景观格局分析过程

1、现在景观格局研究普遍采用Fragstats 3.3软件计算格局指数，我在写文章的过程中也使用了这一软件，期间也遇到不少问题，幸得高人指点和自己不断摸索（当时网上鲜有使用方法），终于把数据算出来了，现在把使用过程中遇到的一些问题与方法写出来，希望对后来者有些帮助，在写这个的过程中，参考了一些朋友的意见。1  Fragstats 33软件的下载在goole搜索页面直接输入“Fragstats 3.3”出来的第二个网址：点击“Fragstats 3.3 downloads”或者打开连接：/la

2、ndeco/research/fragstats/downloads/fragstats_downloads.html直接下载2 Fragstats 33软件的安装  如果你装了arcgis软件，那么Fragstats 3.3可以直接使用。下载下来的文件解压缩后，双击便可以使用，注意，要保证你的ArcGIS是运行的状态。3 环境变量的设置  打开软件后，看你的是“ARCGRID disabled”还是“ARCGRID enabled”，如果是后则，可以直接使用，如果是前者，学要设置环境变量。步骤：我的电脑->

3、属性->高级->环境变量，在系统变量那里，新建，变量名为path，变量值为X:ESRIAV_GIS30ARCVIEWBIN32，X为Arcview安装所在的盘符。或者是C:Program FilesArcGISBin，C为Arcview（应为ArcGIS?）安装所在的盘符，一般默认安装在C盘上。这样你的软件就能用了。(1) Arc Grid created with Arc/Info. Note, to use Arc Grids you must have ArcView Spatial Analyst or ArcGIS installed on

4、your computer and FRAGSTATS must have access to a certain .dll file found either in the ArcView Bin32 directory (for ArcView Spatial Analyst users) or the ArcGIS Bin directory (for ArcGIS users). Specifically, a path to the corresponding dll library file should be specified in the environmental sett

5、ings under NT or Windows 2000 operating systems, or a path statement included in the autoexec.bat file, e.g., under Windows 98, as follows:Windows NT: You can add the necessary Path variable or edit the existing one via the Control panel - System Properties - Environment tab. Add a new variable or e

6、dit the existing Path variable in the system variables, not the user variables (this will require administrative privileges). Add the full path to the appropriate .dll file. If you are using ArcView Spatial Analyst, the required file is the avgridio.dll file and it is typically installed in the foll

7、owing path: esriav_gis30arcviewbin32. If you are using ArcGIS, the required file is the aigridio.dll file and it is typically installed in the following path: esriarcinfoarcexe81bin. Note, your software version number and path may be different so be sure to locate the .dll file on your computer and

8、enter the correct path. If you are using both Spatial Analyst and ArcGIS, then you can enter either or both paths to the Path system variable.Windows 2000/XP: You can add the necessary Path variable or edit the existing one via the Control panel - System Properties - Advanced tab - Environment

9、Variables button. Add a new variable or edit the existing Path variable in the system variables, not the user variables (this will require administrative privileges). Then, following the instructions above for Windows NT.Windows 95/98: You must add the necessary Path statement to the autoexec.bat fi

10、le. First, search your computer for the autoexec.bat file and open it using any text editor. Then, either add a Path statement or edit the existing one. Add the full path to the appropriate .dll file. If you are using ArcView Spatial Analyst, the required file is the avgridio.dll file and it is

11、 typically installed in the following path: esriav_gis30arcviewbin32. If you are using ArcGIS, the required file is the aigridio.dll file and it is typically installed in the following path: esriarcinfoarcexe81bin. Thus, the path statement should look something like: PATH c:esriav_gis30arcviewbin32.

