lecture9大学英语专业英译汉课件

1、Lecture 9: The unit of translationThe unit of translation Translation Skill: transformation of parts of speech(2) Translation Appreciation I What is translation unit?A term used to refer to the linguistic level at which ST is recodified in TL.Barkhudarov: The smallest unit of SL which has an equival

2、ent in TL. phonemes音素 (transcription) morphemes 词素 words phrases sentences entire textFree TranslationLiteral translationII sentence as unit in translationSentence structure(eg.1)Sense group(eg.3)Special sentence structure(eg.4,10)Compound sentences: time-space relation logical relationGo to Transla

3、tion Skills.transformation of parts of speech（2） n. Adj. V Prep. Adv. eg: He admires the Presidents stated decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明声明为连任连任而决心奋斗表示决心奋斗表示钦佩。Analysis：predicate verb: admires past participle: stated n:decision infinitive: to fight prep: for 英语中具有动作意义的名词、由动词派生出来的名词及动词短语中表示动作意

4、义的名词，往往可译成动词。如：1). As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete. 一周即将结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。 1 N-V 2) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 3) As I taxied over the muddy steel matting of the runway, I got a wave and a grin fr

5、om my wingman Lt. Rex Barber. 4) Since the advent of jet aircraft, travel has been sped up. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂的全景。 我驾驶着飞机在泥泞的钢垫跑道上滑行时,我的僚机驾驶员雷克思巴伯中尉向我挥手微笑。 自从喷气式飞机出现之后，旅行速度就加快了。 英语中有些加-er, or或其他后缀的名词，一般情况下表示从事某种行业的人，但有时在句中并不指其身份或职业，而含有较强的动作意味。汉语中若没有恰当对应的名词时，往往译成动词。 5) Talking with his son, t

6、he old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings. 6) Although he was always the “background” briefer on foreign policy issues, he could never be identified as anything other than “a White House Official” or “a high Administration source.” 与儿子谈话间，老人宽恕了儿子过去干的坏事。 虽然外交问题的“背景情况”总是由他介绍，但他仍只

7、能称为“一位白宫官员”或“一位政府高级人士。” 英语中习语的主体名词往往可转译成动词。如have a rest, take a good look 7) They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.8) The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. 他们最后看了一眼名叫铁迈克的天线塔，见它仍旧耸立在黑暗中，安然无恙。 下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行的事。 英语中有些表示情态、感受、知觉

8、、信念等意义的形容词在句子中作表语时，通常可译成汉语中的动词。这类句子的特点是句子中的主语多为表示人的名词或人称代词，有时后面还可跟一个由that引导的从句。 2 adj-V9) We are not content with our present achievements.10) We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of its own accord.11) The workers are confident that they will be a

9、ble to build the modern factory in a short time.我们并不满足于现有的成就。 我们都熟悉这样一个事实：自然界没有一个物体会自行开始运动或自行停止运动。 工人们确信，短期内一定能建成这座现代化的工厂。 12) Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 13) The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 医生们说，他们不敢肯定是否能救他的命。 她

10、能给我带个信儿，这就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。 英语中有些后面要求固定介词的形容词，在句子中作表语或定语时，往往可译成汉语动词。 14) It is well known that the air is thick with dust. 15) The force acting on the air is identically equal to the mass of air times its acceleration.16) It is important that the soldering flux should be free from acid or other corros

11、ive substances. 众所周知，空气中充满着灰尘。 作用在空气上的力等于空气质量乘以空气加速度。 重要的是，焊剂不能含酸或其他腐蚀性物质。 英语中的介词或介词短语在很多情况下可以译成汉语中的动词，介词用作表语或状语时尤其可译成动词。 3 Prep-V17) “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.18) In general, positive or negative rake tools can be use

12、d on stainless steel.19) In any machine input work equals output work plus work done against friction. “来啦！”她一跃而起，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过露台，进了门廊。 通常正前角和负前角的刀具都可用于加工不锈钢。 任何机器的输入功率，都等于输出功率加上克服摩擦所做的功。 4 Adv-V 英语中有些作表语的副词或复合宾语中的副词，往往可以译成汉语中的动词。这类副词常见的有：in, out, on, over, up, behind, apart等。 20) A new English-

13、Chinese dictionary is out.21) As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.22) That day he was up before sunrise. 一部新的英汉词典已经出版。 他鞋都没穿就跑出去了。 那天他在日出以前就起床了。 23) She opened the window to let fresh air in.24) The force due to the motion of molecules tends to keep them apart.25) The physical experiment i

14、s over. 她打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来。 由于分子运动而引起的力能使分子相互分离。 物理实验结束了。 November, 2010lecture9大学英语专业英译汉25Go to Translation Appreciation.lecture9大学英语专业英译汉Translation Appreciation I tell you I must go! I retorted, roused to something like passion. Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an au

15、tomaton-a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? -You think wrong-I have as much soul as you,-and full as much h

16、eart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh:-it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; ju

17、st as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equal, -as we are! I tell you I must go! I retorted, roused to something like passion. “我告诉你，我非走不可！”我被惹火了反驳说。 Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton-a machine without feelings? and can be

18、ar to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? “你以为我会作为一个对你无足轻重的人留下来吗？你当我是一架没有感情的机器？可以容忍人家从我嘴里抢走一口面包，把我渴望的一点水从杯中泼掉吗？ 评论：英语中的状语位置有时需要在翻译时做出调整；同位语可翻译成前置定语。Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? -Yo

19、u think wrong-I have as much soul as you,-and full as much heart! 你以为我境遇贫寒，地位低微、容貌平常、个子矮小，就没有灵魂，没有感情吗？你想错了！我的灵魂像你的一样高尚，感情像你的一样丰富。 评论：这两句在翻译中使用了增词和省略译法。增词后译文搭配恰当，流畅自然。省略的一处译文隐含原文内容，若增加反而不自然。And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. 假如上帝赋予我美貌和财富，我就能让你离开我时同样感到难舍难分。 评论：这句译文采用了省略译法。汉语在比较状语中常常使用相对于英文比较简洁的说法。这句中，“同样”两个字就包含了比较状语的全部内容。若按原文直译，译文就会显得罗