探寻单项填空题思维干扰源

1、George HuangGeorge HuangGeorge HuangGeorge Huang 在英语单项填空题中在英语单项填空题中,有很多是针对学生有很多是针对学生解题的思维定势所出的解题的思维定势所出的陷阱陷阱题。出题题。出题人往往通过句子结构的某些变化人往往通过句子结构的某些变化,来达到来达到干扰学生的思维、使学生误入歧途的目干扰学生的思维、使学生误入歧途的目的。同学们要学会识别干扰因素的。同学们要学会识别干扰因素,理清句理清句子结构子结构,保持清醒头脑保持清醒头脑,提高抗干扰能力提高抗干扰能力,从从而避开而避开设题陷阱设题陷阱,提高解题的准确性。提高解题的准确性。 命题人通常采用下面

2、一些手段命题人通常采用下面一些手段,来设计题来设计题干干扰信息干干扰信息: George HuangGeorge Huang 一、插入语干扰一、插入语干扰 1. He believes in himself,_, in my opinion, is of great importance. A. that B. which C. what D. as 2. He hasnt come yet. What do you consider _to him? A. happens B. has happened C. happening D. to happen 3. John plays foot

3、ball _, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 4. The manager decided to give the job to _he believed had a strong sense of duty. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those 析析:这类题主要是利用插入语这类题主要是利用插入语,增加句子的复杂程度增加句子的复杂程度,从而从而达到干扰学生视线的目的。我们只要去掉冗余信息达到干扰学生视线的目的。我们只要去掉冗余信息

4、(插插入语入语),答案就一目了然了。答案就一目了然了。 George HuangGeorge Huang 二、标点符号干扰二、标点符号干扰 5. Tom, _ sure to come tomorrow. A. is B. be C. was D. would be 析析:很明显很明显,Tom在这里并不是句子的主语在这里并不是句子的主语,而是称呼语。而是称呼语。 三、疑问句干扰三、疑问句干扰 命题人利用一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的特殊结构命题人利用一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的特殊结构,达到达到干扰目的。解题时干扰目的。解题时,只要把句子还原为陈述句只要把句子还原为陈述句,就可以看就可以看清它的庐山真面

5、目了。如清它的庐山真面目了。如: 6. Who would you rather _ with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith? A. have to go B. have go C. have gone D. had go 析析:我们可以把它变为陈述句我们可以把它变为陈述句:I would rather have Tom go with me tomorrow. 原来是把句子的宾语提前到了句原来是把句子的宾语提前到了句首首,go是省去了是省去了to的不定式作宾语补足语。的不定式作宾语补足语。 George HuangGeorge Huang 四、倒装句干扰四、倒装句干扰

6、 7. On the grass _ two sheep. A. lies B. lie C. lying D. laid 析析:这个句子的语是这个句子的语是two sheep而非而非grass,故选用复数谓语故选用复数谓语动词。动词。 五、从句和先行词分离干扰五、从句和先行词分离干扰 同位语和定语从句一般情况下是紧跟在先行词之后同位语和定语从句一般情况下是紧跟在先行词之后,但但有时为了句子平衡的需要有时为了句子平衡的需要,先行词和从句分开先行词和从句分开,从而造成从而造成了干扰。如了干扰。如: 8. The question came up at the meeting _ we had e

7、nough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 析析:后面的句子是一个同位语从句后面的句子是一个同位语从句,而它的先行词是句首而它的先行词是句首的的question。George HuangGeorge Huang 六、省略句干扰六、省略句干扰 9. The girl is very shy, and never speaks until_to. A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken 析析:这个句子从句省去了相同的主语这个句子从句省去了相同的主语she和和be动词动

8、词,可以恢可以恢复为复为:The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spoken to. 10. If you dont go there,_I. A. neither do B. nor will C. so do D. neither did 析析:此句尽管条件状语从句用的是一般现在时态此句尽管条件状语从句用的是一般现在时态,但并不但并不一定表示现在的动作。从句子意义来判断一定表示现在的动作。从句子意义来判断,动作发生的动作发生的时间应该在将来时间应该在将来,很显然很显然,它省去了一个将来时间状语。它省去了一个将来时间状语。 G

9、eorge HuangGeorge Huang 七、被动句干扰七、被动句干扰 11. Every minute is made full use of _ at our lessons. A. to work B. working C. having worked D. being worked 析析:有些同学一见到介词有些同学一见到介词,后面马上用名词或动名后面马上用名词或动名词。这恰恰落入了命题人设置的陷阱。此题词。这恰恰落入了命题人设置的陷阱。此题of的的宾语实际上是宾语实际上是every minute。如果把它变为主动。如果把它变为主动式式,答案就显而易见了。即答案就显而易见了。即:W

10、e make full use of every minute to work at our lessons.George HuangGeorge Huang 八、搭配干扰八、搭配干扰 有时有时,出题人故意造成是某种固定搭配的假象出题人故意造成是某种固定搭配的假象,似是而非似是而非,极易上当。极易上当。 12. This is the very room_I slept in that evening. A. that B. which C. where D. at which 析析:时间状语时间状语that evening前面不必加介词前面不必加介词in,故这个定语故这个定语从句应用关系代词

11、引导从句应用关系代词引导,考虑到先行词被考虑到先行词被very修饰修饰,故用故用that引导定语从句。试比较引导定语从句。试比较: This is the very room where I slept in the evening. 13. The country life he was used to _ greatly since the opening policy. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. having changed 析析:he was used to在句中作定语从句在句中作定语从句,修饰修饰life。分析句子。分析句子结构结

