高中英语定语从句

1、( (模块九模块九 高三上学期高三上学期) )Grammar and usageOverview of attributive clauses 一一. 定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句。 被修饰的词叫先被修饰的词叫先行词。行词。Pikaqiu is a kind of animal (that) I like best! 定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制

2、性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略关系副词的用法关系副词的用法v关系代词在从句中可以做状语关系代词在从句中可以做状语v地点状语地点状语:where v原因状语原因状语:whyv时间状语时间状语:whenThe boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospit

3、al is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词基础题型The man _lives next to us sells vegetables.A plane is a machine _ can fly.This is the scientist _ name is known to all.The room _ window faces to south is mine.1. Do you remember the day _ we first met? who/ thatwhich / thatwhosewhosewhen6. The sc

4、hool _ we study is beautiful.7. The reason _ he was late was that he missed the train. wherewhy易错易混淆题（注意分析从句的句子成分）Do you remember the day _ we spent on the farm?Do you remember the day _ we first arrived here?The room _we live is big.The room _ we can see is big. Is this the reason_he explained at t

5、he meeting for his careless in his work. Do you know the reason_he did not come? that/ which/不填不填whenwherethat/ which/不填不填thatwhy基础知识回顾基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义关系词及其意义指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who, whom, that, aswhich, that, aswhosewherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词归纳总结归纳总结做题技巧做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什么成

6、分先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分1.that与与which2.对对the way的考查的考查3.介词介词+关系词关系词4.as的使用的使用5.对对where的考查的考查6.综合考查综合考查考点考点难难点点We should do everything _ is good for our studies.You can take any seat _ is free.This is the only thing_ we can do.The is the first place _ I want to visit.This is the most interesting book _ I have

7、 ever read.We talked about the things and persons _ we were interested in.thatthatthatthatthatthat考点考点1：that 与与 which7. There is little _ I can do to make up for the lost time. 8. Our school is no longer the place _ it used to be.当先行词是事物时， 只用that不用which的情况thatthat 先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all, everything, an

8、ything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one.2. 先行词被先行词被all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none修饰时修饰时3. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时修饰时4.先行词被先行词被数词数词,序数词序数词修饰时修饰时5.先行词是先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时修饰时6. 先行词既先行词既有人又有物有人又有物时时7.

9、先行词在从句中做先行词在从句中做表语表语时时8. 主句以主句以there be开头开头Got it!This is the train by _ we went to Beijing.Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.Those _ break the law should be punished.He _ plays with fire gets burnt. whichwhichwhowho只用只用which不用不用that的情况指物，的情况指物，1.介词介词后。后。2. 用于用于非限制

10、定语从句非限制定语从句中中先行词为先行词为those, one, he时多用时多用who。做题技巧做题技巧?填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/ which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点考点2：the way用做先行词用做先行词the way 做先行词时做先行词时,先看后面定语从句

11、中是否缺少先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语缺少主语或宾语:引导词用引导词用that / which / 不填不填(缺宾语时缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺主语宾语都不缺:引导词用引导词用that / in which / 不填不填考点考点2：the way用做先行词用做先行词3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （04湖北）湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which高考题链接：高考题链接：考点考点3：介词：

12、介词+关系词关系词1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _ _ I

13、 am not very familiar with.which / that / 不填不填考点考点3：介词：介词+关系词关系词7. (06浙江浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which做题技巧做题技巧?定语从句句首为介词时定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为后可接的关系词为:介词介词+whom / which / whose6. I recognized the boss in company my sister wa

14、s working. whose考点四考点四 whoseThe teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格The house is mine. The window of the house

15、 is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken1.1.不论人或物在定语从句中作不论人或物在定语从句中作表语表语时时, ,用用thatthat引导定语引导定语从句，而从句，而thatthat通常省掉。通常省掉。两点补充两点补充He is no longer the man (He is no longer the man (that)he w

16、as.that)he was.Shanghai is no longer the city (thatShanghai is no longer the city (that而而“one ofone of可数名词复数可数名词复数, ,谓语动词应用复数谓语动词应用复数 “one ofone of可数名词复数可数名词复数”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句而而“one ofone of可数名词复数可数名词复数”前有前有thethe，onlyonly或或the onlythe only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。He is He is one of the stud

17、entsone of the students who who study study very hard very hard at school.at school.He is He is the(only/the only) onethe(only/the only) one of the students of the students who who studiesstudies very hard at school very hard at schoolas引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas，suchas，asas的结构中。1. as与which都可以引导一

18、个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。 He married the girl，as(which)was natural.He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was.不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。 As was natural, he married the girl.难点一：难点一：as的用法的用法 在在same,such,so,as之后应是名词或形容词之后应是名词或形容词名词。名词。1.We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.2. Som

19、e people have no doubt that their cat understands as many words as a dog does.3. We hope to get such a tool as he is using.the samethe sameasas与与the samethe samethatthat引导的定语从句引导的定语从句难点一：难点一：as的用法的用法做题技巧做题技巧?当主句中出现当主句中出现such 或或so 时时,看后面从句是否看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语缺主语或宾语:(1)缺缺主语或宾语主语或宾语,从句前用从句前用as(2)不缺不缺主语和宾语主语

20、和宾语,从句前用从句前用that当主句中出现当主句中出现the same时时, 后面从句缺主语后面从句缺主语或宾语时与或宾语时与as搭配表搭配表同一类同一类事物事物,与与that搭配搭配表表同一个同一个事物事物模拟训练模拟训练 ：1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; a

21、s B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有

22、特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, stage, condition，position和和case等表示抽象意义的词，等表示抽象意义的词，常用常用where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境到了某种地步，在某种境况中况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）山东） A. which

23、 B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06江西）江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。恰当的关系词。 wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed

24、the book. where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when难点三难点三.综合考查综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎

25、实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示友情提示综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which/综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

26、 （05 江苏）江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC对比训练对比训练 1. It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time. 2. It was in Oc

27、tober_we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. whileCA对比训练对比训练 1. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. 2. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC The news came_1_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, _

28、2_ isnt surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as 定语从句学习归纳 学习定语从句必须要清楚它的的来源、位置、引来源、位置、引导词、意思理解导词、意思理解和和翻译方法翻译方法. 还要记住它的特殊用法归纳一：来源例：请把下列单句合成复合句1.Madame Curie is one of the greatest scientists in the world. She is admired by many people. Madame Curie who is admired by many people is one of the greatest scientists in the world.2.The experiment failed. She was working on it day and night. The experiment which/that she was working