抗菌药物概论

1、chemotherapeutic Drugs环丝氨酸环丝氨酸 磷霉素磷霉素万古霉素万古霉素 杆菌肽杆菌肽 - -内酰胺类内酰胺类 胞浆内胞浆内 胞浆膜胞浆膜 细胞膜外细胞膜外 通过离子吸附作用通过离子吸附作用 与与G G- - 菌胞浆膜磷脂结合菌胞浆膜磷脂结合 与真菌胞浆膜固醇类物质结合与真菌胞浆膜固醇类物质结合 抑制真菌胞浆膜麦角固醇合成抑制真菌胞浆膜麦角固醇合成磺胺磺胺砜类砜类对氨水杨酸对氨水杨酸甲氧苄啶甲氧苄啶甲氨蝶啶甲氨蝶啶乙胺嘧啶乙胺嘧啶氨基苷类四环素类氯霉素类林可霉素类大环内酯类氨基苷类氨基苷类影响蛋白质合成影响蛋白质合成INTRADUCTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL

2、DRUGS Special terms Chemotherapy - is the treatment of diseases caused by microbial, parasite, malignant cells Antimicrobial Spectrum - is the range of antimicrobial action. It means the number of microorganism that the drug can suppress or kill Bacteriostatic Versus Bactericidal - be sure know the

3、difference. However, these terms are relative and not always accurate Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) - The lowest concentration of the drug that inhibits growth of the organismMinimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) -The minimum concentration for killing 99.9% of testing microorganisms Chem

4、otherapeutic Index (CI) -used to evaluate the safety of the chemotherapeutic drugs, expressed as LD50/ED50 or LD5/ED95 value, the larger of the value, the safer of the body Postantibiotic effect (PAE) - The effect after the concentration decreased below MIC. Usually measured by hours Antibiotic resi

5、stance When an antibiotic is ineffective against a bacterium, it is said to be resistant. Resistance to antibiotics can be acquired or innate Resistance of bacteria to an antibiotic can occur by mutation, adaptation, or gene transferFirst, make absolutely sure that you understand the general princip

6、les of therapy and some definition Second, be aware of the classes of antibiotics and mechanism of action for the class. Note any features that are common to all drugs in the class Where To StartThird, learn the particular adverse effects or special features of administration for the drugs in the class. Do any of the drugs cause potentially fatal side effects? Fourth, learn the broad categories of bacterial spectrum and whe