人教版初三英语总复习资料动词的语态

1、教学内容:动词的语态【重点难点提示】一、重点是:(11 .被动语态的构成:助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。(1一般现在时的被动语态:am(is ,are + 动词过去分词Rice is grown in China .中国出产大米。(2一般过去时的被动语态:Was(were + 动词过去分词These photos were taken last year .这些照片是去年照的。(3含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词This car can be mended in an hour .这辆小汽车一小时就能修好。2 .主动语态变被动

2、语态的方法:(1把主动语态的宾语提前变为被动语态的主语。(2把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构。但时态应保持一致,但人称和数的形式取决于被动语态的主语。(3把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,有时可以省略。二、难点是:(1被动语态的用法(即何时用被动语态。(2主动语态变被动语态的方法(怎样变。三、考点是:(1一般现在时的被动语态。(2一般过去时的被动语态。(3含有情态动词的被动语态。(4将主动语态的句子变为被动语态。有关动词的语态在历年各地中考题中约占3分左右。【经典范例引路】例1 I think Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge up in 2003 .A .buil

3、dsB .is builtC .can buildD .can be built(2001年黄冈市中考题 简析:此题是考查含有情态动词的被动语态。根据宾语从句中主语Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge与谓语build up之间的关系,可以看出主语是动词短语build up的承受者,要用被动语态。且根据说话人的语气,只是一种推断,表示有可能,因此要用情态动词can。故答案为D。例2 Do you know bananas in Hainan ?A .growsB .is grownC .grewD .are grown(2001年甘肃省中考题 简析:此题是考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句

4、意此句所填部分应用一般现在时,并且根据宾语从句中主语bananas与谓语动词grow之间的关系,可以看出主语bananas是谓语动词grow的承受者,因此要用被动语态。且宾语从句的主语bananas为复数。故答案为D。例 3 No one knows how the huge rocks and without our modern machines eight hundred years ago .A .are cut ,movedB .were cut ,moveC .are cut ,movingD .were cut ,moved(2001年广州市中考题 简析:此题是考查一般过去时的被

5、动语态。在宾语从句中有表示过去的时间状语eight hundred years ago,表明宾语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。根据主语the huge rocks 与谓语动词cut和move之间的关系,表明主语是谓语动词的承受者,谓语动词要用被动语态,且cut和move为并列谓语,后一个谓语应省去助动词be。且主语the huge rocks为复数。故答案为D。例4 Li Lei mended the bike .(改为同义句The bike by Li Lei .(2001年辽宁省中考题 简析:此题是考查将一般过去时主动语态的句子变为被动语态。原句是主动语态,谓语动词为一般过去时,被动句中

6、的主语是第三人称单数the bike,其答案应为was mended。例5 Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher .(改为主动语态We often Ken to his teacher .(2001年深圳市中考题 简析:此题是考查一般现在时被动语态的句子变为主动语态。被动句是一般现在时的被动语态,主动句中的主语是第一人称复数,谓语动词要用动词原形。并且动词hear在被动结构中后面要接带to的动词不定式,但它在主动结构中常接不带to的动词不定式。故答案为hear ,apologize。【同步达纲练习】 .单项选择(选自各地中考题( 1 .T

7、he medicine in a dry and cool place .(2000年重庆市中考题A .keepB .must keepC .must be keptD .must be keep( 2 .A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . (2000年天津市中考题A .is givenB .has been givenC .will be givenD .will give( 3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must down too many tree

8、s . (2001年安徽省中考题A .stop to outB .stop from cuttingC .be stopped to cutD . be stopped from cutting( 4 .About 500 cars in the factory next month . (2001年辽宁省中考题A .were producedB .will produceC .have been producedD .will be produced( 5 .The key for locking the classroom door . (2001年广西省中考题A .usesB .is u

9、sedC .is usingD .use( 6 .A new school over there in two years . (2001年四川省中考题A .may buildB .may be builtC .is built( 7 .The man who lived alone on that island thought he never .A .will ,findB .would ,be foundC .is ,foundD .had ,been found( 8 .Computers are very useful .For example ,they can sending e

10、-mail .(电子邮件 (2001年苏州市中考题A .use forB .be used ofC .be used forD .use of( 9 .What a nice garden !It every day . (2000年武汉市中考题A .is cleaningB .has cleanedC .must cleanD .is cleaned( 10 .This work next week . (2000年广西省中考题A .may finishB .finishC .finishesD .may be finished( 11 .My house in 1995 .We have

11、lived there for nearly five years . (2000年广西省中考题A .was buildB .has builtC .is builtD .were built( 12 .The lost boy early this morning . (2000年四川省中考题A .foundB .was foundedC .was foundD .founded( 13 .That white building two years ago ,but it is quite old now . (2000年河北省中考题A .builtB .was builtC .is bui

12、ltD .builds( 14 .The big tree by my mother ten years ago .(2000年甘肃省中考题A .was plantedB .plantedC .has plantedD .was planting【综合能力训练】 .用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。1 .English widely (use in the world .2 .These pictures must (keep well .3 .She (fall ill last night ,and she (take to the hospital at once .4 .Now ri

13、ce and wheat (grow in my hometown ,too .Look !The crops_(grow fast in the fields .5 .The Great Wall (know all over the world .6 . the street lights usually (turn on at seven in summer evening ?7 . this kind of car (produce in Wuhan ?8 . the doctor (send for last night ?9 .We used a teapot before the

14、 thermos (invent .10 .Three children (take good care of by the nurse .11 .Some new houses (build by the villagers themselves .12 .What language (speak in Japan ?13 .The black bike (buy in that shop three days ago .14 .The doctor said Jim must (operate on at once .15 .The big tree (blow down in the s

15、torm last night .【创新备考训练】 .将下列主动语态改为被动语态。1 .You neednt do it now .2 .You must finish your homework now .3 .We can do the work today .4 .She had done the work by the end of last month .5 .The writer has written many stories for that magazine(杂志 .6 .He was doing his homework at this time yesterday .7

16、.My brother is reading the book now .8 .They founded that hospital in 1996 .9 .Yesterday we played football after school .10 .People all over the world know the Great Wall .11 .He often helps his brother .12 .Do you learn Unit 8 ?13 .Does Li Lei do his homework at home ?14 .Did Miss Gao speak Englis

17、h yesterday ?15 .When did Mike visit China ?16 .Why do you tell her the thing ?参考答案【同步达纲练习】 .15 CCDDB 610 BBCDD 1114 ACBA【综合能力训练】 .1 .is ,used 2 .be kept 3 .fell ,was taken 4 .are grown is growing 5 .is known 6 .Are ,turned 7 .Is ,produced 8 .Was ,sent 9 .was invented 10 .are taken 11 .were built 12

18、 .is spoken 13 .was bought 14 .be operated 15 .was blown【创新备考训练】 .1 .It neednt be done now . 2 .Your homework must be finished now . 3 .The work can be done by us today . 4 .The work had been done by her by the end of last month . 5 .Many stories have been written by the writer for that magazine . 6 .His homework was being done by him at this time yesterday 7 .The book is being read by my brother now 8 .That hospital was founded by them in 1996 . 9 .Yesterday a football was played by as after school . 10 .The Great Wall is known all ov