基于PLC的电梯控制系统设计中英文翻译

1、ElevatorSystemBasedonPLCComposedbytheorderofrelaycontrolsystemisarealizationofthefirstelevatorcontrolmethod.However,toenterthenineties,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandthewidespreadapplicationofcomputertechnology,thesafetyofelevators,reliabilityoftheincreasinglyhighdemandontherelaycontrolw

2、eaknessesarebecomingevident.Elevatorcontrolsystemrelaysthefailureratehigh,greatlyreducesthereliabilityandsafetyofelevators,andescalatorsstoppedoftentotakewiththestaffabouttheinconvenienceandfear.Andtheeventratherthantakingtheliftorsquatattheendoftheliftwillnotonlycausedamagetomechanicalcomponents,bu

3、talsopersonalaccidentmayoccur.ProgrammableLogicController(PLC)isthefirstorderlogiccontrolinaccordancewiththeneedsofdevelopedspecificallyforindustrialenvironmentapplicationstooperatetheelectronicdigitalcomputingdevice.Givenitsadvantages,atpresent,therelaycontrolthelifthasbeengraduallyreplacedbyPLCcon

4、trol.Atthesametime,ACvariablefrequencymotorspeedcontroltechnology,thewaytheliftdragspeedhasbeenagradualtransitionformDCtoACfrequencyconverter.Thus,PLCcontroltechnologyincreasesVVVFElevatormoderntechnologyhasbecomeahotindustry.1. PLCelevatorcontroladvantages:(1) UsedinelevatorcontrolPLC,withsowarefor

5、automaticcontrolofliftoperation,reliabilitygreatlyincreased.(2) Layerwasremovedandmajorityoftherelay,thecontrolsystemstructureissimple,simplifytheexternalcircuit.(3) PLCcanbeavarietyofcomplexcontrolsystem,easytoaddorchangecontrolfunctions.(4) PLCcanbeautomatedfaultdetectionandalarmdisplaytoimproveth

6、eoperationofsecurityandeaseofmaintenance.(5) Forthegroupcontroltheallocationandmanagement,andimprovetheefficiencyofelevatoroperation.可编辑(6)Donotneedtochangethecontrolschemechangeswhenthehardwareconnection.(1) VVVFelevatorcontrolcharacteristics.Withthepowerelectronics,microelectronicsandcomputertechn

7、ologytocontroltherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,communicationtechnologyVVVFalsoaveryrapidrate.ACvariablefrequencymotorspeedcontroltechnologyisthepowertoimprovetheprocessinordertoimproveproductqualityandimprovingtheenvironmentandpromotingtechnologicalprogressasaprimarymeans.Frequencyofitsexcellentperfo

8、rmanceandthespeedbrakefromasmoothperformance,highefficiency,highpowerfactorandpowersavingofabroadscopeofapplicationandmanyotheradvantagesofbeingathomeandabroadrecognizedasthemostpromisingapproachspeed.ExchangecharacteristicsofVVVFElevator:(2) lowenergyconsumption.(3) lowloadcircuit,thereemergencypow

9、ersupplydeviceofsmall.Intheaccelerationstage,therequiredstart-upcurrentoflessthan2.5timestheratedcurrent.Peakstartingcurrentandtimeisshort.Sincethestartingcurrentisdrasticallyreduced,sopowerconsumptionandpowersupplycablediametercanbereducedalot.Requiredforemergencypowersupplydevicesarealsorelatively

10、smallsize.(4) highreliabilityandlongservicelife.(5) goodcomfort.Elevatoroperationisbesttofollowthespeedcurveofagivenoperation.Theircharacteristicscanbeadaptedtohumanfeelings,andtoensurethatnoiseoperation,smoothbrakePinglayerandhighprecision.(6) stablenoise-free.(7) Inthecar,theengineroomandadjacenta

11、reastoensurethatnoise.Becausetheirsystemsuseahighclockfrequency.Alwaysproduceatruesinewavepowersupplycurrentyet.Motortorquerippledoesnotappear.Therefore,toeliminatevibrationandnoise.3. Elevatorcontroltechnology.可编辑Theso-calledelevatorcontroltechnologyreferstotheelevatordrivesystemandelectricalcontro

