高中英语 虚拟语气

1、GrammarSubjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气一一. 语气的分类语气的分类1.陈述语气陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实用来陈述一个事实,或提出或提出一种看法一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!2.祈使祈使语气语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等命令，警告或劝

2、告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue.英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气和祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。3.虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句,也也可用于名词性从句等可用于名词性从句等.例如：例如：1）If I were you,I would not leave h

3、er alone.2）If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.3）If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the match.4）Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afternoon.二二.虚拟语气的用虚拟语气的用法法:（一）（一）. 用于用于条件状语从句条件状语从句中中:主从主从 句句构构 成成时态时态虚拟条件虚拟条件 从句从句主主 句句例例 句句 与现与现在事实在事实相反的相反的 假设假设 与过与过去事实

4、去事实相反的相反的 假设假设If + 主语主语 + 动词过动词过去时去时 (be用用 were)主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词动词原形原形 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If + 主语主语 + had +过去分词过去分词主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might + have+ 过去分词过去分词 If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.1. If条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气 主从主从 句句构构 成

5、成虚拟条件虚拟条件 从句从句主主 句句例例 句句 与将与将来情况来情况相反的相反的 假设假设If + 主语主语 + 动词的过动词的过去时去时 If + 主语主语 + were to + 动词原形动词原形 If + 主语主语 + should + 动词原形动词原形主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词原形动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he shou

6、ld not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week.时态时态 虚拟语气中的倒装：虚拟语气中的倒装： 如果条件句中有如果条件句中有were,had,should 等等助动词助动词，可，可将将if省略，而把省略，而把were,had或或should置于句首置于句首,来表来表达以达以if引导的条件句的相同意思引导的条件句的相同意思1) If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.Had you taken my advice, youd have passe

7、d the exam.2) If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.Were it to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.3) If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next weekShoule he not come tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting till next week.2

8、.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 即用即用without(but for) “要不是要不是”,or(else) “否则否则”if it were not for/ if it had not been for(=without/ but for),but代替代替if从句。从句。1）Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.2

9、）She would have come here, but she was too busy with her homework. She would have come here, if she had not been too busy with her homework.虚拟语气高考链接虚拟语气高考链接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析析: :此题此题A A、D D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没

10、有去。明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B B选选项若为项若为would havewould have则成立，可以理解为则成立，可以理解为I would have I would have come if Icome if I hadn hadnt had an unexpected visitor.t had an unexpected visitor.的的简略式。但此处是简略式。但此处是would,would,故应排除。只有故应排除。只有was going was going toto可得体地表达可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访造访”这一意思。这

11、一意思。 3) If it had not been for the captains efforts, the ship would have sunk.3. 混合虚拟语气/错综虚拟语气 即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，多见从句用过去完成时（表示与过去相不一致，多见从句用过去完成时（表示与过去相反），主句用反），主句用would/ could / should/ might+ do(表示与现在相反表示与现在相反)，如：，如：1）If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be qu

12、ite all right now. 2）He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 3 ） If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now. （二）（二）. 虚拟语气用虚拟语气用于名词性从句中于名词性从句中:1.1. 用于主语从句中用于主语从句中: :(1) It is suggested / requested / demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 从句中从句中, 从句用从句用

13、 (should) + 动词原形动词原形: eg: Its suggested that the meeting (should)be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once.注意：注意：“坚决要命坚决要命”类动词所接的四种名词性从句（主从、类动词所接的四种名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。“坚决要坚决要命命”:insist, advise,suggest,propose

14、;deside;require, request,desire,demand; order, command(2)用在用在 It is necessary / important / strange / natural / surprising / essential / vital/ a pity+从句中从句中, 从句用从句用(should) + 动动 词原形词原形 : eg: It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected. It is strange that he should have

15、said so. It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy. 2. 用于宾语从句中用于宾语从句中:(1)在wish后的宾从表与现在相反用一般过去时（系词用were）;与过去相反用过去完成时；与将来相反用would/ could/ might+动词原形: How I wish _ a bird and could fly freely in the sky!（be） I wish I _ so many mistakes in the last exam.( make ) How I wish it _ raining no

16、w!(be)wereHad not madeWerent(2)在would rather后接从句,用过去时表示与现在或将来相反;用过去完成时表示与过去相反: eg. Id rather you came tomorrow. Id rather you hadnt told him the news.(3)在advise, demand, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后用should + 动词原形, should可以省略: eg. He suggested we (should) start off early the nex

17、t day. We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.但是但是: 当当suggest表示表示“暗示暗示,表明表明” insist表示表示“坚坚 持认为持认为”时时,不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气: eg. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our w

18、ork. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.3. 用于表语从句中用于表语从句中:在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的表语从句等后面的表语从句中中:eg. My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart. The generals order was that all the soldie

19、rs reach the border in ten hours.4. 用于用于同位语从句同位语从句中中: 在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的同位语从句中等后面的同位语从句中, 如如:E.g. We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing. Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border. Here is the doctors advice that

20、you should take the medicine 4 times a day.（三）（三）. 用用于其他句型于其他句型: 1.在在It is (high) time that 句型中句型中, 定语从句的谓定语从句的谓语动词用过去时语动词用过去时, 或或should + 动词原形动词原形(should不能不能省略省略):eg. It is (high) time that you went to school. Its time you did something about it. It is (high) time that we should start out.2. 用于用于 i

21、f only(要是要是就好了就好了) 引导的感叹引导的感叹句中，用句中，用法同法同wish , 如如:eg. If only I were a bird! If only I had known her telephone number / e-mail address! If only I hadnt lost it! If only the letter had arrived in time! 3 用于用于as if, as though 引导的从句时引导的从句时: 以以as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用的方式状语从，

22、如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气虚拟语气, 与现在相反用过去时，与过去相与现在相反用过去时，与过去相反用过去完成时。如：反用过去完成时。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he were an adult.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.Better take an umbrella with you. It look as if a heven rain is around the corner. 4. M

23、ay + 动词原形，表示祝愿动词原形，表示祝愿.如如: May the friendship between our two peoples last forever! May you succeed! May the plan work!1.If I had had enough time, I_ my work. A.would finish B.must have finished C.would have finishedD.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A.will catch B.would catch

24、C.would have caughtD.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week. A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed CCAD5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his ro

25、om. A.knowB.knownC.knewD.should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day. A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything _. A.will die B.would die C.would have diedD.would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen ,I would never have left h

26、er alone. A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known CABA9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A

27、.you stayedB.you stayC.stayedD.stay 11. _ in your position, I would help him. A.Was IB.Were IC.If I amD.If I had been 12.I _, but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A.mean to come B.meant to come C.had meant to comeD.meant coming DABC13.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel. A.not to stay B.not staying

28、 C.staying not D.that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would_. A.understand it B.have understood C.be understoodD.have been understood 15.If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A.havent watchedB.hadnt watched C.didnt watch D.wouldnt have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he _ a Chinese. A.isB.beC.should beD.wereDDBD17.If he _, he_ that food. Luckily he was s