牛津上海版八年级第一学期8A首字母填空专题专项讲解及练习教案

1、首字母专题I.专题知识梳理首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。一、能力考察1 .词汇量与具体运用能力（基础）2 .句子结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）3 .语义、语境分析能力（确定词义）4 .逻辑推断能力（确定词义）5 .前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）二、解题思路1 .词性的判断（句法结构、词性的句法功能）2 .词义的判断（句意理解）3 .脑海中搜索

2、符合相关条件的考纲词汇4 .复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）I .专题精讲【案例分析】Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）It s a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park inSouth Africa. Teachers and pupils don t sit in a cla8Srooriihidy go thr

3、ough the forest orsit under the trees.The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest of the country s schools, butthe teaching methods are completely different. Southern Cross uses nature as a teaching tool.The teachers and their pupils go out into nature and work with animals and plants.

4、 These can be used to study a 83 from maths and social sciences to languages. The school is in an area where animals live wild and can be hunted. To get to class, students travel a road through the forest that wild animals use as well.The classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from t

5、he rest of the school. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . In this school you won t hear a teacher saying“ Count how many apples Jane has in her basket.the children visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by animals. This way they

6、can see how many different animals come to d 85 during the night.The students are encouraged to take care of the injured and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the foot chain and how and why it d 86 .The headmaster says, “Wemust make people und

7、erstand what we are doing to the e 87. We need to care for our planet.”Keys:81-87 Instead; subjects; anything; special; drink; died; earth/environment名词动词形容词副词代词22111精讲:81 .判定空格词性为副词，再根据前文没有坐在教室以及后文的穿过深林或是坐在树下，可知填 instead82 .判定空格为名词，根据理解可知填学科，注意复数，subjects83 .判定空格为名词或代词，根据后文from maths and social sci

8、ences to languages可知填anything84 .判定空格为形容词，根据but以及后文的表述，填special85 .判定空格为动词原形或者名词，动词原形的可能性更大，再结合前文的river,填drink86 .判定空格为动词，且为不及物动词、过去式，根据前文a dead animal可知填died87 .判定空格为名词，结合前后文出现的nature、planet,可以填earth或是environment都可以田.学法提炼1 .通读全文，了解大意2 .判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，还是副词等。3 .根据上下文、句意填出适当的词；判断词的形式。（名词的单复数，动

9、词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）4 .复读全文，全面检查：根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌课堂练习Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r1of the survey. It not at all surprising

10、to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.P 2 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they l

11、iked football, basketball and skating.Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 3 both listening to and playingmusic. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a bo

12、ok or magazine.Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 4 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.V 5 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers

13、said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 6 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s 7 went d

14、ancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.（2）Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Nowadays ,more and more people can not sleep very well. They have t 1_ in fallingasleep. The following are useful tips.1. Make sure the bedr

15、oom is d 2_ and quiet.All too often, people keep the TV set on as they sleep.Or there is a light on somewhere that can cause distraction （干扰）.Make sure all electronic products including computers,TV sets and radios arc off before trying to sleep.2. Avoid （避免）some kinds of foodsFoods include caffeine

16、, alcohol, and MSG, can affect （影响）different people in differentways.It is best to avoid these foods and chemicals. Even a cup of coffee first thing in the morning can p 3_ sleep at night for some people that are overly sensitive to caffeine.3. Don t eat close to bedtimeWait at least three to four h

17、ours after eating to go to bed, especially when you dont have a strong stomach or are in poor health. This a4the body to relax since it isnt doing anywork.Some light music, played s_ 5, can help put one in the calming state of mindwhen just lying down to sleep.The sleep CDs would possibly be the bes

18、t c_ 6_ . And the good thing about the CDs is that they can be used over and over again and as you get used to them ， they will work more efficiently as the sounds will make you feel sleepy faster.5. Take a relaxing bathThis is one of the oldest m_ 7, but it works. Adding bath salts can help as well