12、构,整个句子缺少谓语动词整个句子缺少谓语动词,故填入主句谓语。故填入主句谓语。George HuangGeorge Huang 九、定语从句干扰九、定语从句干扰 14. The young student did all that he could _ the examinations. A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed 析析:that he could (do) 是定语从句是定语从句,修饰修饰all。to pass the examinations在句子中作目的状语。在句子中作目的状语。 15. Mrs. Brown was much disap

13、pointed to see the washing machine she had had_went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 析析:这道题考查了两个知识点这道题考查了两个知识点,一是考查了一是考查了have sth. done结构结构,二是定语从句。二是定语从句。she had had repaired(had的宾语的宾语which在定语从句中提前在定语从句中提前,且省略了且省略了)是定语从句是定语从句,修饰修饰the washing machine。此句可译为。此句可译为:布朗夫人很失望

14、地发布朗夫人很失望地发现她刚刚请人修理好的洗衣机又出了毛病。现她刚刚请人修理好的洗衣机又出了毛病。 George HuangGeorge Huang 十、非正常语序干扰十、非正常语序干扰 16. The home improvements have taken what little there is _ my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at 析析:为了保持句子平衡为了保持句子平衡,该句采用了非正常语序。该句的该句采用了非正常语序。该句的正常语序是正常语序是:The home improvements have taken what little o

15、f my spare time there is. 本句意为本句意为改善家庭居住改善家庭居住条件占去了我仅有的一点业余时间。条件占去了我仅有的一点业余时间。there is是定语从是定语从句句,用来修饰前面的名词短语用来修饰前面的名词短语what little of my spare time。 十一、强调句干扰十一、强调句干扰 17. It is the protection for the trees _ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. A. what B. that C. / D. which 析析:此句是强

16、调句此句是强调句,强调主语。可还原为强调主语。可还原为:The protection for the trees really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. George HuangGeorge Huang 十二、词形变化干扰十二、词形变化干扰 18. -I like football. -_my sister and me. A. So do B. So are C. So did D. So it is with 析析:如不仔细观察如不仔细观察,学生很可能选择学生很可能选择A。应该要注意这里的。应该要注意这里的me。我。我

17、们知道们知道so does sb. 句式是一个倒装句句式是一个倒装句,即即sb. 是句子的主语是句子的主语,要求用要求用主格。主格。 十三、多义词干扰十三、多义词干扰 试比较下列两个例句试比较下列两个例句: 19. He is a strange character, _is very hard to get along with. A. who B. which C. that D. where 20. He has a strange character, _makes him difficult to get along with. A. who B. which C. that D.

18、where 析析:多义词多义词character在两个例句中有不同的含义。在例在两个例句中有不同的含义。在例1中中,character表示表示人物人物,在例在例2中中,character表示表示性格性格。 George HuangGeorge Huang突破思维定势突破思维定势 灵活学习语言灵活学习语言 在语言学习中在语言学习中,理论与实践的结合是很理论与实践的结合是很重要的。如果不重视语言实践重要的。如果不重视语言实践,只一味只一味地强记一些语法项目和搭配地强记一些语法项目和搭配,遇到问题遇到问题时时,如不仔细审题如不仔细审题,就难免陷入一种思就难免陷入一种思维的定势维的定势,犯了经验主义错

19、误。所以犯了经验主义错误。所以,具体问题具体分析是很重要的具体问题具体分析是很重要的,下面一下面一些练习可以给我们一些启示些练习可以给我们一些启示: George HuangGeorge Huang 1. He spent all his spare time _ the coming exam. A. to pass B. passing C. to have passed D. in passing 解析解析:答案答案A。如果死记。如果死记spend+time+(in) doing的句型的句型,就很容易误选就很容易误选B。而实际这句的意思是。而实际这句的意思是:他花去所有业余时间的目的是为

20、了通过考试。他花去所有业余时间的目的是为了通过考试。 2. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three days _ in my study. A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. lock 解析解析:答案答案B。如果。如果花了三天时间才把自己锁在花了三天时间才把自己锁在屋子里屋子里,不是很令人费解吗不是很令人费解吗?实际的意思是实际的意思是锁在锁在屋子里度过了三天屋子里度过了三天。 George HuangGeorge Huang 3. -I have nothing important tonight. Do yo

21、u have any clothes _ to the laundry? -No, you can have a rest. A. to be taken B. to take C. to taking D. taken 解析解析:答案答案A。学生都学过。学生都学过have sth. done或或have sth. to do这样这样的句型。如果选择的句型。如果选择B,意为意为:你自己把衣服送去洗衣店你自己把衣服送去洗衣店,而选而选D意为意为你已经找别人把衣服送去洗衣店了吗你已经找别人把衣服送去洗衣店了吗?而而A的意思为的意思为:你有一些要你有一些要送往洗衣店的衣服吗送往洗衣店的衣服吗?言外之

22、意如果有言外之意如果有,我可以送去我可以送去,因为因为I have nothing important tonight嘛。嘛。 4. -How do you like the books? -Oh, they are wonderful, people here think _ of the books. A. a number B. a great many C. a great deal D. a plenty 解析解析:答案答案C。think a great deal of the books意为意为很很看重这些书看重这些书,a great deal作状语作状语,think of the books是谓语和宾语。是谓语和宾语。George HuangGeorge Huang 5. There is a gas station around _ you can get your car filled up. A. where B. which C. that D. when 解析解析:答案答案A。如选。如选B,原句意思成了原句意思成了.在加油站周围在加油站周围给车加满油给车加满油,显然不合情理。选显然不合情理。选A,around为副词为副词,原句原句意为意为这周围有个加油站这周围有个加油站,你可