2020中考人教版二轮复习学案专题8—动词时态与语态导学案

1、中考人教版二轮复习学案专题8动词时态与语态导学案精讲必备考点考点一 一般现在时考点二一般过去时考点三现在进行时考点四过去进行时考点五一般将来时考点六现在完成时考点七过去完成时考点八过去将来时考点九非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换考点十时态的疑难点时态动词形式构成方法例词原形词典中一般给出的动词形式。get take teach do try study第三人称单数一般情况下，直接在动词词尾 加-s。get - gets take f takes以s, x, o, sh, ch结尾的动 词，在词尾加-es 口do f does teach f teaches以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动 词，先变y

2、为i,再在词尾加-es。study f studies try 一 tries不规则变化have f hasbe 一 is现在分词一般情况下，直接在动词词尾 力口-ing。do f doing teach f teaching以不发音字母e结尾的动词， 先去 e再在词尾力口 -ing。take f taking move - moving以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅、 元、辅”结构的动词，先双写 最舟-个辅音字母，再在词尾 力口-ing。stop f stoppingswim 一 swimming以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为 y,再在词尾加-ingodie 一 dying tie - tying

3、过去式与过去分词（规则变 化）一般情况下，直接在动词词尾 加-ed。watch f watched plant f planted以不发音字母e结尾的动词在词尾加-dolike likedmove f moved以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动 词，先变y为i,再在词尾加-edostudy f studied carry f carried重读闭音节动词且词尾只有 一个辅音字母，先双写词尾的 辅音字母，再在词尾加-edostop f stopped shop f shopped过去式与过去分词am / is 一wasare 一were（不规则变化）do f didlet一 let不规则动词的构成原

4、形特征过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep -> kept , kept-ell-old-oldsell fsold 一sold-end-ent-entlend 一> lent -lent-ay-aid-aidsay 一said 一said-n-nt-ntburn -, burntf burnt-eak-oke-okenbreak brokefbroken-eal-ole-olensteal , stole -> stolen-ear-ore-ornwear -* worefworn-i-a-uswimfswam一 swum-i-o-ndrivef drovefdri

5、ven汪息:大部分的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成是没有规律可循的，需要单独记忆。同学们在复习的时候一定要多加注意。 考点一 一般现在时 I.一般现在时的用法1 .表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。句中常有always, usually, often , sometimes,every day, twice a week , nowadays等表示频度的副词或时间状语。My grandmother gets up early every day.我奶奶每天早上都起得很早。2 .表示客观事实或普遍真理。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。3 .有

6、时表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如 begin,come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等。The meeting begins at seven.会议 7 点开始。4 .表示状态和感觉的动词如be, like , hate, think, remember, find , sound, feel, taste等，常用于一般现在时。The story sounds very interesting. 这个故事听起来很有意思。5 .某些以here或there开头的句子中，用一般现在时

7、表示正在发生的动作。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。6 .在含时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，若主语用一般将来时，则从句用一般现 在时表将来。I' ll ring you up if he comes back tomorrow. 如果他明天回来的话我给你打电话。 n.一般现在时的句式构成肯定句：主语 +动词原形+其他.主语（第三人称单数）+动词第三人称单数形式+其他.否定句：主语 + don ' t / doesn' t +动词原形 +其他.一般疑问句：Do / Does +主语+动词原形+其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词 + do / does +

8、主语+动词原形 +其他？ 【典例精析】1. Nowadays, each of the students a new dictionary in the countryside.A. has B. had C. have考点二一般过去时I. 一般过去时的用法表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或反复发生的动作。通常与表示过去的时间状语 连用。He saw Mr. Han yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午看见韩先生了。n . 一般过去时的句式构成肯定句：主语 +动词过去式 +其他.否定句：主语 + didn ' t +动词原形 +其他.一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形

9、+其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词+ did +主语+动词原形+其他？【典例精析】1. - What the noise, Bill?- Sorry, I broke my glass.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be2. The schoolboy to the blind man on his way home yesterday afternoon.A. apologizes B. apologized C. will apologizeD. has apologized考点三现在进行时I .现在进行时的用法表示现在正在进行的动作。通常与 new, this