12、 Note, your software version number and path may be different so be sure to locate the .dll file on your computer and enter the correct path. If you are using both Spatial Analyst and ArcGIS, then you can enter either or both paths to the Path system variable. If you are adding the path to

13、 an existing path, simple use a semicolon to separate the unique paths in the Path statement. After saving the file you will need to reboot your machine for the change to take effect.我的是xp，装的是arcgis,所以需要aigridio.dll 这个文件，gis我装在d盘，所以是在“D:arcgisarcexe9xbin”这个目录下找到了aigridio.dll 这个文件步骤：我的电脑->属性->高

14、级->环境变量，在系统变量那里，新建，变量名为path，变量值为D:arcgisarcexe9xbinok,到这里arcgrid已经是enabled了。4  数据准备因为这个软件支持的是grid格式的数据，所以需要将手上的coverage、shape文件转换为grid格式的文件，用来运算。转换可以在Arcview里面进行，或者Arcmap都可以。以Arcmap为例：A、调出 Arcmap->tools->Extensions->在Spatial Analyst上面打钩。B、转换为grid：feature to raster如果想要grid按

15、照你所设定的形状进行计算，可以进行裁剪。且可以保证背景的完整性。以Arcview为例：如果用Arcview处理地图数据，可以在加载空间分析模块的基础上，Theme->Convert to Grid来生成。加载空间分析模块的方法：File->Extensions，选择Spatial Analyst，ok。5  属性文件的制定新建txt文件，格式如下：ClassID , ClassName , Status , isBackground1 , shrubs , true , false2 , conifers , true , false3 , deciduous

16、, true , false4 , other , false , true注意：每个之间用空格键和逗号隔开。13是你所分的地类所代表的属性，有多少个地类就列多少行。4是文件最后所必需的一列。最后保存为*.fdc格式。6  参数设定找到图标 或者是fragstatsset run parameters打开Run parameters对话框。Grid name：选择grid文件。Output File: 随便命个名字，存在你能找到的地方。Is properties file 找到步骤五所保存好的*.fdc文件。Output Statistics:选择你要计算的指数，

17、有斑块级别的、地类级别的、景观级别的，自己可以任意选择。同意可以选择斑块的邻距。那要看自己怎么订了。4个cell或者8个cell。注意：如果参数设置完成后，你的地类学要修改，或者有运行有什么问题，可以打开：tools/class properties进行修改。7 指数的选择Fragstats/select patch(class、land)metrics指数一共有三个级别，path、class、land三个级别。不同级别对应不同的指数，对应着不同的生态学意义。所以选择指数的时候，一定要清楚所选择的指数对应的级别。8 运行计算选择好指数后，点击Fragstats/execut

18、e执行，或者是图标。结果保存在步骤6种的Output File是所存的地方。找到后，用记事本打开。便是你要的结果了。from: 下载软件：/landeco/research/fragstats/downloads/fragstats_downloads.html-【此文转自QQ空间最近整理的Fragstats3.3软件Grid格式下可以计算的景观指数，希望大家共同学习探讨（注：每个景观指数包含的信息依次为  英文缩写英文全称指标名称应用尺度单位）一、面积指标1.Area/PerimeterAREA(CSD、CPS/LSD、LP

19、S)Patch Area斑块面积（类型水平方差、百分比/景观水平方差、百分比）斑块ha(ha、%) 02.Isolation/ProximityLSIMLandscape Similarity Index斑块相似系数斑块%3.Area/Density/EdgeCATotal Class Area斑块类型面积类型ha0PLAND(%LAND)Percentage of Landscape斑块所占景观面积比例类型% 0,100TATotal Landscape Area景观面积景观ha0LPILargest Patch Index最大斑块占景观面积比例类型/景观%二、密度大小及差异1.Area/D

20、ensity/EdgeNPNumber of Patches斑块数量类型/景观n 1PDPatch Density斑块密度类型/景观n/100haAREA(MN、AM、MD、RA、SD、CV)(MPS、PSSD、PSCV)Patch Area（Mean、Standard Deviation、Coefficient of Variation）斑块大小（平均、面积加权平均、中值、变化范围、方差、均方差）（斑块平均大小、斑块面积方差、斑块面积均方差）类型/景观ha(ha，%，%)GYRA(同上)Radius of Gyration回转半径类型/景观m三、边缘指标1.Area/PerimeterPER

21、IM(CSD、CPS/LSD、LPS)Patch Perimeter斑块周长（类型水平方差、百分比/景观水平方差、百分比）斑块m 0GYRA(同上)Radius of Gyration回转半径斑块m2.ContrastEDCON(同上)Edge Contrast Index边缘对比度斑块%3.Area/Density/EdgeTETotal Edge总边缘长度类型/景观mEDEdge Density边缘密度类型/景观m/ha4.ContrastCWEDContrast-Weighted Edge Density对比度加权边缘密度类型/景观m/haTECITotal Edge Contrast

