英语五种基本句型

1、2* *句子成分由词或词组充当句子成分由词或词组充当英语的基本成分有七种：英语的基本成分有七种：_和和_主语（主语（subjectsubject）、）、谓语（谓语（predicatepredicate）、）、表语（表语（predicativepredicative）、）、宾语（宾语（objectobject）、）、定语（定语（attributeattribute）、）、状语状语(adverbial)(adverbial)补语（补语（complementcomplement）。）。五种基本句型五种基本句型1、主语、主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语2、主语、主语 + 不及物动词不及物动词3、主

2、语、主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语4、主语、主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语5、主语、主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语 + 宾语补足语宾语补足语主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语S + V + O1. Jack is a good boy. 2. The park looks beautiful in spring.3. His leg got hurt just now.4. Please keep silent!5. Tom will become a doctor next year. l（一） be动词类： am、 is 、

3、are 、was 、were l（二） 表示变化类：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go l（三） 感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) l（四） 表示延续性的动词 ：remain 、stay 、keep 主语主语 + 不及物动词不及物动词S + Vi1. My grandma is sleeping now.2. I will stay in Shanghai for a week.3. Jack is leaving for New York.4. It rained hard last night.5. Luc

4、y arrived in Beijing yesterday Note:虽然这个结构中动词后边不加宾语，虽然这个结构中动词后边不加宾语，但是往往带有状语但是往往带有状语 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词+ 宾语宾语S + Vt + O1. My sister is writing a letter at this moment.2. Jack enjoys collecting stamps.3. Our teacher promised to see the movie with us.4. I dont know which school he is in.主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 +

5、 间接宾语间接宾语(人人) + 直接宾语直接宾语(物物)S + Vt + o + O1. His father bought him a computer.2. I sent a birthday gift to her yesterday.3. My mother taught me how to do it4. She asked Lucy whose pen it was.主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 +宾语宾语 + 宾语补足语宾语补足语S+Vt+O+Oc1. We must keep the classroom clean.2. They consider Jack a brave

6、boy. 3. Let the fresh air in.4. Lucy will make herself known.5. I saw the little girl dancing.2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句 ：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspapers.2) 并列句 ：由并列连词（and, but, or, so, while, yet等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一

7、起构成。如果有两个以上的并列句，通常只在最后一个句子前面用连词，其他句子之间用逗号。Things change and we change.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. I came, I saw, and I conquer.3）复合句 ：由两个或两个以上的分句以从属的关系组成。复合句包括：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 These foreigners took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.lI）接带to的动词不

8、定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell, want, ask, wish, teach等。如： Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow. 告诉他后天到这里来。l Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）lHe has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语 )lHe is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） l He is in the room making a mod

9、el plane.（分词短语）lOnce you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） lWait a minute.（名词） ltell(告诉某人告诉某人), tell sb sth (tell sth to sb)lsend(送给某人送给某人), send sb sth (send sth to sb)lgive(给某人给某人), give sb sth (give sth to sb)lbring(带给某人带给某人), bring sb sth (bring sth to sb)lleave(留给某人留给某人), leave sb sth (leave sth

10、to sb)lpass(递给某人递给某人), pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)lread(给某人读给某人读), read sb sth (read sth to sb)lwrite(给某人写给某人写), write sb sth (write sth to sb)ltake(给某人拿给某人拿), take sb sth (take sth to sb)lshow(给某人看给某人看), show sb sth (show sth to sb)lteach(教给某人教给某人), teach sb sth (teach sth to sb)llend(借给某人借给某人), l

11、end sb. sth (lend sth to sb)lreturn(还给某人还给某人) return sb sth (return sth to sb)lhand(递给某人递给某人) hand sb sth (hand sth to sb)lthrow(扔给某人扔给某人) throw sb sth (throw sth to sb)lget(为某人弄到), get sb sth (get sth for sb) lpay(支付给某人), pay sb sth (pay sth for sb) lbuy(为某人买), buy sb sth (buy sth for sb) ldo(为某人做) do sb sth (do sth for sb)lsing(为某人唱) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb)lplay(为某人演奏) play sb sth (play sth for sb)lcook(为某人煮) cook sb sth (cook sth f