12、lsystemofautomaticcontrol.70asthe20thcenturyinChina'selevatorweremarkedbytheexchangeoftwo-speedelevator.Itsspeedisusedtochangetheelevatortractionmotoroftheveryfew,twoormute-levelapproachtothenumberofwindings,veryfewofthemashigh-speedwindingofthewinding,averyfewnumberofwindingsasthelow-speedwindi

13、ng.Windingsforhigh-speedelevator-speedstart-upandrunning,low-speedwindingsforbrakingandthemaintenanceofelevators.Theearly80s,VWFinvertercontrolledvariableliftsystemavailable.ItusesACmotordrivers,areabletoreachthelevelofDCmotor,controlthespeedofthecurrenthasreached6m/sec.Itssmallsize,lightweight,high

14、efficiency,energysaving,includingthepastalmostalltheadvantagesofthelift.IsthelatestelevatordrivesystemOperationinverticallift,thereisalsothestartingpointoftheterminusstation.Formorethanthree-storyelevatorbuildings,thestartingpointoftheterminalstationsandstopsbetweenthehadnot,thestartingpointforthese

15、stationsatthefirstflooroftheterminallocatedatthehighestfloor.Startingpointinthefirstfloorofthestationknownasbasestations,knownasthestartingpointatbothendsoftheterminalstationsandstationsatbothendsofintermediatestopsbetweenstations.Outsidethestationhasacallbox,boxsetareusedbystaffforelevatorcallbutto

16、nortouchthecallbutton,thegeneralendsoftheliftstationsinthecallboxontheSettingsbuttonortouchofabutton,liddlelayerofthestationsetupthecallboxbuttonortouchbutton2.Nodriversforthecontrolofelevators,atvariousstationsaresetupcallsmeonabuttonortouchbutton.Elevatorcarandtheinternalsettings(exceptfordebrisel

17、evator)tomanipulateme.Controlboxswitchonthehandleorsetupstationsandthecorrespondinglayerofbuttonsortouch-buttoncontrolboxonthetouch-controlbuttonorcommandbuttonortouchthecitybutton.Outsidethecommandbuttonortouch-buttonissueasthesignaloutsidethecommandsignal,withinthecommandbuttonor可编mtouchbuttonissu

18、ewithinthesignalasacommandsignal.80Inthemid-20thcentury,thetouchbuttonhasbeenreplacedbymicro-button.Astheelevatorcallboxoutsidethebasestation,inadditiontosetupacallbuttonortouchbutton,butalsosetakeyswitchinordertoworktheelevatorclearance.Driversormanagementstafftoopentheelevatortothebasestationcanwr

19、igglethroughadedicatedkeytothekeyswitch.Closetheelevatorinplacetoautocraticallycutofftheelevatorcontrolpowersupplyorpowersupply.4. PLCControlElevatorDesign.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofurbanconstruction,theincreasinghigh-risebuildings,elevatorsandlifeinthenationaleconomyhasabroadapplication.Elevato

20、rhigh-risebuildingsasameansoftransportintheverticalrunofdailylifehavebeeninextricablylinkedwithpeople.Infacttheliftisbasedonexternalcallcontrolsignals,aswellasthelawsoftheirown,suchasrunning,andthecallisrandom,theliftisactuallyaman-machineinteractivecontrolsystem,simpletousecontrolorlogiccontrolorde

21、rcannotmeetthecontrolrequirement,andtherefore,elevatorcontrolsystemusesarandomcontrollogic.Elevatorcontroliscurrentlygenerallyusedintwoways,first,theuseofcomputerasasignalcontrolunit,thecompletionoftheliftsignalacquisition,operationandfunctionofthese,toachievetheliftandsettheautocraticschedulingfunc

22、tiontoruntheelection,dragthecontrolfrominvertertocomplete;thesecondcontrolmodewithprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLC)toreplacethecomputercontrolsignalsetstheelection.Fromthecontrolandperformance,thesetwotypesofmethodsandthereisnosignificantdifference.Mostofthedomesticmanufacturerstochoosethesecondappro

