十六、直接引语和间接引语

1、十六、直接引语和间接引语【知识清单知识清单】一、定义一、定义 直接引述别人的话直接引述别人的话, 叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号里。用自己的话转述别人的话号里。用自己的话转述别人的话, 叫间接引语叫间接引语, 间接引语不用间接引语不用引号引号, 在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则(一一)人称的变化人称的变化: 一随主一随主, 二随宾二随宾, 第三人称不更新第三人称不更新用法用法例句例句一随主一随主直接引语中的直接引语中的第一人称根据第一人称根据间接引语中的间接引

2、语中的主语作相应的主语作相应的变化变化He said, “We love our country. ”He said that they love their country.他说他们热爱他们的国家。他说他们热爱他们的国家。She said to me, “I have left my books in your room. ”She told me she had left her books in my room. 她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。二随宾二随宾直接引语中的直接引语中的第二人称根据第二人称根据间接引语中的间接引语中的主句的宾语作主句的宾语作相应的变化相

3、应的变化Tom asked me, “Are you a teacher? ”Tom asked me if I was a teacher.汤姆问我是否是一名老师。汤姆问我是否是一名老师。He asked me, “Do you have a computer? ”He asked me if I had a computer.他问我是否有计算机。他问我是否有计算机。用法用法例句例句第三人称不更第三人称不更新新直接引语中的直接引语中的第三人称在间第三人称在间接引语中不发接引语中不发生变化生变化Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”Bill said tha

4、t she was his elder sister.比尔说她是他的姐姐。比尔说她是他的姐姐。The teacher told Marys parents, “Mary is a good girl. She is always ready to help others. ”The teacher told Marys parents that Mary was a good girl and she was always ready to help others.老师告诉玛丽的父母老师告诉玛丽的父母, 玛丽是一个好女孩玛丽是一个好女孩, 她她总是乐于助人。总是乐于助人。(二二)时态的变化时态

5、的变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时Tom said, “I usually get up at six. ”Tom said (that) he usually got up at six. 汤姆说他通常六点起床。汤姆说他通常六点起床。Mike told me, “I walked to school yesterday. ”Mike told me h

6、e had walked to school the day before. 迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。Nina told me, “Linda is watching TV at home. ”Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home. 尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。She said, “I will see you at the same place tomorrow. ”She said (that) she would see me at the same place

7、the next day. 她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。Betty said, “I have worked in this factory for over ten years. ”Betty said (that) she had worked in that factory for over ten years. 贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。Bob told me, “I had lived here for years before I moved out. ”Bob told me that he had l

8、ived there for years before he moved out. 鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。(三三)指示代词、时间和地点等变化指示代词、时间和地点等变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days

9、beforethe next daythe next week直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语地点状语地点状语herethere方向性动词方向性动词bringcometakego三、直接引语与间接引语的转换三、直接引语与间接引语的转换用法用法例句例句如果直接引语是陈述句如果直接引语是陈述句, 变成间接引语时变成间接引语时, 引导词引导词用用that, 但在口语中通常但在口语中通常省略省略, 时态、人称和状语时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化都应作相应的变化“Im a teacher. ”she said.She said that she was a teacher.她说她是一名教师。她说她是一

10、名教师。Bill said to me, “I like English very much. ”Bill told me that he liked English very much.比尔告诉我他非常喜欢英语。比尔告诉我他非常喜欢英语。用法用法例句例句如果是一般疑问句如果是一般疑问句, 要用要用连词连词whether或或if引导引导, 后后面用陈述语序面用陈述语序, 时态、人时态、人称和状语都应作相应的称和状语都应作相应的变化变化“Are you a student? ”Ann asked.Ann asked me whether (if) I was a student.安问我是不是一名

11、学生。安问我是不是一名学生。用法用法例句例句如果直接引语是特殊疑如果直接引语是特殊疑问句问句, 要用相应的疑问词要用相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when等引导等引导, 助动词助动词do, does或或did要舍弃要舍弃, 并把疑并把疑问语序改为陈述语序问语序改为陈述语序“What are you doing? ”my father asked.My father asked what I was doing.爸爸问我在做什么。爸爸问我在做什么。用法用法例句例句如果直接引语是祈使句如果直接引语是祈使句, 变为间接引语时多用变为间接引语时多用“名词名词(代词代词)+不

12、定式不定式”结结构构, 否定句在否定句在to前面加前面加not; 引述动词常用引述动词常用ask“请请求求”, tell“告诉告诉”, order“命令命令”等等“Please sit down. ”Jim said to me.Jim asked me to sit down.吉姆请我坐下。吉姆请我坐下。“Dont make any noise. ”the teacher told us.The teacher told us not to make any noise.老师告诉我们别出声。老师告诉我们别出声。【真题速练真题速练】1. (2012孝感中考孝感中考)The teacher sa

13、id to the students, “Dont take mobile phones to school. ”(改为同义句改为同义句)The teacher told the students_ _take mobile phones to school. 答案答案: not to2. (2012自贡中考自贡中考)Tom asked me not to stand here. (把间接引把间接引语改为直接引语语改为直接引语)“stand here. ”Tomto me. 答案答案: Dont; said3. (2012乐山中考乐山中考)Tony said, “I am singing wh

14、en the telephone rings. ”(将直接引语改为间接引语将直接引语改为间接引语)Tony said that singing when the telephone rang. 答案答案: he was4. (2011济南中考济南中考)My friend asked me, “Can you make fruit salad? ”(改写句子改写句子, 句意不变句意不变)My friend asked meImake fruit salad. 答案答案: if; could5. (2011上海中考上海中考)Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know