英语被动语态讲解(共7页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例all the preparations for the task havebeen completed, and we're ready to start.3） am/

2、is /are being done 现在进行时例a new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例i was given ten minutes to decide whether ishould reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 by the end of last year, another newgymnasium had been completed in beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例a meeting was being held

3、 when i was there.7） shall/will be done be going to be done be about to be done/ be to be done一般将来时例hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factorycloses.8） shouldwould be done waswere going to be done waswere about to be done2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例the baby shou

4、ld be taken good care ofby the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例his mother gave him a present for hisbirthday. 可改为 he was given a presentby his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例someone caught the boy smokin

5、g aciggarette.    可改为the boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make,let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例someone saw a stranger walk into thebuilding.  可改为a stranger was seen to walkinto the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词

6、组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例the meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例i don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 it is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say,suppose, think

7、等可以用于句型“itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：it is said that 据说,it is reported that据报道，it is believed that大家相信，it ishoped that大家希望，it is well knownthat众所周知，it is thought that大家认为，it is suggested that据建议。例it is said that the boy has passed thenational exam.（the boy is said to have passed thenationa

8、l exam. ）三、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例the glass is broken （系表结构）the glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例the door is locked （系表结构）the door has already/just been locked（被动语态

9、）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例 the machine is being repaired被动语态基础练习选择题1.our house_,     a . is getting paintb . is getting painted c . is got paintedd . has got to paint2.he arrived in beijing, where he_his friend .     a . was met byb . was

10、metc . was meetingd . met by 3.the war_in 1937    a . was broken outb . had been broken out c . has broken outd . broke out 4.the mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher.     a . crossb . be crossingc . be crossed byd . cross by 5.my brother and i have _her

11、 birthday party.     a . been invitedb . been invited forc . invited tod . been invited to 6.it_this way     a . is had to dob . is had to be donec . had to be doned . has to do 7.it_this way.    a used to dob . used to be donec . is used to dod

12、 . is used to doing 8._chaplin.     a . the child's name was calledb . the child's name calls    c . the child callsd . the child is named 9.the sports meeting_ .     a . is put offb . is to put offc . is to be put offd . puts off 1

13、0.mary realized she_     a . was making fun ofb . was made fun   c . was being made fun ofd . was being made fun 11._to say a thing in that way     a . it is considers wrongb . it is considered wrong    c . it is considered it's wrongd

14、. it is consiedring wrong 12.he ordered that the books_at once.     a . would be printedb . would printc . be printedd . print 13.the story_in china .      a . was taken placeb . was happenedc . took placed . has been taken place 14.the house_my pare

15、nts     a . is belong tob . belong toc . belongs tod . is belonged to 15.he_by his teacher.     a . happened to seeb . was happened to see  c . happened to be seend . was happened to be seen 16.great changes_in our province.many tall buildings.  

16、0;  a . have been taken place, have been set up    b . have taken place, have been set up    c . have been taken place, have been set up    d . were taken place, were set up 17.the hall's_but it's not yet_with lamps.     a

17、 . furnished, finishedb . been finished, been furnished    c . being finished, being furnishedd . set up, full 18.the new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here?    a . can it seeb . can it be seenc . can it seend . can see 19.as soon as we got to the

18、 airport,we found that the plane_.     a . had already taken offb . already took off    c . was already taking offd . was already taken off 20. some of the hotels in my hometown_.     a . have now been rebuildingb . are now rebuilding  

19、0; c . are now being rebuiltd . are rebuilt now 21. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner    a . are not kept；will have tob . are not kept；have    c . do not keep；will have tod . do not keep；have to22. the fifth generation compu

20、ters, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.    a . developedb . have developed  c . are being developedd . will have been developed 23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - yes，it all depends on the weather    a . i've been toldb . i'

21、ve toldc . i'm toldd . i told 24. i need one more stamp before my collection _.    a . has completedb . completesc . has been completedd . is completed 25. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. 

22、0;  a . cutb . are cutc . are being cutd . had been cut 26. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.    a . has been designedb . had been designed   c . was designedd . would be designed 27.when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as

23、if it _.    a . breaksb . has brokenc . was brokend . had been broken 28. great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.    a . have been taken place; have been set up b . have taken place; have been set up   c . have taken place; have set up d .

24、were taken place; were set up 29. that suit _ over 60 dollars.    a . had costedb . costedc . is costedd . cost 30. - look! everything here is under construction.  - what's the pretty small house that _ for?    a . is being builtb . has been builtc .

25、is builtd . is building 31.- do you like the material?  - yes, it _ very soft.    a . is feelingb . feltc . feelsd . is felt 32. it is difficult for a foreigner _ chinese   a . writeb . to writec . to be writtend . written 33. i have no more letters _ ，thank you    a . to typeb . typingc . to be typedd . typed 34. take care! don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.    a . won't wash outb . won't be washed out    c . isn't washed outd . isn't washing out&#