sexandgenderx

1、SexandGender1. IntroductionInthepastdecades,somepeoplehavealwaystakensexandgenderasonething.However,sexisdifferentfromgenderinnature.Sometimesitisreallydifficulttounderstandexactlywhatismeantbythetermsex”,andhowitdiffersfromthecloselyrelatedtermgender”.However,sexrefersmoretothebiologicalandphysiolo

2、gicalcharacteristics.Thatistosay,youcandefineapersontobeamanorawomanbysex.Gender,however,refersmoretothesociallyconstructedrolesandthecontributionintherelationshipbetweenmenandwomen.Inanotherword,maleandfemalecanbeusedtodescribesexcategorieswhilegendercategoriescanonlybedescribedusingmasculineandfem

3、inine.(LittleandTerrance,2010)Asisconsidered,arealmanmeansmalesexplusmasculinecharacteristicsandbehaviorsthattheculturaldefines.Arealwomanrequiresfemalesexandfemininecharacteristics.Althoughmenandwomenarebornequal,theytakedifferentresponsibilitiesinbothworkandfamilylife.Inwork,menseemtobeamoreleadin

4、groleinateam.Theyareappointedmoreimportantwork.Itisknownthatwomenareplayingmoreandmoreimportantrolesinallarea.Womenevendoabetterjobinsomeareas.Menaremorecompetitiveforaworknotonlybecauseoftheirabilitiesbutalsobecauseoftheirphysiologicalcharacteristicsandthesocialcultures.Inafamily,mentakemorerespons

5、ibilitiesinearningmoneyforthefamily.Womenspendmoretimeathomedoinghouseworkandtakingcareofthechildren.Tobedeeper,menareleadinginfamilylifeandsexlife.However,asthesocietydevelops,homosexualityisacceptedbymoreandmorepeople.Insuchrelationship,thetwodifferentpersonsmayactdifferently.Infact,theycanonlybea

6、ttractedbypeopleinthesamesex.Theyhaveinterestswhentheyareconfrontedwithothers.Suchrelationshipsweresecularhatedinthepasttime.Peoplejustcouldnotunderstandandacceptsuchactions.Luckytothem,peoplenowhaveacceptedthem.Differentpeoplehavedifferentexperiencesandinterests,althoughpeopleseemtojustifythingsbyt

7、heirownrules,differentactionsshouldalsobeaccepted.(Daniel,2009)2. RelationshipsbetweensexandgenderAsthesocialdevelops,peoplearemoreandmoretolerantfordifferentactions.Theybelievethateveryonehastherightstoseekthehappiness.Homosexuality,oncewasconsideredasevilandhideous,becomesacceptedbymoreandmorepeop

8、le.Somepeoplehavedifferentaestheticsandinterests,andpeoplechoosetounderstandthem.Itisconsideredtobeasymbolofsocialprogressthatdifferentrelationshipsareacceptedbythesociety.2.1NormalrelationshipbetweenmaleandfemaleThemostnormalandacceptedfamilyhasalwaysbeencomposedofamanandawoman.Theymayhavesomechild

9、rentobuildacompletefamily.Therelationshipisdecidednotonlythesexcategoriesbutalsodivisionoflaborinsociety.Amansmasculinebeauty,tosomeextent,canbeshowedbythefocustothework.Themoreamancontributestothework,themorecharminghewillbecometothesociety.However,womensbeautymaylieonthesmile.Whenawomanfocusesonth

10、ework,thesmilewilldisappearandfortitudewillbeenhanced.Therefore,toomuchfocusonworkmaymakeawomanlosethefemininefemalebeauty.Thefactisnotusedtosupportthepointthatwomenshouldbeawayfromwork.Wecannotdenythefactthatwomencandoajobaswellasmen.Womenshoulddosuitableamountofworkandspendothertimetoshowtheirfemi

11、ninefemalebeauty.Toacertaindegree,menshowthemselvesthroughsuccessandself-improvement,whilewomensbeautyrelymoreonblandnessandsmile.Femalebeautynotonlyincludesthebodyappearancebutalsotheappearanceandtemperament.Inthispoint,womenaremoresuitableforworkthatneedstocommunicatewithothers.Menareresponsiblefo

12、rexplodingtheworldwhilewomenareresponsibleforenhancerelationshipsbetweenpeople.Manypeoplemaythinkthatthebehaviorandroledifferencesbetweenmenandwomenareduetoculturalfactorsandhumanlong-termculture.Ofcourse,humanlifeandtheculturewillinfluencemaleandfemalebehaviorpatterns,buttheycannotleadtosuchconditi