19、 asadding an essential oil to the water. Remember to just relax in the bath , not exhaust yourself and fall asleep in the tub.（3）Fill in the blanks with proper words （ 在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格 限填一词，首字母已给）Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will on

20、e day e1humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the naturallimit of the human life span.I think we are knocking at the door of immortality （ 永生 ）, said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. I think by 2075 we will see it a

21、nd thats a conservative estimate （ 保守的估计）.At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology （纳米技术 ） make it l2that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. Ther

22、e is agreat push so that people can live from I20 to 180 years, he said. Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.H 3, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say thehuman body is just not designed to last past about

23、120 years. Even with h4lifestylesand less disease, they say f 5 of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans todeath.Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live.It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life

24、? said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre. At p 6 people whocould get to that point are not in good health at all.As we all know, health is more important than wealth. Everyone wants to keep healthy. It is n7for us to have a healthy lifestyle. So we should do more

25、 exercise. We should sleepfor 8 hours every night. A good sleep can keep us active during the daytime. We should eat a lot of fruits and vegetables. Eating them is good for our health. So you see, If we take good care of our health, our healthy lifestyle helps us get good grades. I hope that all peo

26、ple can have a healthy lifestyle and live at least 120 years.（4）Fill in the blanks with proper words （ 在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格 限填一词，首字母已给）Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work, or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?If you do ,you need to t

27、ake control（ 控制 ）of your feelings and stop getting angry .Getting angry with people can cause you to l_1friends.Cary Egeberg, an American high school teacher ,has written My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals to help control feelings .It tells teenagers how to stay cool when b_2_ things happen to t

28、hem .The book says that getting angry only makes problems w_3_. It can never make them better. Getting angry is not a natural way to act,“ the book says习慨）JikSta bad habit （smoking.The book says you can control you anger e_4_-all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry.The book gives many

29、 tips to help you if you get angry easily. Here are the top three:1. Keep a r_5_. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily.2. Ask your friends to s_6talking to you when you get angry. This will make you notangry.3. Do somethin

30、g d_7. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and gosomewhere else. Try to laugh!课后作业1. There are many wild animals living in (African)2. People didn utse paper money until the 15th century in countries.(Europe)3. The dog looks and is barking . (fierce)4. Nowadays many people their own blogs

31、 on the Internet. (creation)5. Walt Disney was the of the Disney amusement Park. (creation)6. Who the steam engine was a great . (invent)7. From the footprints we can know the of the dinosaurs. (exist)8. This washing machine is (harm) to all sorts of fabric. ( 织物 )9. Before we study the bacterium, (

32、 细菌 ) we are not sure whether it is or not.(harm)10. Species must change as the environment changes, or they will out. (dying)11. Einstein was one of the most (creation) (think) of the 20 thcentury.12. Thatcher (撒切尔)was a political and used to sharply.(think)13. Nike was a goddess from , who ran and

33、 flew very fast. ( Greek)14. Children always like to go to parks. ( amuse)15. It was a good story, but I don t like some of the . (characteristic)16. Things in life are not always like stories in movie. (reality)17. The reason made me worried. (reality)18. Smoking does serious to people s health. (h

34、armless)19. What he said was , because he always told lies. (believe)20. How many people of seasonal influenza every? (death)21. The on the car cost 2,000yuan. (repair)22. The museum will be closed during (repair)23. My computer is out of work and I need to have it (repair)24. We felt really sorry w

35、hen we heard that everybody died in the air crash, except the (navigate)25. If you take a compass with you, you won t get in the forest. (lose)26. She often her way during her first visit in Los Angeles. (lose)= She was often during her first days in Los Angeles. (lose)27. The deep oceans are still

36、the most places on earth. (explore)28. Some parts of the Antarctic have remained (explore).29. Our school building is 11 high. We study on the fourth (storey)30. As the final exam is , we should prepare for it. (approach)31. There are a lot of to the city. (approach)32. It was that he tried to pleas