22、Index总边缘对比度类型/景观%ECI(MN、AM、MD、RA、SD、CV)(MECI、AWMECI)Edge Contrast Index（Mean Edge Contrast Index、Area-Weighted Mean Contrast Index）边缘对比度（平均、面积加权平均、中值、变化范围、方差、均方差）（平均边缘对比度、面积加权平均边缘对比度）类型/景观%（%，%）四、形状指标1.ShapePARA(CSD、CPS/LSD、LPS)Perimeter Area Ratio边缘面积比（类型水平方差、百分比/景观水平方差、百分比）斑块无SHAPE(同上)Shape Index形

23、状指标斑块无FRACT(同上)Fractal Dimension Index分维数斑块无 1,2CRICLE(同上)Related Circumscribing Circle相关外接圆斑块无CONTIG(同上)Contiguity Index聚集指数斑块无2.Area/Density/EdgeLSILandscape Shape Index景观形状指数类型/景观无NLSINormalize LSI标准化景观形状指数类型无3.ShapePAFRACPerimeter Area Fractal DImension边缘面积分维类型/景观无PARA(MN、AM、MD、RA、SD、CV)Perimete

24、r Area Ratio边缘面积比（平均、面积加权平均、中值、变化范围、方差、均方差）类型/景观无SHAPE(同上)(MSI、AWMSI)Shape Index(Mean Shape Index、Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index)形状指数（平均形状、面积加权的平均形状指标）类型/景观无FRAC(同上)(MPFD、AWMPFD)Fractal Dimension Index(Mean Patch Fractal Dimension、Area-Weighted Patch Fractal Dimension)分维数（平均斑块分维数、面积加权的平均斑块分维数）类型/景观无

25、 1,2CRICLE(同上)Related Circumscribing Circle相关外接圆类型/景观无DLFDDouble Log Fractal Dimension双对数分维数类型/景观无五、核心面积指标1.Core AreaCore(CSD、CPS/LSD、LPS)Core Area核心斑块面积（类型水平方差、百分比/景观水平方差、百分比）斑块haNCORE(同上)Number of Core Area核心斑块数量斑块n 1CAI(同上)Core Area Index核心斑块面积比指标斑块%2.Core AreaTCATotal Core Area核心斑块总面积类型/景观haCPLA

26、ND(C%LAND)Core Area Percentage of Landscape核心斑块占景观面积比类型%NDCANumber of Disjunct Core Area独立核心斑块数量类型/景观nDCADDisjunct Core Area Density独立核心斑块密度类型/景观n/100haCORE(MN、AM、MD、RA、SD、CV)(MCA1、CASD1、CACV1)Core Area(Mean Core Area、Core Area Standard Deviation、Core Area Coefficient of Variation)核心斑块面积（平均、面积加权平均、中

27、值、变化范围、方差、均方差）（平均核心斑块面积、核心斑块面积方差、核心斑块面积均方差）类型/景观ha(ha,ha,%)DCA(同上)(MCA2、CASD2、CACV2)Disjunct Core Area独立核心斑块面积（平均独立核心斑块面积、独立核心斑块面积方差、独立核心面积均方差）类型/景观ha(ha,ha,%)CAI(同上)(MCAI)Core Area Index(Mean Core Area Index)核心斑块指标（平均核心斑块指标）类型/景观%六、邻近度指标1.Isolation/ProximityPROXIM(CSD、CPS/LSD、LPS)Proximity Index邻近度

28、（类型水平方差、百分比/景观水平方差、百分比）斑块无SIMI(同上)Similarity Index相似度斑块无ENN(同上)Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Index欧几里得最邻近距离斑块m2.Isolation/ProximityPROXIM(MN、AM、MD、RA、SD、CV)(MPI)Proximity Index(Mean Proximity Index)邻近度（平均、面积加权平均、中值、变化范围、方差、均方差）（平均邻近度指标）类型/景观%(%) 0SIMI(同上)Similarity Index相似度类型/景观无ENN(同上)(MNN、NNSD、NNCV)Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Index(Mean Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Index、Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Index Standard Deviation、Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Index Coefficient of Variation)欧几里得最邻近距