名词变复数讲解及练习

1、名词变复数讲解及练习1. 名词名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个 （些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如 Beijing ，China 等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如： book ， sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如： family 。3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air 。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概 念，如： work 。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物 质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不

2、可数名词。1.1 名词复数的规则变化情况一般情况构成方法加 -s 以 s, sh, ch, x 等结尾加 -es以 ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s 以辅音字母 +y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 es读音清辅音后读 /s/浊辅音和元音后读 /z/读 /iz/读 /iz/读 /z/ 例词map-mapsbag-bags /car-carsbus-buses/ watch-watches license-licenses baby-babies1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以 y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母 +y 结尾的名词变复the Henrys数时，直接加 s 变复数。例如： two

3、 Marysmonkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2) 以 o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加 s，如： photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zoos；b. 加 es，如： potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoesc. 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可， 如 zero-zeros / zeroes。3) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加 s，如： belief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf-gulfs ；b. 去 f,fe 加 ves，如： half-halv

4、es knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves ；c. 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可， 如 handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。1.3 名词复数的不规则变化foot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women1) child-children 注意： 由一个词加 man 或 woman 构成的合成词， 其复数形 式也是 -men 和 -women，如 an Englishman，two Englis

5、hmen 。 但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans； Bowman 是姓，其复数是 the Bowmans 。2) 单复同形，如 deer， sheep， fish ， Chinese， Japanese ， li ， jin ， yuan， two li ， three mu，four jin 等。但除人民币的 元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 。3) 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a

6、people，a police ，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English ，the British ，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese， the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如 The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4) 以 s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths， politics ，physics 等学科名词，一般是不可数名词， 为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the

7、 United States， the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是 1945 年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为 单数。例如："The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 一千零 一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西， 如：glasses（ 眼镜） trousers, clothes 等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双） ;suit（套）

8、 ; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思， 如： goods 货物， waters 水域， fishes（各种）鱼。1.4 不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较： Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数） These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel. （不可数）We need various

9、 steels. （可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations 四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如 glass of water 一杯水 / a piece of advice 一则建议。5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会 stu

10、dents reading-room 学生阅览 室talks table 谈判桌the foreignlanguages department 外语系2) man, woman, gentleman 等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰 的名词的单复数而定。例如：gentlemenmen workers women teachersofficials3) 有些原有 s 结尾的名词，作定语时， s 保留。例如：arms produce 武clothes brushgoods train (货车)器生产customs papers 海关文件衣刷4) 数词 +名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式例如： t

11、wo-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计 划1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数 复数中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人the Italians an

12、Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germanstwo Germans 英国

13、人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes1.7 名词的格英语中有些名词可以加 "'s" 来表示所有关系， 带这种词尾 的名词形式称为该名词的所有格， 如：a teacher's book。名词 所有格的规则如下：1) 单数名词词尾加 "'s" ，复数名词词尾没有 s，也要加 "'s" ， 如 the boy's bag 男孩的书包， men's room 男厕所。2) 若名词已有复数词尾

14、 -s ，只加 " ' " ，如： the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。3) 凡不能加 "'s"的名词，都可以用 "名词+of +名词"的结构来 表示所有关系，如： the title of the song 歌的名字。4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的 后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如： the barber's 理发店。5) 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示 "分别有 "；只 有一个 's，则表示 '共有

15、'。例如：John and Mary's room（John's and Mary's rooms（两间）间）6）复合名词或短语， 's 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如： a month or two's absence1.8 练习1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his.alittle wageb. few wage c. wage d.wages2. Most of the houses in the

16、village were burnt to duringthe war.a. an ashb. the ashc. ashd. ashes3. The students at colleges or universities are making forthe coming New Year.a. many preparationsb. much preparationc.preparationsd. preparation4. Painting in is one of their spare-time activities.a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the o

17、iloil he5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn' ta.muchb. lots ofc. a great deal ofd.many6. The large houses are being painted, but .a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense7. The room was small and contained far too .a.much new furniturec. m

18、uch new furnituresb. many new furnitured. many new furnitures8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the .a. rooms number b. room number c. room 's numbersd. room numbers9. Computers can do work in a short time, but a man cannot do by himself.a great many man

19、yb. a great deal of much 10.She didn 't know _a. how many information informationsc. much a great deald. many a great many he had been given.c. how manyb.the number of information d. how muchinformation11. He invited all of his to join his wedding rade-in-armsc. ra

20、des-in-armsd. comrade-in-arm12. All the in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman doctor13. After ten years, all these youngsters became.a. growns-ups c. growns-up b. grown-up d. grown-ups14. The police investigated those about the accident.a.st

21、ander-byc. standers-byb.stander-bysd. standers-bys15. The Nazi kept those in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war b.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war16. The manager was greatly appreciate that made byLinda lately.a.new reelb. news reelc. new-reels d.news reels17. Mary &

22、#39;s dress is similar in appearance to her .a. elder sister b. elder sister'cs. elder sistersd. elder sisters dress18. All the people at the conference are .a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teachers teachersb. mathematics teachers d. mathematic19. Professor Mackay told us that of lead are