13、onsabsolutely.Whatelsecanexplainwhyhumanculturewillcreatesuchdifferences?Whetherthesedifferencesinnateoracquiredbytheinfluenceofthesociety.Onepointthatmenandwomenplaydifferentrolesinthesocietyiscertainforeveryone.(Herrick,2009)Infact,thereasonwhyhumancultureprovidesmenandwomendifferentsocialdivision

14、oflaborandrolescanbeexplainedasmenandwomenarebornphysiologicallyandpsychologicallydifferent.Whatismore,menandwomenhaveinnateandinherentdifferencesinthesexesinallaspectsofthethinking,emotions,abilities,interests,andsoon.Theequalityofmenandwomenshouldnotbedefinedthattheirworkmustbeexactlythesame,butsh

15、ouldbereflectedinthewishesofthemenandwomenarefullyrecognizedandaffirmed,onthebasisofeachtodotheirjobs.Ifanyonewantstotrynewroles,he/sheshouldgetsupportandencouragement.Theevolutionofhumancivilizationshapedbygendercharacteristics,includingphysicalcharacteristics,psychologicalcharacteristics,genderima

16、gecharacteristicsanddemeanor,temperamentandotherdistinctivecharacteristics,shouldbeparticularlyworththehumantreasureandcherish.Thecorporationofdifferentgenderwisdomsmakespeopledevelopmorehealthily.Thisistheattractivecharmofsex.Whathasbeendiscussedcanexplainwhymenalwayslovewomen.Thedifferencesbetween

17、themmaybecomeattractivetothem,andoncetheycomposeafamily,theycancollaboratewitheachotherfluently.Thiskindofrelationshipisconsiderednormalandacceptedbecausemostofpeoplewillendinthisway.Thisistheendofmostpeople,sopeoplethinkitnaturalandreasonable.2.2BoyloveWhenonehearsthatoneboyfallsinlovewithanotherbo

18、y.Hemayfeelshockedandunimaginable.Infact,itisnotstrangetowitnesssuchloveanymore.ThepopularfilmBrokebackMountain“tellsalovestorybetweentwoboys,JackandEnnis.(Esposito,DavisandLove,2007)Inthefilm,Jacklookedlikeahappyboy.Hewasconversableandopen-minded.However,Ennisdidnotsaymanywords.Althoughtheycommunic

19、atedwitheachotherrarely,theworkmadethemquitetacitwitheachother.Althoughtheywerenotwillingtoadmitthefactthattheyhadfalleninlovewitheachother,theymadeloveonacolddayafterdrinkingalotofalcohol.ThetwoyoungmenspentthehappiesttimeinBrokebackMountain.Astheyendedthetimeandreturnedtothetown,theyhadtogiveupand

20、composedtheirownfamiliesrespectively.Althoughtheylivedapart,theymissedeachothersoeagerlythattheymetagain.Theybothknewthelovebetweenthem.However,thefamilyborealotbyknowingtherelationshipbetweenthem,andsowereJackandEnnis.Inthattime,suchrelationshipwasnotacceptedbypeople.Peoplewhofellintosuchrelationsh

21、ipalmostendedinatragedy.(Grindstaff,2008)IntheBible,homosexualityisexplicitlycondemned.Religiousbeliefplayedanimportantroleininfluencingpeoplesattitudetofamily.Intraditionalway,familyandmarriageisbasedonChristswordsthatamanandawifearetoberegardedasasingleorganisminafamily.Onlysuchintimaterelationshi

22、psinthefamilyareaccepted.PeoplewhobelieveintheBiblevaluethefamilyverymuchandtheythinkthefamilyasthebasicandpermanenthumaninstitution.Theywillneversupporthomosexuals,andtheyevencallonlawstopunishadulteryandexecutedhomosexualsseverely.Thosewithgayorientationshavealwaysbeencalledsick,sinfulorperverse.T

23、hiscanbeareflectionofpeoplesattitudetohomosexuals.InthefilmBrokebackMountain”,thelovebetweenJackandEnnismovedalotofpeople,andtheyhadtherightstoseektheirownhappiness.However,whohaseventhoughtfortheirwivesandchildren.Inthefilm,afterknowingtherelationshipbetweenJackandEnnis,Almawassosadaboutthis.Nomatt

24、erwhathappened,themanshouldtaketheresponsibilityofthefamily.Althoughthelovebetweenthetwoyoungmenwasmovingandconstant,theyshouldalsodealwiththefamilyinasuitableway.(Snider,2008)ThroughtheinterpretationofthehomosexualmovieBrokebackMountain”,wecanfeelthemiseriesofthehomosexualslivinginthehomosexual-dom

