高二英语gettingalongwithothers课件15教学内容

1、高二英语gettingalongwithothers课件15Part 1 To-infinitive1. to do as a subject The cat said, “to take roller coaster is terrible ”. The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.”How long did it take you to take roller coaster?How terrible it is to take roller coaster!不定式短语作主语时不定式短语作主语时, 可以直接放在句可以直接放在

2、句首首, 但在很多情况下但在很多情况下, 尤其是在疑问句和尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中感叹句中, 往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后, 而用先行而用先行代词代词it作形式主语。作形式主语。It作形式主语作形式主语,不定式作真主语常见句型不定式作真主语常见句型:Its my duty to teach you how to learn English well. It requires patience to be a good teacher. a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a

3、pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式不定式c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式不定式2. to do as a predictiveOur most important task now is to make a plan.当句子的主语是当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是等或者主语是what引导的引导的名词性从句名

4、词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。注注: 作表语的不定式都带作表语的不定式都带to, 但当主语部但当主语部分有实义动词分有实义动词do时时, to可以省略可以省略。Now the only thing we can do is wait.当不定式充当表语的时候当不定式充当表语的时候, 表示具体动表示具体动作或是将来要发生的动作。如作或是将来要发生的动作。如:1. My wish is to be a doctor.2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret.3. H

5、is plan is to go abroad and continue his studies.PS: 动名词和不定式同样都可以充当动名词和不定式同样都可以充当表语表语,两者的区别在于不定式表达是具两者的区别在于不定式表达是具体或是将来发生动作，而动名词则表体或是将来发生动作，而动名词则表示抽象的一般行为。示抽象的一般行为。1. His job is delivering the letters to their destinations.2. My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking.3. To do as an obje

6、ctThe cat said “Remember not to take it next time!” (Tips:不定式否定为不定式否定为not to) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多, 如如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish2005年天津卷年天津卷12题：题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of an

7、ybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded当不定式短语比宾补长时当不定式短语比宾补长时, 往往将往往将不定式放到宾补后不定式放到宾补后, 而用先行代词而用先行代词it作形式宾语作形式宾语, 常用动词有常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 只有少数介词如只有少数介词如but, ex

8、cept等后面可等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带介词宾语的不定式都带to，但，但如果如果but或或except所在句子里的谓语动词所在句子里的谓语动词含有含有do, does, did时，通常省略时，通常省略to。We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wait.4. to do as an object complement You should get them to help you. (They will help you.)(常用谓语动词有常用谓语动词有:

9、 get, ask, force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want, like, expect, advise, beg, cause, persuade, teach, warn, hate, permit,forbid, encourage等。等。)通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里:Verb +sb/sth + to do sthThe boss made her work long hours. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补She主语主语was made 谓语谓语to work 主补主补long hour

10、s (by her boss).2005全国卷全国卷(I)No.18While watching television, _.A. The doorbell rangB. The doorbell ringsC. We heard the doorbell ringD. We heard the doorbell rings2005福建卷福建卷No.23If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message.A. have B. get C. ask D.tellTips:有些动词后面须接有些动词后面须接不

11、带不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的不定式做宾语补足语, 常用的动词有常用的动词有:make, let, have, see; hear, watch, notice, feel; look at, listen to; help, observe 等等,但是句子变成被动语态后但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式不定式成为句子的主语补足语成为句子的主语补足语, 需带需带to。I would rather _ (go) swimming. You had better _ (tidy) your bedroom. Why not _ (visit) your cousin in Japan?Tips:有

12、些句型后面须接有些句型后面须接不带不带to的不的不定式。定式。gotidyvisitShe told me _ (be) cheerful and _ (look) on the bright side. We had nothing _ (do) but _ (watch) TV.Tips: 当两个不定式当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than或或rather than连接起来时，连接起来时， 第二个不定式第二个不定式符号省略。符号省略。to belookto dowatch5. to do as an attributiveHe has not kept his p

13、romise _ (write) to his parents regularly. She made a decision _(go) abroad for a year.不定式可以在句子充当后置定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语, 修饰修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语: 能带不定式作宾语的动词能带不定式作宾语的动词, 其同源其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等等His eagerness to finish his homework was quite

14、clear. 常与不定式搭配的形容词常与不定式搭配的形容词, 其同源其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。名词一般可以用不定式作定语。 常见的有常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等等 She was the only person to survive after the earthquake. 序数词序数词,形容词最高级或被形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。定语。Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. (