23、ach,becausethesmallerscaleofproductiontheredesignandmanufactureofhighcostofcomputercontroldevices;andPLChighreliability,convenientandflexibleprogramdesign,antiinterferenceability,stableandreliableoperationofthecharacteristicsofTherefore,theelevatorcontrolsystemisnowwidelyusedtorealizeprogrammablecon

24、trol.5. Liftcontrolsystem.可编辑Liftcontrolsystemisusedtomanipulateeachcontrolprocessbymanagingsuchcommandsasrunningdirection,carcall,landingcall,loadsignal,landingindication,safetyprotection.Liftsindifferentapplicationshavedifferentload,speedanddrive/controlmodes.Liftsinsameapplicationmayalsohavediffe

25、rentcontrolmode.Whatevercontrolmodeisadopted,theobjectiveisthesame,tobespecific,accordingtocarcallandlandingcall,liftcontrolsystemwillexecuteautomaticlogicjudgmenttodeterminewhichliftwillreceivesignal,whichdirectionliftwillruntowardsandcompleteprogrammedcontrolobjectivethroughelectricalautomaticsyst

26、embasedoncommand.Typesofliftcontrolsystem.Controlsystemdevelopmentchronicleindicatesthattherehasappearedmanycontrolmodes,suchassuchasrelaycontrol,PLC,singlecomputercontrol,multiplecomputercontrol.Prevailingindifferentera,thesecontrolmodesarestillemployedinliftsnowduetomassiveintegratedcircuitandcomp

27、utertechnologydevelopment.PLCcontrolsystem.Asabbreviationofprogrammablelogiccontroller,PLCisanelectronicsystemfeaturingdigitalcomputation.ItadoptsprogrammableEPROMtoexecutelogiccomputation,ordercontrol,timing,numbercounting,arithmeticcomputation,besides,itcaninputandoutputthroughdigitaloranalogymode

28、s.ThemechanismofPLCcontrolisasfollows:inputofPLCincludessuchcommandsignals,aspowerkeytohomelanding,carcall,landingcall,varioussafetyswitches,positionsignal,whileoutputofPLCincludescontactor,relay,indicatorsofcar/landingsandcommunicationunitary,indicatorsinsidecarandswitch,positionsignal,areinputtoPC

29、,whileotherexecutingcom.Programmingprincipleisdeterminedbyliftcontrolmode.Programmingcaneitherbemadeaccordingtorelaylogiccontrolcircuitorindividuallyindifferentphasesaccordingtoliftcontrolfunctionsaftercompletelyseparatingfromrelaycontrolcircuit.Basedonthereadymadecontrolcircuit,theformer可编辑issimple

30、andeasytomaster,whilethelatterinvolveslessprogramsbyintegratingprogramsofsmallfunction.Usedinliftcontrolsystem,PLChassuchadvantages,ashighreliability,stability,easyprogramming,user-friendliness,convenientmaintenance&inspection.Nowadays,thereisawiderangeandseriesofprogrammablelogiccontrollers.Inp

31、ut/outputpointsrangefrom30to8000orabove,soastomeetliftcontrolrequirementswithdifferentlandingnumber.可修一PLC控制下的电梯系统由继电器组成的顺序控制系统是最早的一种实现电梯控制的方法。但是，进入九十年代，随着科学技术的发展和计算机技术的广泛应用，人们对电梯的安全性、可靠性的要求越来越高，继电器控制的弱点就越来越明显。电梯继电器控制系统故障率高，大大降低了电梯的可靠性和安全性，经常造成停梯，给乘用人员带来不便和惊忧。且电梯一旦发生冲顶或蹲底，不但会造成电梯机械部件损坏，还可能出现人身事故。可编程

