BBC Natural World Satoyama Japan's Secret Watergarden《BBC.自然世界.里山：日本神秘水上花园（2008）》完整中英文对照剧本

1、Imagine a realm where the seasons' rhythms rule,有片乐土 四季的交替主宰这里的一切where centuries of agriculture and fishing have reshaped the land.历经数百年的渔耕 大地沧海桑田Yet where people and nature remain in harmony.但这里的人与自然 依然和谐相处Sangoro Tanaka lives in just such a paradise.田中三五郎就生活在这片乐土At 83, he's a guardian of o

2、ne of Japan's secret watergardens.83岁的他是这一日本神秘水花♥园♥的守护者Over 1000 years,一千多年来towns and villages have developed a unique system这里的村镇已建立一套独特的系统to make springs and water part of their homes.使泉水成为家园的一部分From inside their houses,溪流从家园流出the stream pours into Japan's largest fre

3、shwater lake,汇入古都京都附近near the ancient capital of Kyoto.日本最大的淡水湖里This is a habitat so precious,这片珍奇的栖息地the Japanese have a special word for it: Satoyama.日本人给它起了一个特殊的名字 里山Villages where mountains give way to plains.意为 群山环抱中的村庄They are exceptional environments这里得天独厚的环境essential to both the people who m

4、aintain them,对生活在这里的人和野生动物and to the wildlife that now share them.都至关重要Late February, at Lake Biwa, an area 5 times the size of Paris.这里是二月末的琵琶湖 它的面♥积♥是巴黎的五倍Its year has 4 distinct seasons.这里四季分明Reeds desiccated by winter winds feel the heat of spring.冬天枯萎的芦苇 感受到了春天燃烧的热量They ar

5、e all remain.烧的这些都是剩下的The rest have gone to make roofs or screens.其他的早被制成屋顶或挡风窗Flames consume both pest and weed.火焰能同时消灭害虫和杂草The ash will prove a powerful fertilizer.灰烬则是富足的肥料Destruction creates the very conditions,正是这样的烧肥 创造适宜条件in which a wide range of species will eventually flourish.使这里品类繁多的物种 得以

6、繁荣昌盛By April, new shoots sprout.四月伊始 新芽萌发The fire and smoke have provoked new growth.历经烟火洗礼 生命更加茁壮Spring puts on its new coat.春天让这里焕然一新Melt water cascades from the mountains，融化的雪水于山间潺潺而下swelling the lake till it brims over.不断涌入 直至湖面满溢Parched earth soaked into wetland.浸润了干焦的土地 形成一片湿地Sudden sounds spl

7、it the still of the day.突然的声响 打破了沉寂的一天A chain of male carp dance after a female.一群雄鲤鱼 正尾随追逐一条雌鱼Some are longer than a man's arm,有的雄鲤鱼 比人胳膊都长but she's bigger still, heavy with eggs.但雌鱼因怀卵而体型更大 动作迟缓She releases her eggs up to 200,000 of them,雌鱼一次产卵约20万and the males race to fertilize them.雄鱼们竞相

8、地为它们授精For the rest of the year,一年余下的时光these carp inhabit the chill depths of the lake.这些鲤鱼都栖居于冰冷的湖底To spawn, they must seek warm shallows.但为了产卵 他们必须找寻温暖的浅水Spring's rising energy is released.春天积聚的能量正在释放Over 200 carp crowd here today.今天有两百多条鲤鱼聚集于此The conditions created by the firing of the marsh,湿

9、地的那把火offer an ideal site for breeding.创造了一个理想的繁殖地There are only a few days a year when so many fish throng here.一年中也仅有几天 有如此多的鱼在此扎堆Sangoro, the fisherman, won't miss his chance.渔夫田中绝不会错过此次机会 His methods, his 20-year-old boat,他的捕鱼方法 加上二十年之久的渔船his bamboo pole all are tried and tested.及他的竹篙 都历经磨练 受

10、过考验It takes years to really master the art of punting.真正掌握撑篙技艺 需花费数年The river courses with fresh mountain torrents,河流与新近的雪山激流一起快速流动but here and there, natural springs well up from the bottom.但水面上不时出现从底部涌上的天然泉水The marsh is a maze,这片湿地就像一个迷宫but to Sangoro, it's as familiar as his garden.但田中对它熟悉如同自

11、家花♥园♥ He has some 50 traps set in various corners.他在各个角落撒下了约五十个网The carp are Lake Biwa's spring gift.这些鲤鱼是琵琶湖春季的礼物Sangoro only fishes from March to June,田中仅在三月到六月when the shoals retreat to the lake.鱼群洄游期间捕鱼He uses a simply snare of traditional materials.他用的是传统材料制成的简单罗网There