15、=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主谓关系主谓关系) I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位关系同位关系) She has a meeting to attend. (=attend a meeting)Theres nothing to worry about. (=worry about nothing)(动宾关系动宾关系)Tips: 不定式在作定语时不定式在作定语时, 有时与被有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的修饰的名词有意义上的主谓主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系关系、同位关系、动宾关系, 如果该不定式

16、是不及物动词如果该不定式是不及物动词, 它后面需要加上适当介词它后面需要加上适当介词。6. to do as an adverbial不定式可以作状不定式可以作状语语, 表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。2005年辽宁卷年辽宁卷22题：题：All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving

17、 so as to (不能放句首不能放句首), to, in order to作目作目的状语的状语He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone. to find B. finding A.C. found D. to have found 在在soas to, suchas to, only to 结构中结构中不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语, 其中其中only to用于表用于表示意想不到的结果。示意想不到的结果。The boy isnt old enough to go to school.= The boy is too

18、young to go to school. enough to, tooto结构结构 I am glad to meet you. 形容词形容词(glad, happy, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等等)+ 不定式结构作原因状语不定式结构作原因状语 To tell you the truth, I hate you.7. 作插入语作插入语, 用来说明说话人的态度、用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释看法、对整个句子进行解释, 如如to be frank/

19、honest(坦白地说坦白地说), to be sure(确实确实), to make the matter worse(更糟糕的是更糟糕的是)等。等。 The order to start the general attack soon came. 8. 作同位语作同位语 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式 Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in. 不定式的进行式：不定式的进行式：to be + V-ing, 用用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不来表示谓语动词动作发生时

20、，不定式的动作正在进行。定式的动作正在进行。2005年江苏卷年江苏卷No.25- Is Bob still performing?- Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left 不定式完成式不定式完成式: to have + V-ed构成构成, 用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。2006年四川卷年四川卷No.26The Chinese are p

21、roud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be heldThe book is said to have been translated into many languages. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式要不定式要用被动语态。用被动语态。 不定式的被动式分为一般式被动不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed和完成式被动和完成式被动to have been V-edThe ques

22、tion is difficult to answer. He is hard to get along with. Tips:当句式为当句式为:主语主语+be+adj.+to do时时,且且to do的逻辑宾语是句子主语的逻辑宾语是句子主语时时, to do不用被动语态。不用被动语态。表表 语语主主 语语宾宾 语语不定式不定式宾语补足语宾语补足语定定 语语状状 语语Part 2 Verb-ing form as a noun1. 动名词的句法功能动名词的句法功能: 动名词由动词加动名词由动词加ing构成构成, 与现在分词的形式相同。动与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用名词主要起名词作

23、用, 在句中担任主在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。语、表语、宾语和定语。Seeing is believing. (眼见为实眼见为实)Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 作主语作主语, 可以直接放在句首可以直接放在句首, 但在某但在某些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语作为形式主语, 而把动名词后置而把动名词后置, 如如:It is no use (good) + 动名词动名词: 做某事做某事没用没用(不好不好) Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收覆水难收)Its no g

24、ood smoking in public.His hobby is collecting stamps.可改为可改为: Collecting stamps is his hobby. Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构结构)不能改为不能改为: Collecting stamps is he. 作表语作表语: 通常是说明主语的内容通常是说明主语的内容, 注注 意它与谓语动词进行时的区别意它与谓语动词进行时的区别2006年北京卷年北京卷No.35.I cant stand _ with

25、Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop A.D. To work; to stop2005年上海卷年上海卷No.32He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being

26、lost2006年江苏卷年江苏卷N0.32- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.- My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been 作宾语作宾语A. 作及物动词的宾语作及物动词的宾语(stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, fin

27、ish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss, risk, deny, allow, forbid等等)I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven. I prefer driving to riding.Tips:有些动词有些动词 (continue, prefer,begin, hate, like, start, love)后面既可以接不后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语定式作宾语，也可以接动

28、名词作宾语, 意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性指一般的倾向性, 用不定式则表示特定用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。或具体某一种动作。2005年北京卷年北京卷No.30When asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _.A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave有些动词有些动词, 如如forget, remember, r

29、egret等等, 后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。谓语动词。B. 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 2005年浙江卷年浙江卷No.3The president spoke at the businessmeeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying onbe used to doing 习惯于做习惯于做; look forward to doing