10、 week, at this moment, right now 等时间状语 连用；也可以与一个准确的时间连用；还可以用 look或listen提醒听者注意正在发生的 事。Jim is reading a book in his room now. 吉姆正在他的房间里看书。n .现在进行时的句式构成肯定句：主语 + be (is / am / are) +动词现在分词.否定句：主语 + be (is / am / are) + not + 动词现在分词.一般疑问句：Be +主语+动词现在分词 +其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be +主语+动词现在分词 +其他？注意：表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词

11、如have, be, hear, like等一般不用进行时。【典例精析】一 Millie, where is Miss Li? She a speech on Chinese art to the first' year students in the hall.A. gives B. gave C. is giving D. has given考点四过去进行时I .过去进行时的用法表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。He was reading a novel when I came in. 我进来的时候， 他正在看/J、说。n .过去进行时的句式构

12、成肯定句：主语 + was / were +动词现在分词.否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 动词现在分词.一般疑问句： Was / Were +主语+动词现在分词 +其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词+ was / were +主语+动词现在分词 +其他？【典例精析】 Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone.一 I'm sorry. I football with my friends then.A. playB. played C. am playing D. was playing考

13、点五一般将来时I . 一般将来时的用法表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用。We are going to have a meeting tomorrow.我们准备明天开会。n . 一般将来时的句式构成肯定句：主语 + will / shall + 动词原形 +其他.主语+ be going to + 动词原形 +其他.否定句：主语 + will / shall + not + 动词原形 +其他.主语 + be not + going to + 动词原形 +其他.一般疑问句： Will / Shall + 主语+动词原形 +其他？Be +主语+ going to +

14、动词原形 +其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词 + will / shall + 主语+动词原形 +其他？疑问词+ be +主语+ going to +动词原形 +其他？【典例精析】Mr. Green, a famous writer, our school next week.A. visitedB. visit C. was visiting D. will visit一、/注息：某些动词(如 come，, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay等)般不用于 be going to结构中，而用 现在进行时表示将来。考点六现在完成时I .现在完成时的用法1 .表示过去发

15、生的动作或在说话之前已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Already和yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常 放在句末。He has gone to Guangdong already.他已经去广东了。2 .现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去，常与“for +一段时间”和“ since +表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”连用。He has studied English for 5 years.他已经学 5 年英语了。3 .非延续性动词(如 c

16、ome, go, die, marry, buy等)的完成时不能与表示一段时间的 词连用。因此需要将非延续性动词变为延续性动词，如 die be dead, open / close 一 be open / closed 等。n .现在完成时的句式构成肯定句：主语 + have / has +过去分词 +其他.否定句：主语 + haven' t / hasn' t +过去分词 +其他.一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+过去分词 +其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have / has +主语+过去分词 +其他？ 【典例精析】1. - Why are you standing

17、 here, Mrs. White?一 I'm waiting for my son. He back from school.A. hasn' t come B. won' t come C. doesn' t come2. Miss Lin a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.A. doesB. did C. has done D. will do3. The Dongying-Hainan airline for about 5 months. I have taken the flights three

18、times.A. is openB. has opened C. has been open D. has been openedm.易混词辨析have / has gone to & have / has been / to / in用法例句have / has gone to指“已去了某地"，说话时当事人不在对话发 生的地方；或在去某地或从某地回来的途中； 或已到达某地。Jim has gone to London.吉姆去伦敦了。（可能在去伦敦的路上，也可能已经到了伦敦，也可能在从伦敦回来的路上。）have / has been to指“曾去过某地”，说话时当事人已经从该

19、地 回来或已从该地去了其他地方。Jim has been to London twice.吉姆去过两次伦敦。（去过伦敦，但现在不在 那里。）have / has been in指“已在某地待了一段时间（如果要表示在 某个小地方待了一段时间， 要将in换为at） ”。 后面跟副词时，要把介词去掉。Jim has been in London for two years.吉姆已经在伦敦待J两年了。【典例精析】 Is James at home?- No, he Ya' an to be a volunteer.A. has gone to B. has been to C. is goin

20、g to考点七过去完成时I .过去完成时的用法表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。概括地讲即“过去的过去”。过去完成时的句中一般都有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其做比较，使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。句中常用by, before, until , by the time等词引导的时间状语。By the end of last year, we had built five new houses.到去年为止，我们已经建了5座房子。n .过去完成时的句式构成肯定句：主语 + had +过去分词+其他.否定句：主语 + hadn' t +过去分词+其他

