英语考前突破讲义：专题4+任务型阅读+第二节+Word版含解析

1、高中英语讲义第二节转换词汇类（2018江苏）How Arts Promote Our EconomyWhen most people think of the arts , they imagine the end product , the beautiful painting , a wonderful piece of music , or an award -winning performance in the theater.But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.The economic impact of th

2、e arts is often overlooked and badly judged.The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists , technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.These people earn a living wage for their professional knowle

3、dge and skills.Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. "If you build it they will come " is a misleading belief.Painters , digital media experts , photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.According to the Dallas Area Cul

4、tural Advocacy Coalition , arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full - or part-time employees or independent contractors.A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect（ 连锁反应）throughout a community.In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town , the location was con

5、sidered a poor area of town.After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building , we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008.Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive

6、or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.No doubt the theater has contributed to the area ' s development and economic growth.Today , there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy.I

7、n this way , arts and culture also serve as a public good.TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc.made use of Bloomberg ' s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two -year period.Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every

8、dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities.In Philadelphia , a metro area smaller than Dallas , the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry , including accountants , marketers, construction w

9、orkers , hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported , the entire small -business community benefits.It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit.But in order to stay in business , arts groups must produce ret

10、urns.If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill -advised to have a plan B.But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work tochange the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.Arts as an economicdriverOur communities 71. from arts in terms o

11、f economy.72.of arts' promotingour economyArts activity demands a(n) 73. effort.It involves creation,performance, and 74. Artists make a living through their creative work. Others get paid by marketing the event.Arts have a gradually spreading 75.They could help promoteother industries whether t

12、hey lie inside or outside arts. Besides tickets , some jazz lovers will pay their 76. to and fromthe events. Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.Investment in arts could produce potential 77. economic results. TeCo used

13、 a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000. In Dallas , one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary return of nearly $300. In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers 78arts industry.Art students making With these 79. in mi

14、nd , art students need not worry about theira good livingcareer and have a(n) 80. plan.考 场 思 维 模第一步：读表格，填出较简单的概括词汇题本文是一篇说明文，以"How Arts Promote Our Economy ”为题，重点分析了艺术促进经济的途径。考查了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。其中第71, 74和80题是转换词汇类题，填写答案时要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致，同时要注意时态、 语态、句式等。第二步：定位、定词、定性、定形任务型阅读表格高度概括了原文信息，为

15、了节约时间并且提高解题的针对性，先读表格内容，然后在原文中进行定位。定位后进行定词，定词后要定性（如名词、动词、形容词、副词等 ），最后定形（如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等）。1.原文词汇类75 .答案 effect解析 根据第四段首句 "A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect（连锁反应） throughout a community.” 和第五段首句 "No doubt the theater has contributed to the area' s development and econ

16、omic growth.”可知，艺术对经济发展有扩散效应。根据 a ripple effect 可得出答案。78 .答案 outside/beyond解析 根据第六段末句”80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry , includingaccountants, marketers, construction workers , hotel managers” 可知，艺术为不从事这个行 业的人也提供了就业机会。故填 outside/beyond。79 转换词汇类80 .答案 benefit解析 根据第二段首句"

17、The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.”可知艺术创造就业岗位，推动经济发展，也就是说从经济角度而言，社会能从艺术发展中受益（benefit）。81 .答案 promotion/marketing解析 根据第三段的第三句"Painters, digital media experts , photographers, booking agents andpromoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.” 可知，艺术活动涵盖了创作、表演和 营销。 promo

18、ters, promote 可词形转换为 promotion o 故填 promotion/marketing 。80.答案 alternative解析 根据文章最后的“you have been ill -advised to have a plan B.But those who trulyunderstand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities."可知，学艺术的学生就业前景光明，选择的范围很广，不必做另外的计

19、戈U。由关键词 a wide range of career possibilities 可知填 alternative o3 .概括词汇类72 .答案 Ways/Aspects解析纵观语篇内容可知，文章重点介绍艺术在哪些方面能推动经济发展，故填ways或aspects,意为“方面"，注意首字母大写。73 .答案 joint/collective解析根据第三段首句"Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.”可知，艺术活动需要很多人来运作，group of folks可同义替换为 joint/coll

20、ective effort 。76 .答案 fares解析 根据第四段末句 "Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limitsand drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District. ”可知很多爵士乐爱好者来看演出要花交通费，故填fares。77 .答案 positive解析根据第六段首句"TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc.made use of Bloomberg 

21、9; s investmentof $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two -year period."可知，在音乐方面的投资能产生潜在的积极的经济回报。public and private sectorsupport（国营部门和私营企业的支持）可转化为positive o79 .答案 statistics/data/analyses解析根据上文提供的数据或分析，我们就会得出学艺术的学生不必担心就业问题的结论。故填 statistics/data/analys

