URT不确定性减少理论

1、Uncertainty Reduction Theory 不确定性减少理论不确定性减少理论 -XXXThree Parts oHistory and Orientation oCore Assumptions and StatementsoSeven important axiomsPart One History and OrientationoUncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) also called Initial Interaction Theory was initially presented as a series of axioms which

2、 describe the relationships between uncertainty and several communication factors. oURT was developed to describe the interrelationships between seven important factors in any dyadic exchange: verbal communication, nonverbal expressiveness, information-seeking behavior, intimacy, reciprocity, simila

3、rity, and liking. oThis theoretical perspective was originated by C.R. Berger and Calabrese in 1975. Part Two Core Assumptions and StatementsoCore: Uncertainty is unpleasant and therefore motivational; people communicate to reduce it.oUncertainty reduction follows a pattern of developmental stages:o

4、 entry phase(进入阶段)o personal phase(个人阶段)o exit phase(退出阶段)Part Two Core Assumptions and StatementsoConceptual Model Part Two Core Assumptions and StatementsoThree basic ways people seek information about another personoPassive strategies oActive strategies oInteractive strategies a person is being o

5、bserved, either in situations where the other person is likely to be self-monitoring as in a classroom, or where the other person is likely to act more naturally as in the stands at a football game. we ask others about the person were interested in or try to set up a situation where we can observe t

6、hat person (e.g., taking the same class, sitting a table away at dinner). we communicate directly with the person. Part Three Seven important axiomsoAxiom 1: Strangers enter an interaction with high levels of uncertainty about the other. However, as they begin to talk to one another, the level of un

7、certainty decreases. In turn, as the uncertainty decreases, the interactants will talk more. o公理1：在进入阶段,互动双方具有很高的不确定性，随着语言传播增加，互动参与者的不确定性降低，随之带来语言传播的增加。ouncertainty verbal communicationorelationship: negative Part Three Seven important axiomsoAxiom 2: As nonverbal expressive communication increases,

8、 uncertainty levels decrease, and vice versa. o公理2：当非语言表达的亲密性增加时，初次互动的不确定性就会降低。此外，不确定性降低会导致非语言表达的亲密性增加。ouncertainty o nonverbal affiliate expressiveness oRelationship: negative Part Three Seven important axiomsoAxiom 3: High levels of uncertainty prompt strangers to ask more questions of the other.

9、As uncertainty decreases, so does the posing of questions. o公理3：高度的不确定性导致信息搜寻行为的增多。当不确定性降低后，信息搜寻行为也会减少。两者呈正相关。ouncertainty information seeking oRelationship: positive Part Three Seven important axiomso Axiom 4: High levels of uncertainty in a relationship lead to less sharing and emotional intimacy.

10、 Low levels of uncertainty allow for more sharing and emotional intimacy. o公理4：在人际关系中，高度的不确定性会降低互动参与者的亲密性。交流中的低不确定性产生互动参与者的高亲密性。ouncertainty ointimacy level of communicationoRelationship: negative Part Three Seven important axiomsoAxiom 5: High levels of uncertainty lead to more symmetrical question

11、 exchanges in interaction. As uncertainty decreases, so does the need for an equal exchange of talk. o公理5：高不确定性造成相互作用频率增加。低不确定性造成相互作用频率降低。ouncertainty reciprocity oRelationship: positive Part Three Seven important axiomsoAxiom 6: Personal similarity will decrease uncertainty about another, while dissimilarity will produce higher levels of uncertainty. o公理6：交流双方的相似性会降低不确定性，相反，差异性会增加不确定性。ouncertainty similarity oRelationship: negative Part Three Seven important axiomso Axiom 7: An increase in uncerta