安排建议、安排demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, ( (要求、盼望要求、盼望insist, orderinsist, order坚持、命令坚持、命令等等, ,以及其派生词以及其派生词 如：如：suggestion, advi

19、ceidea) suggestion, adviceidea) 复合句中所含有的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用复合句中所含有的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his sug

20、gestion that we (should) give up the plan. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 13留意：当留意：当suggestsuggest作作“暗示、阐明讲，暗示、阐明讲，insistinsist作作“坚持说讲，即坚持现实是怎样时，后边坚持说讲，即坚持现实是怎样时，后边thatthat从句不用从句不用虚拟语气。如：虚拟语气。如：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. Mike insisted that he

21、 had never stolen anything. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. 142) 2) 在在It is + It is + 描画词描画词(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用用shou

22、ld do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3 3在在It is/was a pityIt is/was a pitya shame, no wonder, etc. a shame, no wonder, etc. + that + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用should do, s

23、hould do, should should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：It was a pity that our team should lose the game. It was a pity that our team should lose the game. 当然上面当然上面2) 2) 、 3) 3)两类的两类的thatthat从句中也可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈说语气。如：从句中也可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈说语气。如：It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant dance. It is a pity that you cant dance. 154) It is4) It ishigh/abouthigh/abouttimetimethat sb. didthat sb. did句式中常用动词的过去式。句式中常用动词的过去式。此句型表示此句型表示“该该，用来表示提议。如：，用来表示提议。如：It is high time we started out. It is high time we started out. 5) 5) 以以in order that, so th