37、e his wife. =he tried to pleasehis wife. (clear)33. It was impossible for us to complete the task in such a short time. (clear)34. of your answer is right. = Your answer is right. ( part)35. can be founded mostly in Australia. (Kangaroo)36. The noise became a as we approached the falls 瀑布 . (roar)37

38、. The football crowd for a wonderful goal. ( roar)38. Some dinosaurs probably lived (peace).39. They hope to solve the problem in .(peace)40. Thanks for helping me. I owe you a .(favourite)41. The ghost story the children. (fright)42. The lightning was and gave him a (fright).43. The robber the bank

39、 clerk. (fright)44. Susan is a secretary and she very fast. (type)45. There are many different for you to choose. (type)46. The rubber ball from the ground. (spring)47. Don t jump on the sofa, you will damaged the (spring).48. The killed a lady on the pavement last night. (kill)49. We must stop wild

40、 animals. (kill)50. He down to have a rest. (lie)51. We always feel in class in summer, some students even fall in class. (sleep)52. When we go camping, we will use a bag at night. ( sleep)53. Barack Obama, the first American black president, the worlda ttenstion.(attractive)54. Models always wear c

41、lothes. (attract)55. The sudden of the electricity made us frightened. (interrupt)56. He felt and ran out of the house as fast as he could when he heard the firealarm. (panic)57. When earthquake happened, people (panic)58. In the American Civil War, the slaves fought fir their (free)59. Look at the

42、birds, they are flying (free) in the sky60. If you write the best story about dinosaurs, you ll win a trip to Disneyland inHong Kong (free)61. The bird wanted to be and fly in the sky, so it escaped from the cage for (free)62. The sign “ ” means we must keep (silent)63. She left home early next morn

43、ing (silent)64. A truck went out of control and into the back of a bus (crash)65. The cause of the plane is still unknown (crash)66. He made a to go for a holiday in Hainan (decide)67. Please let me have your as soon as possible ( decide)68. All the flowers will be if you don t water them (finish)69

44、. You will be for if you don t finish your homework (do)70. “ Where s the salad? ”“ It s all ” (go)71. The policeman shot the gun into the air to the thief (fright)72. There s so much in the restaurant I can hardly hear you talking (noisy)73. Everybody knows a magnet steel (attraction)74. It s very

45、important for everybody to know about road (safe)75. There were three aliens lying by the side if the spaceship (die)76. The TV series was so that I stayed up till midnight (attract)77. Fortunately, the plane landed in the city( safe) s airport78. The water in the river rose two (foot)79. Bill Gate

46、is a business man. (succeed)80. He me yesterday when a robber wanted to kill me. (safe)81. The teacher asks us to read the text (loud)82. Plastic bags pollute the environment and they will not for a very long time.(appear)83. The Indians zero. (invention)84. Our country is becoming more and more the

47、se years. (power)85. The girl is so that everyone in her class likes her. (attract)86. Finally, we reached the of the river. (safe)87. After running, her face got even (red)88. We with the waiter about the price of the meal. (argument)89. I m sorry, I can t tell you the It s a secret. (true)90. Her

48、apartment is on the floor that tall building. (twenty)91. Making with the aliens is possible in the future. (friend)92. The police are trying their best to find the boys. (lose)93. How much do you know about the daily life in ancient ? (Greek)94. Some animals are They are our good friends. (harm)95.

49、 Do you know anything about Diogenes, a famous Greek ?(think)96. Though he had been for many years, we still remember him. ( die)97. The town is for its hot spring. (温泉) ( fame)98. I ran much (fast) than Maria in the 100 -metre race. (fast)99. It is very to learn German well, but a lot to learn Russia, while Chinese islanguage in the world.100. His ambition is to be a great(think).Keys:【课堂练习】(1) Keys: 1