22、es。第三步：复查并将答案填在答题卡上复查完确认没有修改之后，将试卷上所写答案填在答题卡规定区域，注意要认真书写，不能潦草。转换词汇类是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对 应关系要明确。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及 上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。要求考生对已锁定的关键句进行知识重组， 运用多种表达方式，考查考生是否具有遣词造句的能力。常见的转换词汇题可分为：词形转 换、同义(反义)表达、句型转换等。1 .词形转换词形转换题即用不同的方式表达文中的意义，由于表达的方法不同，被考查单词在原文和试 题中充当的句子成分

23、不同。有时所采用的词性会有所变化。如，动词与名词的转换、动词与 动名词的转换、形容词与副词的转换、名词与形容词的转换等，有时还涉及短语搭配的考查。(1)Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others.=Social isolation means that people hardly communicate with others or stay alone.(2)It' s also important for every student

24、to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.=Students who want to build a good career should attach importance to setting high academic goals.2 .同义(反义)表达同义(反义)表达是指用不同的词组表达同一个意思或是相反的意思。这主要考查考生灵活运用英语的能力。此项考查要求我们对同义/反义词(组)互换，单个动词与动词短语的互换，单个副词与短语的互换等。(1)The use of these resources

25、cannot go on indefinitelyrun ouLwe would=The vast majority of resources can ' t be replaced and they would be used up.(2)But they say it ' s far from clear that social isolation , not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.=It was still unclear/vague/ambiguous that soci

26、al isolation rather than loneliness is the real cause of higher death rate.(3)You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy, but following them on a consistent basis is difficult.=You should be aware/conscious that it' s difficult to follow your goals consiste

27、ntly .3 .句型转换句型转换题指的是用不同的句式表达同一意思。有时是主动语态与被动语态的互换，有时是 采用另外一种句式表达。答题时要抓住核心词汇，对这些词汇表达进行句式转换，一般为高 中阶段常用句式。(1)When something is thrown away , we lose the natural resources, the energy and the time which have been used to make the product.=The natural resources, the energy and the time used to make the p

28、roduct become lost when something is thrown away.(2)Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die.=Social isolation may increase/raise older people ' s risk of death.（3）Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the ass

29、igned tasks and targets in a timely manner.=By setting goals, an employee can increase output and performance instead of delaying completing his or her tasks.这类题型解题时可采用以下三个步骤：A（2019镇江高三期中）Pretending Y ou' re Someone Else Can Make You CreativeOne great irony（讽刺）about our collective fascination wi

30、th creativity is that we tend to frameit in uncreative ways.That is to say , most of us marry creativity to our concept of self : We are either “creative" people or we aren' t, without much of a middle ground.Pillay , a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his car

31、eer destroying these ideas.Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to “ believe in yourself ” . In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.In a recent column for Har vard Business Review , Pil

32、lay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes（亥U板印象 ）on one' s behavior.The authors , education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar , divided their college -student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as“eccentric（古怪的

33、）poets“ and the membersof another to imagine they were “rigid librarians" （people in the third category, the control group , were left alone for this part）.The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects, including a fork , a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to c

34、ome up with as many different uses as possible for each one.Those who were asked to imagine themselves as “ eccentric poets" came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the “rigid librarian " group had the fewest.Meanwhile , the researchers found only small diffe

35、rences in students' creativity levels across academic majors, the-phnyfacs majors inhabiting（ 寄生）the personas伪装的夕卜表 ）of aeccentric poets“ came up with more ideas than the art majors did.These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality , but a “malleable

36、（可塑的）product of context and perspective. " Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.Pillay ' s work takes this a step further : He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you ' re somebody else.This

37、exercise , which he calls a psychological halloweenism” , refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona an inner costuming of the self.It works because it is an act of aconscious unfocus", a way of positively stimulating the default mode（ 默认模式）network , a collection of brain regi

38、ons that spring into action when you ' re not focused on a specific task or thought.-an unfocusedMost of us spend too much time worrying about two things : How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we ' re focusing on the task at hand.The former feeds the latter person is an unsucce

39、ssful one, we believe.Thus , we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise-canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.What makes Pillay ' s argument stand out is the healthy, forgiving realism : According to him , most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of “unfocu

40、s” . This doesn' t make us lazy itmakes us human.The idea behind psychological halloweenism is： What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time , and instead started using it ? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once : You' re making yourself

41、more creative , andyou ' re giving yourself permission to do something you ' d otherwise feel guilty about.Imagining yourself in a new situation , or an entirely new identity , never felt so productive.Title : Pretending Y ou' re Someone Else Can Make Y ou CreativeSome misleading ideas a

42、bout creativity?Most of us are 1.with the idea that we are either creative or we arenot: there doesn' t exist a middle ground in between.?2. to popular belief, Pillay ' s suggestion is that you should believeyou are someone else.Dumas andDunbar' s study?One group were asked to think of t

43、hemselves as “eccentric poets” , another “rigid librarians " and a third 3. as the control group.?The former two groups were required to come up with as many different usesas possible for each 4. object.?The level of students ' 5. is not always in direct proportion to thetype of academic ma