21、.一般疑问句：Had +主语+过去分词 +其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词 + had +主语+过去分词+其他？【典例精析】- Why was he late for school yesterday?- He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus already.A. was; leaving B. has; left C. would; leave D. had; left考点八过去将来时I .过去将来时的用法表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。此时态多用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时由"shoul

22、d或would +动词原形”构成。也可用“was / were goingto+动词原形”结构来表示。第一人称用 should,其他人称用 would.They were sure that they would succeed. 他们确信他们会成功。n .过去将来时的句式构成肯定句：主语 + should / would + 动词原形 +其他.主语 + was / were going to + 动词原形 + 其他.否定句：主语 + should / would not + 动词原形 +其他.主语 + was / were not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他.一般疑问句：S

23、hould / Would +主语+动词原形 +其他？Was / Were +主语+ going to + 动词原形 +其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词 + should / would +主语+动词原形 +其他？ 疑问词+ was / were +主语+ going to +动词原形 +其他？ 【典例精析】一 What did Yang Ying say? She said they a school trip the next weekend.A. will have B. had C. would have D. have考点九非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换非延续性动词的现在完成时不能与表示时间

24、段的时间状语连用。如果要与时间段连用, 我们要将句中的非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性或状态性动词。试比较下面的句子：He has died for three years. (x )He has been dead for three years. (V)他去世三年了。She has joined the league for two years. ( x ) She has been in the league for two years. (V) She has been a league member for two years. (V) 她入团两年了。非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换：b

25、uy f haveborrow f keepdie - be dead leave f be away begin / start f be on become f be finish f be over get up f be up get to know f know get ill f be ill go to 一 be tocome to 一 be in / atcome here f be herecatch a cold f have a coldjoin f be in / be a member of get married f be married get in touch

26、with f keep in touch with fall in love with 一 be in love with I have had this dictionary for three months. 我买了这本字典三个月了。(不能用have bought)I have kept the magazine for two weeks.我持有(借)这本杂志两个月了。(不能用have borrowed)He has been away from his hometown for over twenty years.他离开家乡20多年了。（不能用has left）Hurry up! Th

27、e film has been on for five minutes.快！电影还有5分钟就要开始了。（不能用has begun / started）The important meeting has been over for two days.那场重要的会议已经结束两天了。（不能用has finished）They have been married for fifty years.他们已经结婚 55年了。（不能用have got married ）一、/ 注息：如果非延续性动词的现在完成时是否定式则可与段时间状语连用，因为这个动作并没有发生。We haven' t seen ea

28、ch other since we parted the year before last.我们自从前年分开以后就再也没有见过面。I haven' t heard from Mr. Smith for a long time.我很久没有收到过史密斯先生的信了。考点十时态的疑难点有些时态检测题没有明确的“时间状语”或“时态呼应”信息。解答这类题时，必须通过仔细观察， 据理分析、判断，寻找出“暗含”的时间来确定上下句之间的时态关系。【典例精析】1. 一 Have you had your breakfast yet?- Yes. Mum it for me.A. was cooking B

29、. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked2. Look, so many passengers with their smart phones on the underground.A. played B. will play C. are playing D. have played3. Sam opened the door and a lovely dog outside.A. findsB. found C. has found D. will find精讲必备考点（语态）考点一主动语态变被动语态考点二主动表被动考点三被动语态的特殊情况考点四语态、时态综合

30、考查考点五含情态动词的被动语态考点六不用被动语态的情况考点七被动语态与系表结构的区别语态语态分为主动语态和被动语态。句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。被动语态由“ be +过去分词”构成，时态通过be来表现。各种时态的被动语态被动语态构成形式一般现在时的被动语态is / am / are +过去分词一般过去时的被动语态was / were + 过去分词一般将来时的被动语态will be +过去分词现在完成时的被动语态have / has been + 过去分词含情态动词的被动语态can / may / must / need /

31、 should + be + 过去分词考点一主动语态变被动语态1 .把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2 .把谓语动词变为被动结构，其人称和数要随着主语的变化而变化，但时态不变。3 .把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，则把主格变为宾格（by短语可以省略）。考点二主动表被动1 .不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的此类动词有：cut, sell,read, write, fill , cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等。The book sells well.这本书卖得很好。2 . look, sound, taste,

32、smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。The pears taste nice.那些梨味道很好。3 .不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。The question is difficult to answer. 那个问题很难回答。4 . “have / get +宾语+过去分词”也可以表示被动。I' ll have my hair cut.我要（去）理发。5 .在need后面，主动的 V-ing形式表被动。Your flowers need watering. 你的花该浇水了。考点三被动语态的特殊情况1. make, see, watch, hear, notice, fee