12、's not even any bait.里面并没有放置任何诱饵He just sinks a trap for the fish to swim into.他只是将网沉至水中 守网待鱼His haul includes other fish as well as carp,除了鲤鱼他也能捕获其他鱼类as they all flock to spawn in the shallows.因为他们都成群结队地来到浅水区产卵This trap is full of carp called crucians.这张网中都是一种叫鲫鱼的鲤科鱼类With a single trap, he may

13、net a dozen fish to take home.一张网或许就能收获十来条鱼As soon as Sangoro returns, he prepares the fish for the table.田中一到家就准备鱼肴The catch is usually sold or cooked for super that evening.通常捕获的鱼会被售卖♥♥或作为当天晚餐But today, he's preparing funazushi.但是今天 他在准备鱼寿司Funazushi is believed to be鱼寿司被认

14、为是how sushi first started, perhaps 1000 years ago.寿司的起源 可追溯到千年前It's salted and fermented crucian carp and rice.主要是盐腌发酵的鲫鱼和米饭It smells sour and takes a long time to make.闻着很酸 制♥作♥耗时First, salt your fish,首先 把鱼盐腌stand for 3 months.放置三个月Mix with boiled rice to ferment,与煮熟的米饭搅拌后

15、发酵leave another 6 months.再放置六个月The ingredients - rice and fish,米饭和鱼 are the key items of the Japanese diet.是日本饮食的核心内容Sangoro's home lies about 2km inland from the lakeshore.田中的家离湖边向内两千米Water from boreholes under the village is piped into the houses.水从地下的井眼通过管道输送至家家户户After it's been used, the

16、 water passes into a manmade stream.用过的水流入一条人造水渠What could be a barren canal teems with hidden life.本应生气寂寥的水渠 却蕴藏着勃勃生机As spring gives way to early summer，春末殆尽 初夏已至aquatic plants reach for the sun.水生植物拥抱着阳光This one takes its name from the tree flower it resembles,这种花的名字来自一种外形相近的树花the palm flower unde

17、rwater buttercup.棕榈花 又名水下毛莨This little stickleback has no scales,这条小棘鱼没有鱼鳞and can only live in the clearest of freshwater.并且只能在最清澈的淡水中存活It normally prefers cold northern currents.正常情况下它更喜欢寒冷的北方水流This is the further south it's found.这里比他的分布区域要更靠南些The channel also harbors some strange-looking crea

18、tures:水渠中还生长着一些长相古怪的生物brook lampreys,比如溪圆口鱼 primitive jawless fish that resemble eels.还有看似鳗鱼的原始无颚鱼A river crab discovers just how slippery lampreys are.一河蟹刚见识了圆口鱼是多么滑溜The channel through the village,穿过村庄的水渠is home to creatures large and small.是这些大大小小生物的家The water sustains people, too.水也供养着村民And in t

19、urn, they use it sustainably.同样 人们也可持续地利用水资源Each home has a built-in pool or water tank每家每户都有内置的水池或水缸that lies partly inside, partly outside its walls.一部分建在屋内 一部分建在墙外In the pool lounge friendly ornamental carp.水池中穿梭着朋友一般的观赏鲤鱼A continuous stream of spring water is piped right into a basin.连续不断的泉水沿着管道

20、正好流入盆中So freshwater is always available.所以现成的淡水用之不竭The carp are not purely ornamental,锦鲤还有观赏以外的用途nor are they to be eaten.当然它们并不用作食物People rinse out pots in the tanks,人们在水池中洗刷锅瓦瓢盆and clean their freshly picked vegetables.清洗新鲜采摘的蔬果If they simply pour the food scraps back in the water,如果他们把残羹剩饭直接倾倒入水中

21、they risk polluting the whole village supply.那么就可能污染整个村庄的水源However,然而carp can scour out even the greasy or burnt pans.鲤鱼甚至能冲刷油腻的或者烧焦的锅盆They do the washing-up in Satoyama villages.他们在里山担任着洗碗刷锅的职责This traditional arrangement is called the riverside method.这传统的安排方法被称为 河滨方法It's used all over Japan.应

22、用于整个日本Cleaned up by the carp,由鲤鱼清理后的池水the tank water eventually rejoins the channel.最终重新汇入水渠For some wildlife, the manmade对一些野生动物而言creek provides an ideal place to raise young.这人造小港湾是孕育后代的理想地Like this variety of freshwater goby,比如这种淡水虾虎鱼a small fish about as long as a little finger.长约小指的一种小鱼The vill

