BEC高级写作WritingHigher(Graph)

1、Training Plan 1st Class (23rd Sept.): General Introduction; Graph Writing 2nd Class (14th Oct.): Business Letter 3rd Class (21st Oct.): Business Report 4th Class (4th Nov.): Business ProposalA General Introduction to BEC Higher Time limit: 70 mins Part 1: Graph Writing: (120 -140 words) Part 2: Busi

2、ness Letter, Business Report, or Business Proposal (200 250 words)Scoring Criteria Band 5: (9-10分) 很好地完成试题规定的任务，对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果，给读者的印象颇佳。 内容覆盖了所有要求的信息点； 语言自然流畅，错误极少； 语法结构和词汇表达丰富多变； 文章结构完整连贯，层次清晰； 语域与格式使用正确。 Band 4: (7-8分) 较好地完成试题规定的任务，对目标读者产生了预期的效果，给读者的印象良好。 信息点完整，覆盖了所有要求的信息点，可能有少的遗漏； 语言自然，在使用复杂语言时才

3、出现一些错误； 语法结构和词汇表达较为丰富； 文章结构较为完整，连贯性好； 语域与格式使用基本正确。 Band 3: ( 5-6分) 基本完成试题规定的任务，对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果，给读者的印象较好。 覆盖了重要的信息点，但有小的疏漏； 比较规范，尽管在进行一些大胆尝试时有一些并不妨碍作者与读者之间交流的语言错误； 掌握了一定的词汇与语法结构； 文章的结构与连贯性令人满意； 语域与格式的使用尚可，尽管不完全成功。 Band 2: (3-4分) 未能按要求完成试题规定的任务，给读者的印象不好。 遗漏了一些主要的信息点或处理不当，可能有些不切题； 文章中的错误妨碍交流，且错误多； 语言结构

4、和词汇量有限；语言针对这个级别来说太初级； 内容组织条理不清； 语域与格式不正确。 Band 1: (1-2分) 未达到任务要求，给读者的印象不好。 信息点缺失相当多，大量内容不切题； 语言运用能力差，经常犯一些最基本的语法错误； 语言结构单一，词汇贫乏； 缺乏组织性； 几乎没有使用恰当的语域与格式。 Band 0: 没有信息点或完全是无关信息，无法评价；字数少于要求字数的25%，或字迹模糊难以辨认。 Notes: content; language; structure & vocabulary; organization Graph Writing 1. What is a gra

5、ph? table , line graph, bar chart, pie chart 2. Sample Directions The bar chart below presents information about the Australian economy: the profits of manufacturing, mining, retail trade and other industrial fields in the early 1990s. Using the information from the chart, write a short report descr

6、ibing the trends in profits shown in the table. Write 120-140 words on the separate answer paper provided. Six Principles on Language Correctness Clarity Conciseness Concreteness Completeness Courtesy (1)恰当的语言风格恰当的语言风格 approximately inquire ascertain obtain assist participate construct purchase cont

7、ribute sufficient difficult utilize About Ask find out receive help share build buy give enough hard use (2)准确的措词和信息 a lot / allot all right / alright cannot / can not different from / different than . due to / because of effect / affect fewer / less lie / lay principal / principle that /which their

8、 / them / they re wait for / wait on 2清楚清楚(Clarity) (1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization) 常用的逻辑布局方法包括： 因果关系(Cause & Effect) 时间顺序(Chronological Development) 序列顺序(Sequential Development) 比较(Comparison) 一般到特殊(From General to Specific) 特殊到一般(From Specific to General)(2)合理构架句群与段落 例句： 修改前: Marshall Corporatio

9、n was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals. 修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.(3) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近 A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing i

10、n a small shop which costs $ 25.00. They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing. B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled. He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled. C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions. Thos

11、e who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.(4) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。 We shall take a firm line with the firm We shall take a strong line with the film 3简洁简洁(Conciseness) A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad. We have begun to export our machines. B. In the event that you spe

12、ak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule. If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule. Use simple language please prefer because will you be good enough to express a preference for for the reason that 少用陈词