44、jors.?Therefore, creativity is probably a product of context and perspective ratherthan something 6.Pillay ' s further study?The exercise of a psychological halloweenism " refers to the conscious action of being others by 7. stimulating the default mode network.?Pillay 8. firmly to the idea

45、 of imaging you' re someone else andadvises us not to worry about how successful/unsuccessful we are.The 9.significance of the exercise?We should start using it instead of stopping judging ourselves for our mental down time.?We have every right to 10. ourselves for being unfocused because itis n

46、ot only human but also makes us more creative and productive.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。创造性是促进社会进步的重要品质，哈佛大学教授帕利认为我们要摒弃传统观念，学会把自己想象成别人。以此促进人们的创造力发展。1 .答案fascinated/impressed解析 转换词汇题。根据第一段的第一句可知关于创造性的具有讽刺性的是，我们会用没有创造性的方法来限制创造性。句中使用名词 fascination,而表格里需要使用形容词，构成短语 be fascinated with ”着迷于" 。所以要填 fascinated/impr

47、essed。2 .答案Contrary解析概括词汇题。根据第二段后两句可知帕利的观点与传统观点相反，所以要填Contrary。3 .答案 worked/acted/served/functioned解析 概括词汇题。根据第三段的第二句 "The authors, .and the members of another to imagine they were ' rigid librarians ' （people in the third category , the control group , were left alone for this part）.&q

48、uot;可知，第三小组是对照组， 故用固定搭配 work as（担任）/act as（担当）/serve as（JH任"function as（起 作用）, 所以填 worked/acted/served/functioned。4 .答案 given解析 转换词汇题。根据第三段中的"The researchers then presented participants with 10ordinary objects ,.”可知，应用 given 与 presented 同义替换，所以要填given。5 .答案 creativity解析原文词汇题。根据第三段的最后一句&quo

49、t;Meanwhile , the researchers found only smalldifferences in students' creativity levels across academic majors." 可知， 学生的创造性与他们 的专业不成比例。所以填 creativity。6 .答案 individual/personal解析 原文词汇题。根据第四段的第一句可知创造性并不是个体的品质。所以填individual/personal 。7 .答案 positively解析原文词汇题。根据第五段的最后一句"It works because.a

50、way of positively stimulatingthe default mode network." 中的 positively 可知，要积极地刺激。所以填 positively o 8.答案 subscribes解析概括词汇题。根据第五段的第一句可知帕利非常赞成把自己想象成别人的观点。subscribe to同意，赞成，固定搭配。所以填subscribes。9 .答案 realistic/practical解析 转换词汇题。根据最后一段的第一句"What makes Pillay ' s argument stand out is thehealthy

51、, forgiving realism.”可知，本段主要讲的是这个实验的现实意义。所以填 realistic/practical 。10 .答案 forgive解析概括词汇题。根据文章倒数第二句可知，依据新观点，我们每天一半的时间都处于白日梦的状态会让我们更有创造力、并能允许自己做一些会让自己内疚的事情，这会让我们有 理由原谅自己。所以填 forgive。B（2019如皋高三一模）In an ideal world , we usually get eight hours of sleep every night , and wake up with enough energy before

52、work.But when we ' re struggling to balance the responsibilities of everyday life , cutting back on sleep seems to be the only solution.Many of us rely on coffee or energy drinks to get us through the day, instead of making sleep a priority.Sadly , as delicious as it can be, caffeine is not the

53、solution.Being tired not only brings down our energy levels, but also makes us less productive and less motivated.There are concrete steps you can take right now to renew your energy.Awareness comes first because you have to understand what ' s going on before you can do anything to change it.Mo

54、st of us are too busy to notice how fatigue（ 疲劳）really affects our bodies and minds.What signs of trouble do you regularly display ? The patterns of your signs of trouble can give you clues about the negative effects of your fatigue.In addition , it' s wise to start thinking about whoever can fe

55、el the effects of your fatigue.Reflecting on the choices you ' ve made can provide clarity , which will help you figure out what needs to be changed.During this reflection , you will be able to understand more about yourself and why you do the things you do.You may decide to forgive yourself for

56、 the mistakes you ' ve made.Thinking about the positive aspects of your life will make you feel refreshed and ready to move forward.Conversing with others not only provides support, but also leads to new perspectives and feedback that can help with treatment and what you need to heal.To start wi

57、th , have an open mind and an open heart.Limit complaining.Complaints may need to be aired in order to relieve pressure , but if they dominate（占上风）,anger will win.Tell the truth.You do not need to tell people everything , but you do need to be honest.Listen carefully because it shows respect.The fou

58、rth step is about renewal getting rid of what is bringing you down and making a freshstart.It' s helpful to break the process down.It is easier to make small adjustments than big ones.On occasion, the small steps alone can remove fatigue.For instance , you may not need to change your career but change emphasis.If you feel hopelessly dragged down by fatigue , self-care may be the best prescription.Title : Four Steps to Fight FatiguePhenomenonMany people rely on coffee or ene