23、agers call it the tiny mud crawler.村民叫它小泥扒A male is busy excavating a breeding site.一条雄鱼正在专心扒出一片育儿地The even bottom supplies a perfect hidey-hole.平整的底部提供了一个理想的藏身之洞As always, the best locations are highly sought after.不难想象 绝佳的位置自然不乏竞争者Here comes another male.另一条雄鱼也趁势前来He'd like to move in.它也想迁入And

24、 he's prepared to fight for it.他已准备为理想居所一战Both do all they can to look threatening.他们各自都竭尽所能地展示♥威♥胁Opening their mouths and张大嘴巴erecting their dorsal fins to look bigger.竖立背鳍 使自己看起来更大It's a victory for the sitting tenant.胜利仍然属于原有的房♥客There's another goby be

25、hind him.另一条虾虎鱼躲在他身后She is hanging upside-down and she's laying eggs.她倒悬着在产卵The victory over the den gave her a place to spawn in safety.巢穴大战之捷使她能够安全地♥产♥卵The old simple life of Satoyama communities里山村民古朴简单的生活is attracting some young Japanese back from the cities.吸引了一些城市里的日本

26、年轻人返乡It's June, 4 months after the hungry flames licked the air.已是六月 火烧湿地已经过去了四个月Reeds that rose from the ashes now reach overhead.从灰烬中重生的芦苇现在已高过头顶The marshy landscape takes on its summer look.湿地景观已换上夏装The dense growth is almost like a jungle.生长密集几乎如同热带密林A world filled with tiny lives.又是一个充满小生命的

27、世界Each single reed stem is a microcosm.每支芦苇茎干都蕴藏着一微观世界Tiny organisms called pseudoplankton live on their surface.称作偶然浮游生物的微生物存活在其表面Forests of tentacles reach out to seize organic material.伸出密集的触须捕抓有机物质Earlier in spring, young carp hatched in the flooded fields,早春之时 鲤鱼宝宝在这片水区孵化They stay there for abo

28、ut 3 months.它们在此大概停留三个月The reed beds are their nurseries,芦苇底层是他们的育儿室where they have plenty to既有大量的食物eat and are concealed from predatory birds.也能躲过食肉鸟类An infant fish meets a sudden end.一条小鱼就这样突然走到了生命尽头It's been grabbed.它被抓住了The attacker is the larva of Japan's largest dragonfly.袭击者是日本最大蜻蜓的幼虫

29、This aggressive ambusher hides in sand or gravel.这侵略性的埋伏者躲在沙子或砾石中Only its head protrudes, as it lies in wait for its prey.当它等待猎物时 只伸出它的头部 Its correct name is the golden-ringed dragonfly.它的学名是 金环蜻蜓But to the Japanese and to Sangoro,但在日本人眼中 在田中看来in its adult form it's the king of dragonflies.它的成虫就

30、是蜻蜓王Chicks accompany a parent coot.小雏鸟跟随着大白冠鸡Now is the best time to find food.现在是捕食的最佳时机An adult calls in warning.一只大白冠鸡发出警告声The cause, the coot's number one enemy, a weasel,因为白冠鸡的头号♥天敌 黄鼠狼的出现egg-thief and baby coot-snatcher.这偷蛋贼 抢夺小鸡的强盗A narrow escape.真是九死一生 险遭不测Waterfowl have to gu

31、ard against foxes and snakes too.水禽还须提防狐狸和蛇For safety, grebes make floating安全起见 鸊鷉搭起了漂流的堡垒 fortresses anchored to firmly rooted plants.固定在扎根很深的植物上An adult bird is particularly alert when the eggs are hatching.成年鸟在孵化鸟蛋时尤其警觉Each grebe has its own territory,每只鸊鷉都有自己的领地and each nests at the same place e

32、very year.每年都在同一个地方建巢Here comes Sangoro.田中过来了The birds know him already.水鸟们已经很熟悉他This is his regular route.这是他的常规路线He spends 2 hours checking all the traps he set yesterday.他花两个小时检查他昨天撒下的所有网His work done, Sangoro returns to the landing stage.做完这一切 田中回到了岸边You should see the ones that got away.你真该见识下那

33、些漏网之鱼Turning muddy banks into reed beds has paid dividends.原本的泥岸变成芦苇荡后 确实收益不少He has nearly 50 fish in all of 8 different types.他共捕获了八种鱼 将近五十条Sangoro won't eat the smallest fish.田中不吃最小的鱼He puts them aside.把它们放置一边He will share his good fortune.他准备分享自己的渔获The grey heron knows what will happen next.这