33、l等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略 to的动词不定式连用，但变为被动语态后，必须加上to。I often see the old man run in the morning.f The old man is often seen to run in the morning. 我经常看见司 B个老人早晨跑步。2. be worth doing中的doing表被动意义。This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。3. want / need / required + doing 相当于 want / need / required + to be done ,

34、其中 to be done表示不定式的被动结构。My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be required. 我的自行车需要修理。4. 一些动词短语用被动语态时，动词短语应视为一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或 副词。The little dog must be looked after well. 那只小狗必须得到很好的照顾。考点四语态、时态综合考查考查被动语态时，选项中常以主动语态作为干扰点，并同时检测时态。解这类题时对语态、时态必须 同时考虑。【典例精析】 Can you sing the English song? Yes, a lit

35、tle. It on the radio yesterday.A. taught B. is taught C. was taught考点五含情态动词的被动语态含情态动词的被动语态，其时态主要是“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”。含情态动词的被动语态的构成形式是“情态动词+ be +过去分词”，其中be不可用其他词替换。【典例精析】 It' s difficult to get to the other side of the river.- I think a bridge over the river.A.should be builtB. should build C. will b

36、uildD. has built考点六不用被动语态的情况1 .主动句的宾语是 each other或反身代词时，不用被动语态。The man introduced himself as Mr. Wight. 那个人自我介绍说是怀特先生。（主动语态）They help each other study English.他们互相帮助学习英语。（主动语态）2 .主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不用被动语态。We will have a meeting.我们将要开一个会。（主动语态）3 .主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不用被动语态。He asked to have a try.他请求试一试。（

37、主动语态）My brother enjoys watching TV .我弟弟喜欢看电视。（主动语态）考点七被动语态与系表结构的区别1 .被动语态表示主语为动作的承受着，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。The shop is closed at 9:00 pm.这个商店晚上 9点关门。（动作）The shop is closed today.这个商店今天没开门。（状态）2 .系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中则没有。Miss Wang is satisfied with us.王老师对我们很满意。（系表结构）3 .系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。She'

38、 s so worried about her exams.她非常担心她的考试。（系表结构）4 .系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构则可以用于多种时态。中考题型专练之语法复习（动词语态）考点一：在语境中将语态与时态相结合【经典习题】（）1. The doctor looked over John carefully after he to the hospital.A. is takingB. is takenC. tookD. was taken（）2. Look! What a nice garden!-Yes. It every day.A. has been cle

39、aned B. is cleanedC. is being cleaned D. was cleaned（） 3. I don ' t think sixteear-olds should to drive on their own.A. allowB. be allowingC. be allowedD. not allow（） 4. The task in an hour. Then you can go home and have a good rest.A. will be finished B. was finishedC. has finishedD. will finis

40、h（）5. - Have you moved into your new apartment?- Not yet. It .A. is being paintedB. is being paintingC. is paintingD. is painted（） 6. What good news! The thief by the police already.A. is caughtB. caughtC. has caughtD. has been caught【考点点拨】动词语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语 态。被动语态由 助动词be

41、 +及物动词的-ed形式”构成。考点二：使用语态时的几个注意点【经典习题】()1. The young man was often seen by the lake.A. to drawB. to drawingC. drawD. drew()2. - Excuse me. I want to buy some of Jay' s CDs.Sorry, they are . But we ' ll get some more next week because they.A. sold well; are on saleB. selling well; sell wellC.

42、sold out; sell wellD. sold out; were on sale() 3. In many places of China, old people not only by their family but also by the localgovernments.A. are taking good careB. are taken good careC. are taking good care ofD. are taken good care of() 4. Great changes in my hometown. Many tall buildings .A.

