教学目的讲解给词条下定义的要求

1、Definition定义教学目的：讲解给词条下定义的要求，用句子下定义和用段落下定义的写作方法以及常用句型，通过适当练习，使学生掌握给词条准确具体地下定义的写作方法。教学重点：1)用句子下定义及常用句型 2)用段落下定义的写作方法教学难点：用段落下定义的写作方法教学方法：教师讲授，配合问答及课堂练习等形式，引导学生积极参与课堂活动，巩固所学。课前复习提示 ：1重点：1）比较与对比的段落的写作手法2）常用表达法和基本句型3）连接词的运用2难点：段落的两种结构方式教学内容：1. what is to define?when to define ? (概念)To define is to give

2、new terms a brief explanation to convert the general and abstract ideas contained into specific and concrete information .To make readers understand the unfamiliar concepts and terms,the writer frequently gives reader brief sentence definition .Focus: A definition would require that you put the term

3、 in a class having common characteristics and then give the meaning that differentiate it from the other members of its class . Example:Word or idea school sociology linking words is means class an institution a science differentiation for teaching and learning dealing with the origin and evolution

4、of society Class activity:Can you define these terms after the examples above:comic books,tea and DIY?Or other terms you are interested in?2Useful expressions and patterns. (表达与句型) 重点a. A word or idea means + a definition . IsAn autobiography means a writen accout of a persons own life .Instead of e

5、mploying professional workers,DIY means a way of doing work by oneself .Like carbohydrates, fats are foods that provides us with energy .A Supermarket is a large store ,selling food,household goods by way of self-service . calledb. A definition +is known as + a word or idea . referred to as Rocks th

6、at have changed from their original form are called metamorphic rocks . The custom which is considered most to be admired and imitated during a period or at a place is called fashion . People that are famous in a certain field or circle are known as celebrities . Should movement occur in the horizon

7、tal direction and parallel to the plane of the fault,the fault is referred to as a strike-slip fault . A movement in literature,philodophy,music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as Romanticism .c. A word or idea +an appositive phrase function

8、ing as a definition.Geology,the science of the earth,is concerned with systematic study of rocks and minerals.Linguistics,the science of language,is concerned with the systematic and scientific study of language.Notes: The word being defined is in italic,the definition underlined,while the verb or l

9、inking word is in bold-face type .Classc Activity: Define the following terms with sentences as many as you can,using the expressions and patterns you have learned .supermarket trend footballFor example: Superman Superman is a man having more than ordinary human powers and abilities . A man having m

10、ore than ordinary human powers and abilities is known as superman . Superman,a man with super power,is imagined by writers of scientific fiction .3. Strategies(写作手法) 难点 Rather than a brief sentence definition,a writer may need to go further and provide readers with a fuller definition extending over

11、 several sentences .Focus: Compare sentence definition and paragraph of definition .Example 1 : Term: mineralsentence definition: A mineral is a naturally occuring inorganic solid substance that has characteristic internal structure, chemical composition,crystal form,and physical properties.Paragrap

12、h of definition (Extended definition): 1An element, or a compound, is a mineral if it meets two requirements it occurs in nature, and it has a fixed and orderly internal arrangement of atoms . 2The first of these requirements simply means that manufactured or artificial products are not minerals . 2

13、We need to look further at the other requirement,however,because much is implied in it . 3 For one thing,if a mineral must have a fixed and orderly internal structure,it can only be solid . 4Air,water,and other fluids are excluded . 3 Further,it cannot be organicthat is,made up of matter that is or

14、has been alive .3A third implication of orderly internal structure is a definit chemical composition,or at least,a composition that ranges within very narrow limits .3It further follows that each mineral must possess a characteristic external crystal form .3Finally,substances with these characterist

15、ics would be expected to differ from each other in their physical properties,and this we find to be the case .Pattern of development:Basic material- reasonArrangement of sentences- general-to-specific orderexample 2 : Term: Oedipus complexSentence definition: Oedipus complex is a psychological term

16、originating from a Greek tragedy and referring to childrens unconscious mental state of being the rival for the affections of the parents of the opposite sex.Paragraph of definition (Extended definition):1A mental state is called Oedipus Complex if it meets two requirementsit occur to children,and i

17、t is an unconscious process of being a rival for the affections of the parents of the opposite sex.2The first of these requirements simply means that it cannot happen to adults.2What claims more attention is the other requirement,however,because it has more implications. 3For one thing, neither pare

18、nts nor chidren are aware of this state. 3Futher,it is presented on children in a process of winning the love of the parents of the opposite sex. 3Finally, chidren imagine that parents of the opposite sex are their competitors.Pattern of development:Basic material- reasonArrangement of sentences- ge

19、neral-to-specific orderConclusion:A paragraph of definition is the most flexible,for it may use more than one pattern of development.Because the developmental details supporting the topic sentence and the controlling idea must be simpler and more concrete than the term defined , the writer will ofte

20、n use examples , comparison , reasons , analogies , or synonyms to convert general and abstract ideas into specific and concrete information . Exercises :1. Sentence definitionWrite out each of the following sentences,filling in the blands with definitions in a current dictionary .1)A governess is_ .2)A synonym is_ .3)Inflation means_ .4)A person who buys things in shops is called _ .5)Nationalism , or_ , make people full of drive in constructing their country .6)Either of the two breathing organs in the chest of man and other animals is refer