34、只苍鹭知道下一步会发生什么Sangoro finishes cleaning out his boat,田中完成了渔船内部的清理and another pair of eyes watches his every move.另一双眼睛也在盯着他的一举一动Each fishing season this kite pays Sangoro a visit.每到捕鱼季 这只鸢都会来探访田中When Sangoro leaves, the grey heron doesn't wait any longer.田中走后 苍鹭再也等不及了It's happy to clear up.高兴

35、地清理场地Sangoro left the tiddlers for the birds.田中把小鱼留给了鸟儿们It's his way of sharing nature's riches with those around him.他通过这种方式与它们分享自然And they are only too pleased to take part.而它们显然也欣然接受The kite will take the fish back to hungry chicks.鸢会把鱼带回给饥肠辘辘的幼雏Where the village houses crowd most closely

36、 together,在村屋最密集处above a garden, a lone pine towers.一棵松树赫然耸立于花♥园♥On a branch is a large nest.枝杈上有一个大鸟窝There are two chicks there.里面有两个小家伙They are developing steadily它们在村民悉心的照看下under the watchful eyes of the villagers.茁壮成长Sangoro's gift is a token田中的礼物of the village's cl

37、ose ties with wildlife.是村落与野生世界紧密联♥系♥的象征It's 5 days since the虾虎鱼gobies first laid eggs in the village channel.在水渠中产下卵已有五天了The male is still around.鱼爸爸仍然没有离开He's very protective,它的保护意识很强keeping predators away and taking great care of his offspring.防范猎食者的同时 悉心照料他的后代Golden

38、 eyes peer out of the egg capsules.金黄的小眼从卵囊中探出来They are ready to break out.它们已经可以挣脱卵床了The anxious father fans them, keeping them oxygenated.焦急的鱼爸爸拼命扇水给它们补充氧气The newly-hatched young are barely the size of a match head.新孵出的小鱼还不到火柴头大小Tiny as they are, they are about to embark on a journey.它们凭着这弱小的身躯即将开

39、始一段旅行They will ride the current, the 2km to Lake Biwa.它们会顺着水流到两公里以外的琵琶湖There, they will feed on the abundant plankton.在那里 可以捕食到充足的浮游生物At the same time,与此同时another new life is about to undergo a striking change.另一条新生命将要经历让人惊叹的巨变The larva of a golden-ringed dragonfly.一条金环蜻蜓的幼虫In the dark, hidden from

40、predators.在夜色下 隐匿于猎食者视线之外It quietly begins its metamorphosis.静静地开始蜕变The larva is now a fully-winged dragonfly.幼虫现在已长出了完整的翅膀In ten days, it will be sexually mature十天后它将发育成熟and ready to trigger the next generation.并准备繁衍下一代In the sticky heat of mid-July, villagers gather.湿热的七月中旬 村民们聚在了一起Overgrown banks

41、 block the stream.堤岸上丛生的植物 阻塞了水流Time to clear the water plants.是时候清理水下植物了20 families bond together for their part of the channel.20个家庭齐心协力清理他们的任务河段For the villagers, it's a welcome对于村民来说 这是件乐事task their ancestors carried out for hundreds of years.他们的祖先已经做了几百年For the fish in the creek, it's a

42、 huge nuisance.对于溪流中的鱼儿来说这简直就是灾难Flushed out of the shade of vegetation,从植物的遮蔽中被赶出来后they seek refuge elsewhere.它们要到别处寻找安身之地It's the children's big moment.这是孩子们的节日With wild creatures so close,与野生生物的近距离接触children experience nature directly.让孩子们有机会直接接触自然Fish and birds are an everyday part of the

43、ir lives.小鱼小鸟是他们日常生活的一部分3 months have elapsed at Sangoro's house.在田中家 三个月过去了Sangoro's wife, Chikano washes the fish salted in spring.田中的妻子千贺乃 正清洗春天盐腌的鱼Next, she will bury them in rice.接着她会把它们埋入米饭里Sangoro's job is the back-breaking bit.田中负责体力活儿First, they lay out the fish evenly.首先 他们把鱼平摊

44、Then, they cover them.然后 用米饭盖住鱼They build up several layers.这样要摞上好几层The rice-starch feeds microorganisms that cause fermentation.米饭淀粉给微生物提供繁殖养分以利发酵With nature's blessing,在自然的恩赐下the funazushi will be good again this year.今年的鱼寿司又将很好吃After the clean-up, the channel runs smooth and clear.大清理后 水渠变得顺畅

