定语从句和同位语从句的区别

1、定语从句和同位语从句的区别一、定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的； 同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如：1 . We heard the news that he had told her.我们听到他对她说的消息。2 . We heard the news that he had won the game.我们听到消息他赢得了 比赛。例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news ；例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news的进一步说明。二、定语从句的引导词在从句中

2、充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如：1. A pla ne is a machi ne that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。2. The fact that they didn' t finish the work has to be faced.必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例2中的that只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代

3、替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如：1. The news that she heard is true.她听到的消息是真的。2. The news that she will go abroad is true.她将岀国这消息是真的。例1是定语从句，that可省略；例2是同位语从句，that不能省略。3. The reason why he was chose n remai ns unknown.他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。4. The idea why he was chose n attracted our atte nti on.他为什么会被选上，这一想法引

4、起我们的注意。例3中why引导的是定语从句，why可以被for which或that 代替；例4中why弓I导的是同位语从句，why不能省去，也不能被其它词代替。四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用"主+系+表"结构来表示。例如：The news that he won the first place is true.他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。上句假设用"主+系+表"结构来表示， 那么是：The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。意思合理，系表结

5、构成立，故为同位语从句。五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般 都与抽象名词同位，一般没有复数形式。例如：1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to goto school.她的母亲很担忧，她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词，可用复数形式；例 2中的possib

6、ility是抽象名词，后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式。六、由when, why, where 引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但 它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如：1.1 still remember the day whe n I first came to Beiji ng.我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。2. I have n o idea whe n she will be back.我不知道她何时回来。3. This is the house where I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住的房子。4. The q

7、uestion where we shall have a meeting hasn' t decided.我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。例1、3中的when和where引导的是定语从句，day和house分别表示时间和地点；例2、4中的when和where引导的是同位语从句。同位语从句练习题1. The factshe works hard is well known to us all.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2. The facthe was successful proves his ability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.w

8、hy3. The n ewshe was kid napped surprised us greatly.A. whatB.thatC.whyD.whe n4. His suggesti onthe meet ing be delayed was tur ned dow n.A.which B.thatC./D.it5.I have no ideahe will start.A.whe nB.thatC.whatD./6.1've come from the gover nment with amessagethe meeti ng won't be heldtomorrow.

9、A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which7. The thoughthe might fail in the exam worried him.A.whe nB.whichC.whatD.that8. The orderthe pris oner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.thatD.what9. The nu rses are trying their best to reduce the patie nt's fearhe woulddie of the disease.A.thatB.asC.of

10、 whichD.which1O.He often asked me the questionthe work was worth doing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.whe n名词性从句一、语法知识一，主语从句1, 由what等代词引导的从句，表示"所的东西"，实际上等于一个现行 词加上一个定语从句.也可以由-ever等代词引导.What they are talk ing about is nothing valuable.What I really want is to have a good rest.Whatever she did is w

11、rong.Whoever passes the exam can get 50 yua n.Whoever used to have ano ther n ame raise your hand.2, 由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替.That he has disappeared worries his pare nts.It worries his pare nts that he has disappeared.It is not likely that he can win the lottery.It is a big surprise that he is still a

12、live.3, 由连接代词或连接副词或 whether引导的从句.Whe n she will be back is still a questi on.Where they had put the files troubled the spy.Whether he will take part in the play is clear.Whether ornot she will go to Japa n is up to her.二，宾语从句1, 由连接代词或副词引起的从句.Please show me how to make him happy.I don ' t know wh

13、o did all the cleaning.Have you decided whom you will take to Australia?She still won dered whe n she would leave school.I am won deri ng whether/if the dress is too short.He advised me which books I should read.还可以做介词的宾语.The sin ger still worries about where to live.The price depe nds on how many y

14、ou will buy.2, 由关系代词型what等代词引起的从句.I will tell you what I know.We' ll give whatever help you n eed.I pla n to read whichever book you recomme nd.His father was not satisfied with what he had.She walked up to where I stood.3, 由that引起的从句,在believe, think, suppose后常不加that.在think, believe, suppose, ex

15、pect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否认意思，也只将前面的词否认.I don ' t think you can beat me.He doesn' t expect we need worry.有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语.She rem in ded me that I had a meet ing to atte nd.They explained to us that they didn' t mean to make us angry.有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中，that引起的从句常常移到后面，前面用 一个it作为形式宾语.I

