Web服务器ngin虚拟主机与反向代理

1、Web服务器nginx虚拟主机与反向代理web 服务器 -nginxweb服务器简介：apache , web服务器：访问网页，查找、浏览信息。蜘蛛程序一网络爬虫常见的web服务器：apachelighttpdn gi nxtomcatIIS介绍nginx :高性能的http服务器和反向代理服务器（web加速）,运行在类unix和windows上为什么选择 nginx ?处理速度快，占用的资源少apache里的模块是动、静结合;在nginx里面，都是静态的。支持热部署可以7x24不间断运行书写的代码质量很高，也很规范问题：俄国人写的，一些官方资料，文档比较少。安装之前：1、准备工作：1) ap

2、ache是停止的，释放80端口nginx2) 添加一个普通用户，出于安全的目的使用这个普通用户去运行# useradd -M -s /sbin/no logi n www默认使用的是nobody 这个用户。2、开始安装rootlocalhost l nmp# tar zxvf n gi nx-x.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/安装nginx所需的软件包支持正则表达式(1) PCRE： Perl 库，Perl Compatible Regular Expressionsrootlocalhost nginx# cd pcre-8.10rootlocalhost pcre-8.

3、10# lsrootlocalhost pcre-8.10# ./c on figurerootlocalhost pcre-8.10# makerootlocalhost pcre-8.10# make in stall(2)安装 nginxrootlocalhostngi nx-0.8.46#./c on figure-user=www-group=www-prefix=/usr/local/ngi nx-with-http_stub_status_module -with-http_ssl_module-user-group-prefix-with-http_stub_status_mo

4、dule状态模块-with-http_ssl_module支持 httpsyum in stall -y ope nssl-develrootlocalhost nginx-0.8.46# makerootlocalhost ngi nx-0.8.46# make in stallrootlocalhost nginx-0.8.46# cd /usr/local/nginx/rootlocalhost ngin x# lsconf html logs sbin启动服务：rootlocalhost n gi nx# ./sb in/nginx -c conf/ngin x.c onfrootlo

5、calhost nginx# n etstat -antp | grep 80tcp00 :80:* LISTEN 19449/ngi nx.c onf访问:Welcome to nginx! OK解读配置文件：rootlocalhost conf# pwd/usr/local/nginx/confrootlocalhost conf# vim ngin x.c onf12 user www;3 worker_processes 1; #开启的进程数，与 CPU的核数一致，查看CPU的信息:rootlocalhost html# cat /proc/cpu info

6、5 #error_log logs/error.log;错误日志6 #error_log logs/error.log no tice;7 #error_log logs/error.log info;redhat 5man 5 syslog.c onfredhat 6man 5 rsyslog.c onf ?9 #pidlogs/ngi nx.pid;*12 events 13 use epoll;#指定nginx使用高效的工作模式14 worker_connections1024;#每个进程能够处理的最大连接数15 能够处理的最大连接数=worker_processes x worker_

7、c onnectionsuse epoll; 指定nginx的工作模式默认使用的是select和pollepoll 2.6内核之后，某些发行版，比如SUSE、redhat支持epoll模型# un ame -rlinux 和redhat 和 windows 有没有可比性？其他的发行版，要想使用高效模式：kqueue BSD系列MacOS等# cat /etc/issueRed Hat En terprise Li nux Server release 5.5 (Tika nga)18http 192022-26282931323436373839404142in eludemime.types

8、;#文件的扩展名和文件类型default_type applicatio n/octet-stream; #文件的类型默认是二进制访问日志sen dfileon;#开启高效的文件传输模式#tcp_nopushon; #防止网络阻塞#keepalive_timeout 0;#长连接的超时时间，秒keepalive_timeout65;#gzip on;#开启gzip压缩传输数据server liste n80;server_ namelocalhost;#charset koi8-r; # 字符集#access_log logs/host.access .log main;4344 locati

9、on / 45 root html; = docume ntroot46 in dexin dex.html in dex.htm;页面文件的名字47 虚拟主机：基于域名的虚拟主机。FQDNDocume ntrootww1. ngi /htdocs/ww1ww2. ngi /htdocs/ww2default/htdocs/default- /logs(raidO)日志迁移: 从 /usr/local/nginx/logs# mkdir -p /htdocs/ww1,ww2,default -v注意权限： www 进去 xrootlocalhost conf# cd /htdocs/ww1ro

10、otlocalhost ww1# echo ww1. ngin in dex.htmlrootlocalhost ww1# cd ./ww2rootlocalhost ww2# echo ww2. ngin in dex.htmlrootlocalhost ww2# cd ./default/rootlocalhost default# echo default .ngin in dex.html测试配置文件是否正确：rootlocalhost ngin x# ./sb in/nginx-tthe configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.c

11、onf syntax is okconfiguration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful重启：用kill命令给nginx的pid传递一个信号，让它重新读取配置文件rootlocalhost n gi nx# cat logs/ngin x.pid19449nginx的平滑重启：rootlocalhost nginx# kill -HUP 19449客户端测试：vim /etc/hosts添加53ww1. ngi 53ww2. ngi 打开浏览器：. ngi ww1.

