现在完成时课件

1、2021/6/161现在完成时现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense2021/6/162一、构成:have/has+动词动词过去分词过去分词2021/6/163二、含义:(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.2021/6/164句式构成句式构成1.肯定句肯定句:S(主语）+have/has(助动词）+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。2021/6/1652. 否定句否定句:S ( 语语)+have/has+not +PP(过

2、过去分词去分词)+(其他）。其他）。2021/6/1663.一般疑问句一般疑问句Have/has+ S (主语主语)+PP(过去分过去分词词)? Yes, S+have/has.No, S+have/hasnt.2021/6/167（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day. I havent seen him since his wedding day .Have you seen him since his wedding day?2021/6/168 He has written to me since I have

3、been ill.(改为一般疑问句) Has he written to you since you have been ill? He hasnt written to me since I have been ill2021/6/169不规则动词原型不规则动词原型- -过去式过去式- -过去分词形式：过去分词形式：1 1） AAAAAA型型( (三种都一样三种都一样) )如：如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如如: : bring-brought

4、-brought catch caught caught lead led led 2021/6/16103 3） ABCABC型型( (三种都不一样三种都不一样) ) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4 4）ABA型型(原形与过去分词相同原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run 2021/6/16111. 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别现在完成时中标志词的用法区别1.Already肯定句肯定句: 句中句中(

5、助后实前助后实前)/句末句末 “己经己经”一般疑问句一般疑问句: 句末句末(表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气) “难道难道” Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常见) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already?2021/6/1612注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.2021/6/16132. yet在

6、现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?2021/6/1614注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末. Eg. I have already done my homework.否定句否定句: :一般疑问句一般疑问句: :I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?2021

7、/6/1615 3. ever在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句 : 句中句中 “曾经曾经” Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? 2021/6/16164. never在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句: 句中句中 “从来没有从来没有”Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.2021/6/1617注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”Eg. He

8、has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:Have they ever travelled by train?No, never.He has never made dumplings.2021/6/16185. just在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句中句中, 表示表示“刚刚刚刚”Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?2021/6/16196. before在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句末句末, 表示表示“以前以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. H

9、as she ridden a bike before ?2021/6/1620 (定义二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.2021/6/16211.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间一段时间2021/6/16222. since +从句(一般过去时) 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5

10、 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.2021/6/1623注: 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 绝不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?2021/6/1624注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导

11、的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years. 2021/6/1625短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换2021/6/16265.短暂动词和短暂动词和延续动词转换延续动词转换瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget married2021/6/1627瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词put onget

12、 upwake upfall asleepjoinarrive/reach2021/6/1628 have /has been tohave /has been to，have / has gone tohave / has gone to， have / has been inhave / has been in的用法区别的用法区别 1 “ Have /has been to+地名地名 ”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once 、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2 “ have / has gone to +地名地名 ”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点

13、。3 “ have / has been in +地名地名 ”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态巧记 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记清； have / has been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行； have / has gone to + 地点，到某地去了已走远。 have / has been in +地名， 已经在某地了。2021/6/1629Since句式：句式：It is +一段时间一段时间 +since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) =一段时间一段时间+has passed+since + 句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) Eg. I

14、t is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.2021/6/1630（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在

15、不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。用。2021/6/1631He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自自1999年以来他一直住在北京。年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在在1999年的时候他在北京住过。年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否住在北京不知道）2021/6/1632用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）（注意时态） 1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_

16、you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week. Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been2021/6/1633不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA: put put put le

17、tlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten2021/6/1634AAA cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-rea

18、d，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 2021/6/1635有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA2021/6/1636原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-oug

19、ht-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词含规则动词)2021/6/16371.另有一些其它形式的变化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)AB