45、而清澈Small fry are encouraged to return.小鱼们又能回来了The young gobies are now the size of a fingernail.小虾虎鱼现在已经长成指甲壳大小Ten times as big as they were.是刚出生时的10倍The hatchlings from the village这些在村中孵化的小鱼们have spent 2 months feeding on Lake Biwa's planktons.过去两个月一直在琵琶湖捕食浮游生物They press on upstream, no obstacl

46、e deters them.它们逆流而上 势不可挡Not even vertical walls.高墙也不在话下Inland, the channel narrows远离岸边 水渠变窄and ahead lies something only too keen to greet them.前方有它们的敌人 虎视眈眈It's a Japanese keelback.这就是日本水蛇It feeds on fish which is unusual for terrestrial snakes.与一般陆地蛇不同 它以鱼类为食The quick brown keelback catches t

47、he lazy goby.动作敏捷的棕蛇抓住了慢条斯理的虾虎鱼Those who escape continue their travels upstream.逃过一劫的小鱼们 则继续着逆流而上的旅程They must avoid herons and carnivorous fish, too.他们还得躲避白鹭和食肉鱼的攻击The little gobies must find somewhere safe from ambushers.小虾虎鱼们需要找个没有伏击者的地方They bump into a row of fence posts.他们遇到了一排篱笆柱Inside are carp

48、 which won't attack them.里面的鲤鱼不会攻击它们It's the channel that carries away the household's used water.这是排放家用废水的人工水渠Sangoro's pool offers the young goby sanctuary,田中家的水池 成了小虾虎鱼的避难所even if he will have to do the dishes.即使它必须洗刷盘子The villagers endure the humid days村民们和自然界的邻居们一同of late summer

49、 with their natural neighbors.忍♥受夏季末的潮湿天气It's a drowsy afternoon.这是一个令人昏昏欲睡的下午The moist air drains everyone's energy.潮湿的空气在耗尽了人们的活力The temperature of the spring water室内水池的温度in the house pools remains a constant pleasure.却维持着宜人的舒爽Autumn brings welcome fresh breezes.秋天带来了凉爽舒适的微风It&#

50、39;s time to gather rice, the staple food of the Japanese.又到了收割日本人主食稻谷的季节As the rice dries in the autumn sun,稻谷在秋日中风干the smell of hay spreads across the fields.干草的气味弥漫了整个田野With the harvest in, the time has come to give thanks.仓满廪实是感恩的好时节Sangoro picks two live fish from the house pool.田中从室内水池中挑来两条活鱼T

51、hey will survive.它们不会被宰杀But, tomorrow is the day the而是用来在明天god of the rice paddy goes back to the mountains.稻田之神回归山间时放生He won't depart without being given offerings:没有祭品它是不会启程的rice cakes, sake, white radishes and the fresh fish.米饼 清酒 小白萝卜和活鱼Sangoro believes that the田中相信god of his rice paddy will

52、 eat before leaving.稻田之神会在离开之前享用它们The god will return next spring when rice is sown again.然后在明年开春播种时再度降临Each element in nature has its own god.自然界中的每种元素都有它自己的神灵Every tree, rock and stream, 8 million gods of nature in all.所有的树木岩石溪流 共有八百万神灵Prayer and ritual express Sangoro's gratitude.祈祷和祭司 是田中感恩的

53、方式He's almost totally self-sufficient,有了自然的馈赠thanks to the gifts of nature.他几乎完全自给自足It's December, winter's harshness looms.腊月里隆冬的严酷逼近Bitter winds start to gust from the lake.凛冽的寒风从湖畔阵阵袭来Sturdy green gives way to brittle gold.田野的浓绿逐渐被脆嫩的金黄取代Nine months have passed since the scorched eart

54、h sent out shoots.距离大地在灰肥中抽芽已过去九个月Now the reeds soar above.芦苇已经直指长天The slim stems will make screens and thatch.细长的芦苇杆是做屏风和茅屋顶的好材料The farmers cut carefully.农夫们割得很仔细They don't snap or bend the long stalks.他们不会让长杆弯折Practice has made them perfect.常年的实践让他们技巧娴熟They heap the bundles into a tent-like sh

55、ape他们把捆扎好的苇杆堆成帐篷一样的形状called a round stand.称为圆架The stands will be left to dry all through the winter.这些圆架整个冬天都会被留在田里风干The stands are visible reminders of the close connection它们是农民与其创造的环境之间between the farmers and the environment they have created.紧密联♥系♥的象征Winter grips the north of Lake Biwa.冬天袭卷了琵琶湖的北部But even snow can't totally erase the traces of spring.但即使是雪也不能完全消除春天的痕迹In Sangoro's house, the local delicacy is finally ready.在田中家 特产美食终于准备就绪He caught the carp in hi