12、ngin . ngin ww2. ngin /default .ngin nginx的日志管理错误日志：nginx出问题，查看错误日志，排错访问日志：查看有哪些客户端来访问自己log_format ww1 $remote_addr - $remote_user $time_local $request$status $body_bytes_se nt $http_referer$http_user_age nt $http_x_forwarded_for;access_log logs/ww1.log ww1;1. Iog_format指定日志的格式log_format n ame forma

13、t$remote_addr 禾口 $http_x_forwarded_for: i己录 ip 地址 *$remote_user :记录客户端的用户名称$time_local :记录访问时间和时区*$request :记录请求的URL和HTTP协议$status :记录请求状态$body_bytes_sent:记录发送给客户端的文件的主体内容的大小$http_referer :记录从哪个页面链接过来的$http_user_age nt :记录客户端浏览器的信息2. access_log指定日志的存放路径问题：日志轮替写一个日志轮替的脚本，结合计划任务。1周替换一个新的日志文件？农场和斗地主斗地主

14、：server ip : rootlocalhost si# yum in stall -y httpd mysql-server php php-mysqlrootlocalhost html# pwd/var/www/htmlrootlocalhost html# lsddzrootlocalhost html# chmod -R 777 ddz/rootlocalhost html# /etc/i nit.d/mysqld startmysql create database ddz;mysql grant all on ddz.* to ddzuserlocalhost identif

15、ied by 123456;mysql flush privileges;rootlocalhost html# vim +391 /etc/httpd/c on f/httpd.co nfrootlocalhost html# /etc/i nit.d/httpd restart网页安装:服务器：localhost数据库：ddzDB 帐号:ddzuserDB 密码：123456QQ农场：server ip : rootlocalhost s1# yum in stall -y httpd mysql-server php php-mysqlrootlocalhost Desktop# lsf

16、lash-plugin-5-release.i386.rpmqq 农场.ziprootlocalhost Desktop# unzip qq 农场.zip -d /var/www/html/rootlocalhost html# pwd/var/www/htmlrootlocalhost html# mv upload/ qqrootlocalhost html# Isddz qqrootlocalhost html# chmod -R 777 qqrootlocalhost html# /etc/i nit.d/mysqld startmysql create datab

17、ase qq;mysql grant all on qq.* to qquserlocalhost identified by 123456;mysql flush privileges;rootlocalhost html# vim +391 /etc/httpd/c on f/httpd.co nfrootlocalhost html# /etc/i nit.d/httpd restartrootlocalhost qq# pwd/var/www/html/qqrootlocalhost qq# mysql qq 静态页面 index.html/htdocs/ww1/i ndex.html

18、location /index.html写在虚拟主机里：location /index.html deny all;写完了别忘了重启服务。location /index.html return 404;location /.*.html$ return 404;rootlocalhost ww1# pwd/htdocs/ww1rootlocalhost ww1# lsin dex.htmlrootlocalhost ww1# echo 123 123.htmlrootlocalhost ww1# echo 456 456.htmllocation /123.html rewrite A/123

19、.html$ . ngi in dex.jsp asp?asdhka903249871fsdain dex.jsp?.*反向代理+负载均衡软件7层 负载均衡：nginxL7SW( layer 7 )酉己置nginx :http upstream uplook #定义一个 server_pool , 里面有一组服务器server 02;#这是 3 个 apache 的 ipserver 03;server 04;server liste n80;locati on / proxy_pass;timeoutproxy_ next_u

20、pstreamhttp_500 http_502 http_503 errorin valid_header;in elude /usr/local/ngi nx/con f/proxy.c onf;rootlocalhost conf# vim proxy.c onfproxy_redirect off;proxy_set_header Host $host;#设置由后端服务器获取用户的主机名ip地址proxy_set_header X-Real_IP $remote_addr;#设置后端服务器获取用户的真实proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;#设置有后端服务器获取代理者的真实ipclie nt_body_buffer_size 128k;#用于指疋客户端请求主体缓冲区大小proxy_c onn