30、 盼望做盼望做; devote ones life to doing 致力于做致力于做; spend time (in) doing 花时间做花时间做; be fond of doing 喜爱做喜爱做; be good at doing 擅长做擅长做; be proud of doing 为做为做而自豪而自豪; be tired of doing 对做对做感到厌倦感到厌倦; feel like doing 欲想做欲想做; lead to导致导致; insist on坚持要做坚持要做; object反对反对; succeed/be successful in 成功地做了成功地做了go on do

31、ing 继续做继续做(原来的事原来的事); keep on doing 不停地做不停地做; what about doing 做做怎么样怎么样; think of doing 考虑考虑做做; be interested in doing 对做对做感兴趣感兴趣; have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难做某事有困难; be busy (in) doing 忙于忙于做做; instead of doing 做做而不做而不做2005年江苏卷年江苏卷No.23Everybody in the village likes Jack because he

32、 is good at telling and _ jokes.A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up 作定语作定语动名词可作前置定语动名词可作前置定语, 表示所修饰的表示所修饰的词的用途或目的词的用途或目的, 可用可用for改写改写;而现在而现在分词作定语时分词作定语时, 可用定语从句改写。可用定语从句改写。swimming pool, waiting room, walking sticka sleeping car =a car for sleepinga sleeping child=a child who is s

33、leeping Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 作同位语作同位语 这就是蚁后的专职工作这就是蚁后的专职工作产卵。产卵。2. 动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语 Do you mind my smoking here? 人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格, 即形容词性物主代词。即形容词性物主代词。 He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. Theres no need for that being done. 逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时逻辑主语是不定代词或

34、指示代词时, 很少用所有格很少用所有格, 而用普通格。而用普通格。 逻辑主语是名词时逻辑主语是名词时, 用所有格用所有格, 但是但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。通格。Marys laughing made Tom angry.There is no hope of the factory making profit. 在口语中在口语中, 动名词如果不在句首，动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。作逻辑主语。2005年安徽卷年安徽卷 No.34I really cant understand _ her

35、like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating3. 动名词的完成式动名词的完成式(having done)、一般式被动一般式被动(being done)和完成式和完成式被动被动(having been done)。After having finished his work, he went home. He attended the meeting without being asked. She never told me about her having been interviewed by th

36、e police.表语表语主语主语宾语宾语动名词动名词定语定语高考链接高考链接1. I have a very important meeting to attend. (P8)考点考点 动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语。考例考例 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. （四川（四川2006）hold B. holding A.C. held D. to be held点拨点拨 选选D。根据。根据in 2008可知要用表可知要用表将来的时态；将来的时态；the 29th Olympic Gam

37、es和和hold之间是被动关系，故答之间是被动关系，故答案应选案应选D。动词不定式被动语态作后。动词不定式被动语态作后置定语，表示将来和被动两重含义。置定语，表示将来和被动两重含义。2. Although I have fun with my online friends, I know that my real friends are more important than my online friends.(P11)考点考点 although引导让步状语从句，意引导让步状语从句，意为为“虽然虽然；尽管；尽管”。考例考例 _ he has limited technical knowled

38、ge, the old worker has a lot of experience. （2006全国卷全国卷）A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although点拨点拨 选选D。although引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句，表示表示“虽然虽然”，本句句意为：虽然这，本句句意为：虽然这位老工人在技术知识方面很有限，但他位老工人在技术知识方面很有限，但他有丰富的经验。上下句子为转折关系。有丰富的经验。上下句子为转折关系。其他几个连词其他几个连词since（既然（既然），），unless（除非），（除非），as（当（当时；因为时；因为）在）在此与句子的逻辑意义不符。此与

39、句子的逻辑意义不符。3. We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice.(P13)考点考点 practical 可行的，实用的。可行的，实用的。考例考例 When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _ suggestions. （2004全国卷全国卷 ）careful B. practicalA.C. effective D. acceptable点拨点拨 选选B。careful细心的；细心的；practical可行的，实用的；可行的，实用的；effective有效

40、的，有效的，生效的；生效的；acceptable可接受的。根据句可接受的。根据句意可知应选意可知应选B。4. We wont tell anyone about your call unless you want us to. (P13)考点考点 unless 引导条件状语从句，意为引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不，除非如果不，除非”。考例考例 _ youve tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. (北京北京2006)Unless B. BecauseA.C. Although D. When点拨点拨 选选A。unless 引导条件状语从句，引导条件状语从句，表示表示“除非除非”。句意为：你很难想象。句意为：你很难想象它有多么快乐，除非你试过。它有多么快乐，除非你试过。because因为；因为；although尽管；尽管；when当当时。时。1. Last Sunday mor