微观经济学c12 13微观经济学答疑课ppt课件

1、C12 13 微观经济学答疑课微观经济学答疑课王一帆;C12 outline1.收入&财富2.消费要素要素市场 要素需求要素供应;1.收入收入&财富财富 收入 vs 财富 收入是流量概念flow variable 个人收入=市场收入+转移支付 收入指的是一定时期内通常为一年的工资、利润、租 金、利息和其他有价物品的流入.一切收入的总和是国民收入 财富是存量概念stock variable 财富wealth人们在某一时点所拥有的资产的货币净值。 洛伦兹曲线与基尼系数;4The Lorenz Curve;5 ;6 ;2.消费要素 要素市场 1. 要素需求 2.边沿收益产品 要素需求

2、曲线 3.要素供应;2.消费要素消费要素1.企业的劳动需求曲线派生需求弹性取决于？回想产品市场 替代品、工资占企业收入比例、与企业的产品需求曲线相关派生需求如何使企业的劳动需求曲线右移？ 替代品价钱提高、技术提高留意：技术和劳动绝不是矛盾的存在！、企业消费的产品价钱上升;2.消费要素消费要素2.MPR: The marginal revenue product (MRP) of output A is the additional revenue produced by an additional unit of input A. MPR=MR*MP完全竞争市场：MPR=P*MPWagemar

3、ginal product of laborRentmarginal product of land;10Least Cost Rules Because of Because of andandMRP of factorMP of factorMRPrice of factorMRP of factorMP of laborMP of landPrice of laborPrice of landMarginal revenue111;11Marginal Revenue Products and the Demand for Factors The demand for labor is

4、derived from the marginal revenue product of labor.Labor inputsMarginal Revenue product;123.Determination of Factor Prices By Supply and Demand The equilibrium price of the input in a market at that level where the quantities supplied and demanded are equal.Factor QuantityFactor QuantityPrice of Fac

5、torSupply CurvePrice of FactorDemand CurveSupply Curve;The market for doctors and workersSSDD劳动供应劳动供应劳动供应劳动供应每小时收入每小时收入每小时收入每小时收入E外科医生市场外科医生市场快餐工人市场快餐工人市场;Factor Supply and Derived Demand Interact to Determine Factor Prices and Income Distribution;完全竞争市场的要素平衡价钱15要素数量要素数量要素价钱要素价钱DS要素数量要素数量PAggregate

6、Market Individual Firm 要素价钱要素价钱D;边沿产品收益=边沿收益*边沿产品=劳动力工资率;SL:rL=rL(L)r1r2r3EcE1E2E3VMPrLLrcMFCMRPL3 L1OL2Lc;21n一厂商运用两种要素：劳动L和资本K。其消费函数为：Q=60*L0.5*K0.5。产品的需求为Q=243*106*P-3。对厂商的劳动供应为L=64*3-1*1012*W3，W为每个工人的年工资，试问：n1短期资本固定为2500单位，厂商到达利润最大化时工人人数、工资、产量和价钱n2假设资本在完全竞争市场可以购买，那么当资本价钱为多少的时候，1中的短期平衡也将同时变生长期平衡？;

7、C13劳动市场Fundamentals of wage determinationThe general wage level1.Demand for labor2.The supply of laborLabor market issues and policies3.Wage differentials4.Labor union5.Discrimination;1.工资决议实际工资决议实际1 Real Wage represents the purchasing power of an hours work, or the money wages divided by the cost l

8、iving.2劳动需求决议要素：劳动需求决议要素：投入要素的边沿消费率投入要素的边沿消费率 技术技术 人力资本人力资本配合消费的资本品配合消费的资本品;24Marginal Product Principles Determine Factor Distribution of IncomeQuantity of LaborMarginal product of laborMarginal Product, Wage RateSupply of LaborWageRent;2.劳动供应劳动供应影响劳动供应要素labor force participationhours workedthe rat

9、e of immigration;Backward Bending Curve26Income effectSub effectIncome effectSub effectp248;劳工市场政策问题劳工市场政策问题 4.工资差别： 补偿性工资Compensating Differentials 人力资本Human Capital 个人才干经济租金Ability And Economic Rent 分割市场Non-competing Groups;284.公会; 5.歧视问题 Statistical Discrimination occurs because of the interplay between incomplete information and perverse incentives, in which individuals are tre