现在分词_过去作定语_意义上接近一个定语从句_表示一个正在进行的动作或者表示一个主动的动作

1、1、意义作定语的现在分词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，在意义上相当于一个定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）。2、结构(以do为例)主动式：doing被动式：being doneThe Present Participle as Attributive3、用法单个现在分词作定语常位于被修饰词之前。Dont wake up the sleeping boy = the boy who is sleeping.On the following day, the poor girl died.现在分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。The bird singing in the tree is

2、very beautiful.My uncle working in the south will be back in a few days.现在分词作定语，意义上接近一个定语从句，表示一个现在分词作定语，意义上接近一个定语从句，表示一个正在正在进行进行的动作或者表示一个的动作或者表示一个主动主动的动作。例如：的动作。例如：China is a developing country. = China is a country which is developing.中国是一个发展中国家。中国是一个发展中国家。 I saw a girl who is sleeping in the waiti

3、ng room. =在候车室里我看见一个熟睡的女孩。在候车室里我看见一个熟睡的女孩。The man who is talking with our headmaster is Toms father. =I saw a sleeping girl in the waiting room.The man talking with our headmaster is Toms father.Practice正和校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。正和校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。tips:用现在分词短语作定语时，要注意现在分词所表示动作发用现在分词短语作定语时，要注意现在分词所表示动作发生的时间。生的时

4、间。 1.现在分词表示现在分词表示正在进行的动作正在进行的动作（变为从句时要用进行（变为从句时要用进行时态）时态）vThe boy standing there is a classmate of mine.= The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.vThere were a lot of boys on the playground playing football.= There were a lot of boys on the playground who were playing football. 2.现在分词现在

5、分词还还表示表示经常性的动作或现在（当时）经常性的动作或现在（当时）状态状态，变为从句时用一般现在时或一般过去时。，变为从句时用一般现在时或一般过去时。vThey lived in a room facing the sea.= They lived in a room that faced the sea.vThe house standing at the corner of the street was built in 1955.= The house that stands at the corner of the street was built in 1955. (The Pas

6、t Participle as Attributive)1、意义、意义及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 （1）表示被动和完成）表示被动和完成 used books cooked food a book written by Lu Xun I cant find the lost pen. (2) 只表示完成，不表示被动只表示完成，不表示被动 a retired teacher the fallen leaves a developed country faded

7、flowers2、用法、用法(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常置于其所修饰的词之前，单个的过去分词作定语，常置于其所修饰的词之前， 有时也可置于所修饰的词之后。有时也可置于所修饰的词之后。 We must adapt our thinking to the conditions. changed by them. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 We have no time left. (2)过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简词之后，其意义相当于一个定语

8、从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。洁，多用于书面语中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.= The concert which was given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 注意现在分词与其它非谓语形式作定语的区别注意现在分词与其它非谓语形式作定语的区别： 1、现在分词作定语，表示一个现在分词作定语，表示一个主动主动的、的、正在正在进行进行的动作。如：的动作。如：The professor giving a speech abou

9、t pollution now is from Harvard University.正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。2、 现在分词的被动语态（现在分词的被动语态（being+V-edV-ed）表示一个）表示一个被动被动的、正在进行的、正在进行的动作。的动作。它包含的意思是它包含的意思是: 正在被正在被The freeway being built now will lead to the airport =The freeway which is being built now will lead to airport正在建设的高速公路将直通正在建

10、设的高速公路将直通机场机场。The question which is being discussed is very important. Do you know the boy who is being punished by his parents? =Do you know the boy being punished by his parents?=The question being discussed is very important.4 4、 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个被动被动的、的、已经已经完成完成的的动作。动作。 例如：例如：Th

11、e computer center, built last term, is very popular among the students in the school.The computer center, which was built last term, is very popular among the students in the school.上学期建成的计算机中心很受学校学生的欢迎。上学期建成的计算机中心很受学校学生的欢迎。多数不及物动词的过去分词不能作定语，只有少数多数不及物动词的过去分词不能作定语，只有少数不及物动词的过去分词能作定语，及物动词的过去分词能作定语， 表示

12、该动作在谓语表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前完成。如：动词动作之前完成。如：The path to the library was covered with fallen leaves.I need some boiled water now.PracticeThis is a picture which was painted by my father. = This is a picture painted by my father. The new train which was designed by this expert will be tested next month. = The new train designed by this expert will be tested next month.The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. =The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 5 5、 不定式（不定式（to+to+V.V.）作定语表示一个将来要发生的）作定语表示一个将来要发生的动作。如：动作。如：The patient to be examined next is wa