25、inatingworld.Thosehomosexualsfeelthattheyareoutsidersofthefamily,theycanneitheracceptedbytheheterosexualfamiliesnorformthehomosexualfamiliestokeeptheirwayoflife.Thelifestyleofhomosexualsdeemedtobeatragedyinthattime.Theconflictsthatmakehomosexualsliveinatwistylifestylelieondifferentattitudestohomosex

26、uality.Theconflictsalsohaveresultedinmisfortunesofmanypeople.Homosexualityandheterosexualfamilyappearedalongtimeago.Inancienttimes,peoplefeltitnaturaltoformafamilywithoneoftheoppositesex.Intheconcept,theexistenceofhomosexualsisobviouslyignored.However,thehomosexualsneedmorecareandsupports.Ifthehomos

27、exualsarewillingtoliveahappylife,theymustexperiencemorethanthenormalpeople.Theyneedtodealwiththedivisionoffamilyresponsibilitiesbecausethetwohomosexualsaresameinmostaspects.Besides,theyneedtobearthecontemptfromotherpeople.Astheycannotdecidewhatkindofpeopletheymayfallinlovewith,justseekforthehappines

28、s.Leavethecontemptbehind.2.3GirlloveManypeoplehavebeendeeplyimpressedbythefilmBrokebackMountainnotonlybecauseofthebeautifulsceneinthefilmbutalsobecauseofthepurelovebetweenthetwoyoungmen.AnotherfilmBoysDontCrycanalsoimpressyou.Thefilmdescribesthestoryofagirl,namedBrandon,whoonlylovedgirls.Inthisfilm,

29、theexperiencesofBrandontriedtoconvincepeopletheideathatoneshouldgoonseekinghis/herdreamwithoutstopping.Brandoncametothesmalltowninaboysappearance,andhisappearingbrokeupthepeaceofthesmalltown.Everyonewasattractedbyhertrueness.Girlsshowedlovetoherandboyslikedtomakefriendswithher.ThoughBrandonwasfamous

30、inthesmallton,shestillliveddiscreetlybecauseshedidnotwantotherstoknowhersecretsthatshewasagirl.ShefellinlovewithRanaatthefirstsight.Theysoonfellinlovewitheachother.Finally,thesecretofBrandonwasknownbyeveryoneinthetown.Ranachosetosupportherandinsistedtobewithher.However,hereverfriends“TomandJohnfelti

31、nsultedbyher.Theyrapedandbrutallykilledher.AlthoughthelovebetweenBrandonandRanaimpressedusdeeply,thetragicendingwasalsothought-provoking.Homosexualwomenprefertobecalledlesbians”.Theygotthenamesalsobecausepeopleatthattimelookeddownonsuchrelationships.Thedomesticrelationshipsinsame-sexmarriageseemquit

32、edifferentwithopposite-sexmarriage.Eventhoughtheycanacceptthemy-turn-your-turnsexualinteraction,theymaynotenjoythefamilylifeinthelongrun.Referringtohomosexuality,thefilmalsodeconstructsgenderandsexuality.Therearevarioustraditionalandnontraditionaltheoriesofthefamily.Intraditionaltheories,awomaniscon

33、sideredtobemarriedwithaman.(Lasser,RyserandLarry,2010)Nomatterwhatpeoplethinkaboutlesbians,theyhaverightstoseekforloveandhappiness.Justasthefilmimplies,donotbestoppedinthewayfordream.Insuchfamily,thetwopeoplemaytakedifferentresponsibilities.Asisknownbyeveryone,sexisnotthedeterminantforgender.Onesgen

34、dercandecidewhathe/shecandotosomeextent.Forhomosexualfamily,thebiggestproblemisnotbetweenthetwopeoplewiththesamesex,buttheattitudestothemfromotherpeople.(Sinclair,2009)Asthefilmimplied,peopleatthattimehatedhomosexualityverymuch.Itisquitebravetomakeheterosexuallovepublic.Ifthetwohomosexualscanconquer

35、alltheproblems,theydeservethehappylife.3. AnalysisandInfluenceofsuchrelationshipsPeoplethosewhohavelesbianorgayorientationshavebeenthoughtasun-normal.Theylivedhardlyinthesociety.Inancienttimes,AncientGreeksheldatolerantattitudetogaypeople.Theysupportedandrecordedthelovebetweenpeoplewiththesamesex.However,asChristianbecamemoreandmorepopular,homosexualsfoundithardtosurvivebecausehomosexualityisforbadintheBible.Asthedevelopmentofthesociety,amassofgayliberationsmovementwasborn.Theyfoughtformorerightsandsocialstatus.Gayschallengedallformsofhostilityandpunishmentthatthesociety