23、its softnessand its resistance.a.some propertyc. propertiesb.some propertiesd. property20. Physics with matter and motion.a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are21. He has written several books, but his last works wellknown among his friends.a. have b. have beenc. isd. are22. After he checked up my heart

24、, the doctor advisedhim to rest for a few days.a.father-in- law ' sc. father -in'-laswb. father-in- lawd. father -in'- lsaw 's23. He told me would come to his birthday party.a.many Jack friendsc. many Jack 's friendb.Jack 's many friends d. many friends of Jack's24.I had

25、my hair cut at the around the corner.a.barber b. barbers c. barber 's d. barbers '25. Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at .a.Peter and Helen 's c. Peter and Helenb.Peter and Helens d. Peter 's and Helen 's26. receives only a small portion of the total amount ofthe sun &#

26、39;s energy.a.The earth 's surfacec. The surface of earthb. The surface earthd. The earthsurface27. Numerous materials are available to friend of John 'sa.today of designer sc. today ' s ofdesignersb. today 's designersd. todaydesigners28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Don an o

27、ld friend of ?t you know he isa.my brother b. my brothers c. mybrother 's d. my brother 's friend29. is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything youwant to know.a. This John 's old friend old friendc. That 's Jahn 'sb.This old friend of Johnd. This old30. is too much for a l

28、ittle boy to carry.a.A bike 's weightc. The weight of a bikeb.The weights of a biked. Bile 's weight31. Generally there are television programs for childrenon Saturday.a. little b. muchc. a large number ofd. a large amount of32. When they got to the lecture-room, there were left.a.only few s

29、eatsb. a very few seatsc.only a few seats d. so a few seats33. travels faster when the zip code is indicated on theenvelope.a. A little mailb. A piece of mailc. A maild. A small mail34. The Department purchased to improve the workingconditions there.a. a new equipment c. new equipments b.a new piece

30、 of equipmentd. new pieces ofequipments35. The boy tried hard but there has been in his work.a.little improvementc. many improvementsb.a little improvementd. few improvements36. Today 's modern TV cameras require light ascompared with the earlier models.a. only a few b. only fewc. only a littled

31、. only little37. No country can afford to neglect .a. an educationb. educationsc. educationd. the education38. Please write the answers to the questions at the end ofa. eighth chapter b. chapter eightc. eightchapter d. chapter the eightand apes39. is only surpassed by that of monkeys'a.The intel

32、ligent dogc. Theintelligence of dogsb.The dogs whose intelligenced. The dogs beingintelligent40. All must take the graduate Management AdmissionTest.a. business student b. business 's studentcs. business students d. business 's student41. anywhere in the United States costs less than a dolla

33、rwhen you dial it yourself.a.Three minutes callc. A three-minutes callb.Three-minute calld. A three-minute call42. The about nuclear energy revolves around the wasteproblem.a. public 's chief concern c. chief public concernb. public chief concern d. chief concern of public 's43. the first an

34、d largest ethnic group to work on theconstruction of the transcontinental railroad.a. Chinese wereb. The Chinese wasc. Chinesewas d. The Chinese were44. can get a better view of the game than theparticipants.a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-onsc. Lookers-ons45. A group of spectators was disperse

35、d by the police who at the scene of the accidents within minutes.a. were b. have been c. was d. has been46.Our livestock not as numerous as they used to be.a. is b. are c. be d. been 47.One of the most surprising things is that may comefrom petroleum.a.much of tomorrow foodc. many oftomorrow 's

36、foodb.much of the food of tomorrowd. much oftomorrow 's food48.Scott is an orphan but he received .a.very good educationc. a verygood educationb.very good educationsd. manygood educations49. After several day's hardworking, we have made onthe design.a.much improvementc. manyimprovementb.seve

37、ral improvementsd. someimprovement50. The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a yesterday.a. shoes shop b. shoe shopc. shoes 's shopd. shoe 's51. Eggs, though nourishing, have of fat content.a.large numberb. a large numberc. a highamountd. the high amount52.

38、He has done some on that subject from variousangles over the past ten years.a.research b. a researchc. researchesd. the researches53. Recently, he has lost all his c. wages andd. wages anda. wage and saving at card saving at card b. wages and savings at card savings at cards54. The country 'easl

39、t hw comes chiefly from its many .a.herd of cattleb. heard of cattlesc. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles55.In Britain the are all painted red.a. letter boxesb. letters boxc. lettersboxes d. letters ' s box56. Ten years had passed. I found she had .a.a little white hairc. a few white hairb.som

40、e white haird. much white hair57. All his far from satisfaction d. conducts will bea.conduct isb. conduct arec. conducts is58. Although the town had been attacked by the storm severaltimes, was done.a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damaged. a little damage59. He was what to do.a.at his wit

41、endb. at his wits endc. at hiswit 's end d. at his wits 's end60. Would you like to have a cup of tea and with me?a two toastsb. two pieces of toast c. two piece oftoastsd. tow pieces of toasts61. Accurate covering the fact are not obtainable.a. datumb. datumsc. data d. datas62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a