43、have taken place; have set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. were taken place; were set upD. have been taken place; have been set up() 5. This dress smooth and soft. I would like to buy it.A. feltB. is being feltC. is feltD. feels【考点点拨】 主动语态中make, see, watch, hear等后作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，在改为被动语态时，需要

44、补出动词不定式符号 to。 feel, look, smell, sound, taste等感官动词后接形容词作表语时，没有被动语态，其主动形式表示被动意义。 当sell, open, lock, write, burn, drive, wash等词的主语为物时，其主动形式表示被动意义。不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态，如 happen, last, rise, fall, appear, come out, take place 等。 将短语动词作为整体看待，改为被动语态时必须保持其完整性，如hand in, talk about, use up, pay attention to, take

45、 care of, make use of, make fun of等短语动词在改为被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不可漏掉。一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读理解When faced with difficult situations in their lives, many people find them too challenging and give up, especially on their life dreams. But not for Gabriel Heredia.Gabrrel is a 21-year-old Argentinean barber (阿根廷理发师)

46、who was born without hands. But he was able to grow up happy and independent because he always had the support of friends and family. In fact, his inspiration for such work was his mother, who is a hairdresser. At the age of 14, he began to take interest in her work and learned all kinds of hair cut

47、ting skills from her. Although he first saw it as an interest, Gabriel quickly decided that this was his dream job.Gabriel's family soon helped him open his first barbershop in San Isidro, Peru, which he worked at for one and a half years. There, he met Zlatan Gomez, the president of Argentina C

48、orta, an organization for barbers to connect, do charity ( 慈善)work, and teach hairdressing. Later, Gabriel became part of Argentina Corta, offering his services to people of all ages so they can build up the skills they need to get a job.Gabriel then moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina where he cuts ha

49、ir today. As a bright and caring young man, Gabriel tries hard to not only be a barber, but also make a connection with the neighborhood. He says, "The thing that I like the most about my job is that people feel comfortable and stylish with my cuts and that makes me feel happy."Gabriel alw

50、ays does his best to be independent. He never gives up. There is nothing he can't do. Besides cutting hair, he has learned to ride a bike, a motorbike and even to drive a car. He is no doubt inspiring others.(1) When Gabriel was born, what made him different from others?A. He was born without ha

51、nds.B. His special haircut.C. His life dream.D. His happiness and independence.(2) At first, Gabriel Heredia learned hair cutting skills.A. from Zlatan Gomez B. from his mother C. from his friends D. by himself(3) Which of the following statements about Gabriel Heredia is NOT true?A. He tries hard t

52、o make a connection with the neighborhood. B. He can not only cut hair but also drive a car.C. He joined Argentina Corta and taught others hair cutting skills in San Isidro.D. He opened his first barbershop in Buenos Aires with the help of his family.(4) What does Gabriel's story mainly tell us?

53、A. A good beginning makes a good ending.B. You're never too old to learn.C. Nothing is impossible if you don't give up.D. Education changes life.【答案】(1) AB(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】文章大意：很多人在面对困难时会选择放弃，但是加布里埃尔赫雷迪亚没有放弃，他是一个理发师，生下来就没有双手，但是能够独立的成长，在家人的鼓励和支持下，实现了自己的梦想，后 来帮搬到了阿根廷首都，布宜诺斯艾利斯，继续在那里理发。 加布里埃尔总

54、是尽力保持独立。他从不放弃。他什么都能做。除了剪发，他还学会了骑自行车、摩托车甚至开车。他无疑在激励别人。(1)细节理解题，根据 who was born without hands. 可知，使他与众不同的是剩下了就没有双手，故 答案是Ao(2)细节理解题， 根据 In fact, his inspiration for such work was his mother, who is a hairdresser. At theage of 14, he began to take interest in her work and learned all kinds of hair cutti

55、ng skills from her.可知是他的理发技艺来自他的妈妈，故答案是Bo(3)正误判断题题， 根据 Gabriel's family soon helped him open his first barbershop in San Isidro, Peru, which he worked at for one and a half years.可知他在家人的帮助下在秘鲁圣伊西德罗开了第一家理发店，而不是在布宜诺斯艾利斯，所以 D的叙述错误，故答案是Do(4)细节理解题，根据根据文章内容可知，只要不放弃，什么都能成为可能，故答案是Co【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和

56、正误判断题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；文章出处题需要根据文章内容确定其来源；正误判断题属于细节理解题的一种，也需要根据文章内容进行判2 .阅读理解In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin had a fight with the State of Zhao, Zhao needed some talented people to ask for help from Chu. Then Mao Sui the man who believed he was the right person for this task came and recommended （推荐）himself. And he made the king of Chu send the army to help successfully. Zhao was safe. From then on, Mao Sui became a well-known hero of the state.One day, Shang Yang put a thin wooden stick near the south gate of the capital of Qin. He promised to pay 10