13、滥调(Omit trite expressions) as the case may be it has come to my attention at an early age avail yourself of this opportunity previous to避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复 We would like to A long period of time During the year of 1995 . In the city of Dallas During the time that Please a long time during 1995 in Dalla

14、s while 删改无关紧要的成份 A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do, B. For your information we enclose a catalogue. C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.4具体具体(Concreteness)A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance. These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car

15、within 24 feet.B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible. Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.C. She is a fast typist. She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.使用具体词汇 A. We have no hesitation in advising you We advise you B. The

16、 preparation of new price scale is in hand. New price scales are being prepared this week. C. Due to the unusual nature of the request, As the request is unusual, 5完整完整(Completeness) 自查：谁(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么时候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 为什么(Why)? 怎么样(How)? 6礼貌礼貌(Courtesy) Dear Mrs. Walters, Because you delay

17、ed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on hand Yours truly, Dear Mrs. Walters If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock. The Model GSK, a similar ins

18、trument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word. Yours sincerely体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude) Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday. Reader emphasis:You will receive your order by

19、Monday, October 10. Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system. Reader emphasis:To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system. Writer emphasis:I was pleased to hear that the project was completed. Reader emphasis:Congratulations on successfully c

20、ompleting the project避免采用消极性的词汇或句式 Negative Wording: The office is closed after four Oclock, Positive Wording: The office is open until four Oclock. Negative Wording: When I received your complaint, I checked our records. Positive Wording: When I received your letter, I checked our records.Writing P

21、rocedure Step 1: Observation & Organization Step 2: Outline Step 3: Description Step 4: Review Special Notes task fulfillment tense & voice vocabulary & structure coherence & cohesion characteristic : (e.g. to describe a trend, to report the proportion of a pie chart, etc.)连贯(常见连接词)：

22、 1表示罗列增加 First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing for another, On (the) one handon the other hand,表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally,

23、immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually表示转折关系 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in

24、 spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all 表示并列关系 or, and, also, too, not only but also, as well as, both and, either or, neither nor 表示因果关系 because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, sothat, suchthat表示条件关系 as (so) lo

25、ng as, on condition that, if, unless表示让步关系 though, although, as, even if, even though, whether or, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)表示举例 for example, for instance, such as, take for example 表示比较 be similar to, similarly, th

26、e same as, in contrast, compared with (to)just like, just as表示目的 for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to, 表示强调 in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,表示概括归纳 in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speakin

27、g, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion, Useful Expressions 1. Expressions to express a rising/falling/even trend 2. Sentences to describe a general trend 3. Expressions to describe a change 4. Expressions t

28、o summarize (refer to the word document)Sample Writing refer to the world document Samples & Scores The graph below shows the turnover for the three kinds of retail outlet, all owned by the same company, during a three-year period. Using the information from the graph, write a short report compa

29、ring the changes in turnover in the companys three types of outlet. Write 120-140 words.Sample A (Band 3) The development of the turnover of the FROZEN FOOD Ltd. The following report describes the changes in turnover by type of retail sector over the three years periods 2000 to 2002. In all three ye

30、ars the turnover made by supermarket was the highest of all three retail outlets. Department stores remained the second the second greatest before small shops-outlets. The turnout reached by supermarkets increased steadily over the three years and was 80 m in 2002. The turnover of department stores

31、was 50m in 2000 but fell to 35m in 2001. In 2002 it remained steady to the previous year. After a loss in 2001, the small shops-outlets reached again in higher level but could not reach the 30m turnover of 2000. Sample B (Band 4) Below is a report on the changes in turnover for three kinds of retail

32、 outlet, owned by one company, over a three-year period. The overall highest turnover of eighty million pounds was obtained by supermarkets in 2002. On the other hand, the smallest turnover was made in small shops in 2001. Over the year 2000, a turnover of fifty million pounds was reached in department stores, where it plumetted to abut thirty-five million pounds in 2001 and maintained this position throughout 2002. The supermarkets turnover rose steadily from 2000, reaching its peak in 2002 with eighty million pounds. Clearl