32、序控制器（PLC）最早是根据顺序逻辑控制的需要而发展起来的，是专门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。鉴于其种种优点，目前电梯的继电器控制方式己逐渐被PLC控制所代替。同时，由于电机交流变频调速技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐渐过渡到了交流变频调速。因此，PLC控制技术加变频调速技术己成为现代电梯行业的一个热点。1 .PLC控制电梯的优点：（1）在电梯控制中采用了PLC用软件实现对电梯运行的自动控制，可靠性大大大提rmo（2）去掉了选层器及大部分继电器，控制系统结构简单，外部线路简化。（3）PLC可实现各种复杂的控制系统，方便地增加或改变控制功能。（4）可进行故障自动检测

33、与报警显示，提高运行安全性，并便于检修。（5）用于群控调配和管理，并提高电梯运行效率。（6）更改控制方案时不需改动硬件接线。2 .电梯变频调速控制的特点：随着电力电子技术、微电子技术和计算机控制技术的飞速发展，交流变频调速技术的发展也十分迅速。电动机交流变频调速技术是当今节电、改善工艺流程以提高产品质量和改善环境、推动技术进步的一种主要手段。变频调速以其优异的调速性能和起制动平稳性能、高效率、高功率因数和节电效果，广泛的适用范围及其它许多优点而被国内外公认为最有发展前途的调速方式。交流变频调速电梯的特点：（1）能源消耗低。（2）电路负载低，所需紧急供电装置小。在加速阶段，所需起动电流小于25倍

34、的额定电流。且起动电流峰值时间短。由于起动电流大幅度减小，故功耗和供电缆线直径可减小很多。所需的紧急供电装置的尺寸可编辑也比较小（3）可靠性高，使用寿命长。（4）舒适感好。电梯运行是跟随最佳给定的速度曲线运行的。其特性可适应人体感受，并保证运行噪声小，制动平稳。（5）平层精度高。（6）运行平稳无噪声在轿厢内，机房内及邻近区域确保噪声小。因为其系统中采用了高时钟频率。始终产生一个不失真的正弦波供电电流。电动机不会出现转距脉动。因此，消除了振动和噪声。3 .电梯控制技术。所谓电梯控制技术是指电梯的传动系统及操纵系统的电气自动控制。作为我国20世纪70年代电梯的主要标志是交流双速电梯。其调速方法是采

35、用改变电梯牵引电动机的极对数，两种或两种不同级对数的绕组，其中极数少的绕组称为高速绕组，极数多的绕组称为低速绕组。高速绕组用于电梯的起动及稳速运行，低速绕组用于制动及电梯的维修。80年代初，VVVF变频变压系统控制的电梯问世。它采用交流电动机驱动，却可以达到直流电动机的水平，目前控制速度已达6米/秒。它的体积小，重量轻，效率高，节省能源等几乎包括了以往电梯的所有优点。是目前最新的电梯拖动系统。电梯在垂直运行过程中，有起点站也有终点站。对于三层楼以上的建筑物的电梯，起点站和终点站之间还没有停靠站，起点站设在一楼，终点站设在最高楼。设在一楼的起点站称为基站，起点站和终点站称为两端站，两端站之间称为

36、中间站。各站厅外设有召唤箱，箱上设置有供乘用人员召唤电梯用的召唤按钮或触钮，一般电梯在两端站的召唤箱上各设置一只按钮或触钮。中间层站的召唤箱各设置两只按钮或触钮。对于无司机控制的电梯，在各层站的召唤箱上均设置一只按钮或触钮。而电梯的轿厢内部设置有（杂物电梯除外）操纵箱。操纵箱上设置有手柄开关或与层站对应的按钮或触钮，操纵箱上的按钮或触钮城内指令按钮或触钮。外指令按钮或触钮发出的电信号称为外指令信号，内指令按钮或触钮发出的电信号成为内指令信号。20世纪80年代中期后，触钮已被微动按钮所取代。作为电梯基站的厅外召唤箱，除设置一只召唤按钮或触钮外，还设置一只钥匙开关，以便下班关电梯时。司机或管理人员把电梯开到基站后，可以通过专用钥匙扭动该钥匙开关。把电梯的厅门关闭妥当后，自动切断电梯控制电源或动力电源。可编辑4 .PLC控制电梯的设计。随着城市建设的不断发展，高层建筑不断增多，电梯在国民经济和生活中有着广泛的应