16、thought it very impossible that she would come.They took it for gran ted that the sin ger was coming.三，表语从句是接在系动词后面的宾语从句.四，同位语从句, 在 idea, fact rumor, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等等词后面，常常用that或连接代词或副词引导从句.Ihad no idea that they were in that plane.He left me a message that he would buy me a tick

17、etto the rock con cert.The n ews that we will have a on e-m onth vacati on is not true.二、练习与检测1. we n eed more practice is quite clear.A. When B. What C. That D. /2. I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your bus in ess.A. If B. WhetherC. Even if D. No matter when3. knows the truth about it will

18、 tell you.A. Who that B. ThatC. Whoever D. That who4. he is doing seems quite difficult.A. How B. ThatC. Which D. What5. certa in that his inven ti on will lead to the developme nt ofproduct ion.A. That ' s B. This isC. It ' s D. What ' s6. that there is ano ther good harvest this year.A

19、. It says B. It is saidC. It was said D. He was said7. that she has received a doctor' s degree.A. It ' s a splendid news B. This is a splendid newsC. It ' s splendid news D. This is splendid news8. It is stra nge.A. that no one should like this bookB. that no one liked this bookC. that

20、why no one likes this bookD. why no one likes this book9. It is suggested that the experime ntun der low temperature.A. makes B. is makeC. should be made D. will be made10. still n eeds to be discussed.A. How is the plan to be carried outB. How the plan is to be carried outC. Why is the pla n carrie

21、d outD. Why the pla n carried out11. is unknown to us all.A. Where did she put it B. Where she put itC. That where she put it D. In which she put it12. nothing to do with us.A. What he did is B. What he has done isC. What did he do has D. What he has done has13. That ' sthe Party called on us to

22、 do.A. what B. thatC. how D. why14. She lookedshe were ten years youn ger.A. that B. likeC. as D. as though15. The reason I have to go isif I don' t.A. that she will be disappo in tedB. because she will be disappo in tedC. on acco unt of her being disappo in tedD. that she will be disappo inting

23、16. It washe worked hard that he succeeded.A. because B. sinceC. as D. for17. It seemed that the girl.A. had lost importa nt someth ing B. had lost someth ing importa ntC. lost importa nt thi ngs D. lost someth ing importa nt18. The facthe is an adva need worker is well known.A. what B. whichC. that

24、 D. whys policy19. The factin the past few years proves that our Partyis correct.A. that great achieveme nt was madeB. which great achieveme nts were madeC. what have bee n madeD. that great achieveme nts have bee n made20. I have no idea.A. what does the word“ infin ity" meanB. what the word“

25、infin ity" meansC. what the meaning of the word“ infin ity"D. what the word“ infin ity" mean21. His suggestionto see the art exhibition interested every oneof us.A. that we go B. which we should goC. that we would go D. whe n we should go22. I ' II certainly tell the Emperorplease

26、d I am with it.A. how B. whatC. who D. whom23. I won derhe asked such a silly questi on in public.A. how B. whatC. that D. why24. do you thi nk will teach us maths n ext term?A. Whom B. WhoC. What D. That25. I will give this dictionary towants to have it.A. whomever B. whoeverC. whom D. whatever26.

27、Doyou think is rightdifficulties you may have.A. what/however B. that/whatC. whatever/whoever D. what/whatever27. Are you sure?A. whether she is hon est B. that she is hon estyC. she is hon est D. is she hon est28. He was in terested inhe had see n at the exhibiti on.A. which B. thatC. all what D. a

28、ll that29. He often thinks ofhe can do more for the four modernizations.A. what B. howC. that D. which30. Takemuch you want andyou want to.A. however/whe n B. whe never/howC. however/whoever D. however/whe never三、练习与检测答案1 5 CBCDC 6-10 BCACB 11 15 BDADA 16 20 ABCDB21 25 AADBB 26 30 DCDBD、用适当的连词填空:1.1

29、 can't decidediet ionary I should buy.2. That'she refused my in vitatio n.3. I am very in terested inhe has improved his pronun ciati on insuch a short time.4. we n eed is more time.5. The factshe had not said any thi ng at the meet ing surprisedeverybody.6. andthey will meet has not bee n d

30、ecided yet.7. Please tell meyou are wait ing for.8. Is thatyou are look ing for?9. Would you please tell methe n earest post office is?10. I don't knowhe will agree to the pla n or not.定语从句 练习改错 1 This is the factory where we visited last week. 2 This is thewatch for which Tom is look in g.3 The pers on to who you spoke is a stude nt of GradeTwo4. The house in that