必修三Unit1知识点

1、 Unit 11. mean的用法1）mean to do意欲做 e.g. I didnt mean to hurt you.2）mean doing意味着 e.g. Missing the train means waiting for another hour.3) be meant for 适合做e.g. He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school.means 方式，方法，途径 by all means 当然可以，没问题 by no means 绝不by means of 借助手段；依靠方法

2、练习：他说他不适合读书因为懒。He says he _a student for his laziness.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failing this exam _another one.我并不是故意迟到的。 I didnt _ be late for school.2. celebrate vt. & vi.(1)  庆祝；祝贺 celebrate Christmas / ones birthday / a victory (成功)(2)   赞扬；称颂 e.g. The names of many heroes are

3、celebrated by the poets.词语辨析：celebrate, congratulatecelebrate表示“庆祝”后常接日期,事情或场合，表示“赞扬”时，宾语可以是人，也可是物。 congratulate后常接人，表示向某人祝贺congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth. congratulations (to sb) on sth/ doing sth.3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态，主语为所发生的事。 词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比

4、较1) take place“发生,举行” 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思 e.g. Great changes have taken place in China in the past 10 years.2) happen “发生”常指具体客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生。happen还可以表示“碰巧发生了什么事” 常构成sb/sth. happens to do或It happens thate.g. It happened to rain that day. The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday.3）occur “发生

5、，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to 有“想起”的意思。 e.g. A good idea occurred to me.4）break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发e.g. The Second World War broke out in 1939.5）come about “发生”, 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近 e.g. How does it come about that you were caught by the police? 练习：用take place , happ

6、en 和 come about 的正确形式填空1. The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.2. If anything _ to the machine, let me know at once.3. The opening day of the play _ tomorrow night.4. Can you tell me how it _?4. starve: vt.使饿死 vi.饿得要死starve to deathbe starved of/ starve for: 渴望 n. starvation饿死：die of starvatione.g. The mo

7、therless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 练习：他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。They got lost in the desert and _.他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。They are _a sum of money to finish their work.5. honor 1) n. 光荣，荣誉；光荣的人或事情e.g. They fight for the honor of the country.Liu Xiang is an honor to our country.2) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v） e.

8、g. Children should honor their parents.3) in honor of 为了纪念 do sb. honor/ do honor to sb. 向某人致敬on ones honor 以人格担保 have the honor of doing/ to do sth. 有幸做6. satisfy vt. / vi. 使满意，使满足e.g. Nothing can satisfy him except the best.Some people are really hard to satisfy.sb. be satisfied with 对满意 e.g. Shes

9、 not satisfied with her new house.令人满意的: satisfying, satisfactory 满意：satisfaction7. harm n./v. 损害；伤害do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sb 反： do sb goode.g. He meant no harm to you. The events has harmed the relations between the two countries. 8. in memory of 为纪念e.g. The museum was built in memory of th

10、e famous scientist.in praise of 歌颂 in charge of 负责；掌管 in search of 寻找in favor of 支持 in celebration of 庆祝 in support of 支持in place of 代替 in case of 如果；万一 9. They offer food, flowers and gift. 词语辨析：offer, provide, supply offer 主动提供。offer sth to sb/ offer sb sthprovide 供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。 provide sth (for

11、 sb)/ provide sb with sth.supply: 供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth练习：When I meet difficulty, my roommates will _me help. They _a reward for the return of the lost jewels. The government need to _these old people with food and clothes. Electricity should be _enough every month. 10.

12、dress up 盛装打扮；装扮，装饰 e.g. You dont have to dress up. Come as you are.Children love dressing up in Halloween.dress vt. 给穿衣 dress oneself/ sb. 给自己/某人穿衣 表示动作 be dressed in 表示状态11.play a trick on sb.= play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人；开某人的玩笑相近短语：make fun of 取笑，捉弄 laugh at 嘲笑 make a fool of愚弄 play a joke with= joke

13、 with和某人开玩笑trick vt. trick sb into sth./ doing sth. 诱使某人干某事 trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物 12 award n. 奖品，奖项，奖金e.g. She showed us the awards she had won.vt. 授予; 判定 award sb sth= award sth to sb e.g. The judges awarded both teams equal points.award “奖，奖品，奖金”, 侧重经过正式裁定而得到的prize “奖， 奖金”, 指在比赛中获胜或有特殊贡献时

14、所得的奖励reward 回报,报酬13. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕admire sb/sth (for ) 为某事钦佩某人 e.g. I admire him for his success in business.admiration n. admirable adj.14. look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待e.g. Im looking forward to his coming.以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing，而不是dopay attention to 注意 devoteto 致力于prefer to 更加喜欢 get d

15、own to 开始做 be used to 习惯于15. as though= as if 好像，仿佛 （其引导的从句中的谓语动词即可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气） 1)虚拟语气（其谓语若与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，be动词用were；若与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时）e.g. He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.He talks as if/though he knew everything.2). 陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气）e.g. It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.H

16、e waved to me as if to tell me something.16. custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指个人生活习惯。customs关税practice 习俗，惯例; 与custom近义，但含贬义。make a practice of 惯常做某事。habit 个人生活习惯，后接of doing, 不可接不定式。break a custom 打破习俗 follow/keep up a custom 遵从、遵守习俗manners and customs 风俗习惯 customs 付关税 pass/go through the customs通关 用custom, pract

17、ice 和 habit填空1)I have the _ of getting up early.2)It is the _ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.3)Social _ differ from country to country.4)He makes a _ of cheating at examinations.5)We should pay _ when we import from abroad.17. permission n. 准许；许可；批准give permission

18、 (for sth./ sb. to do sth.) 准许（某事/某人干某事）without permission 未经许可 with ones permission 经某人的许可ask sb. for permission 请求某人准许 give sb. permission to do sth准许某人做某事permit vt.&vi.允许；准许 n. 许可证；特许证permit sb. sth/ permit sb to do sth./ permit doing sth18. turn up 1) appear 出现；到场 他到目前还没有出现。 He _so far.2)调大声

19、音，把.开大点儿请把火调大一点。 Please _ the fire.相关短语: turn down拒绝 turn off关掉 turn on 打开 turn out 结果是 turn in 上交 turn to 转向；翻到；求助于19. keep ones word 守信用, 遵守诺言 break ones word 违背诺言keep a promise遵守诺言 make a promise 做出承诺carry out a promise 履行诺言 break a promise 违背诺言in a word 简言之 in other words 换句话说 have a word with s

20、b. 与某人交谈 have words with sb. (about sth.) 关于某事与某人争吵20. hold ones breath 屏息e.g. The girl held her breath at the sight of the snake. take breath呼吸 lose ones breath= be out of breath喘不过气来breathe v. breath n.21. apologize 道歉 apologize to sb for (doing) sth = say sorry to sb for doing sthe.g. You must ap

21、ologize to the teacher for being so rude. apology n. make an apology to sb for (doing) sth.22. wipe (wiped, wiped) vt 擦，擦去wipe off抹掉，擦掉 wipe out 消灭；扫除 wipe up擦干净 wipe the words off the blackboard23. remind sb. of sth 提醒某人某事 remind sb. to do sth / remind sb. that1) 他提醒我那个承诺。He reminded me of my promi

22、se.2) 他提醒我要早起。He reminded me to get up early.3) 他提醒我本应该小心点。He reminded that I should have been more careful.24.As Li Fang set off for home, he thought.set off: 动身, 出发; (侧重去某一个地方）； 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; e.g. Tom and his father set off for America yesterday. The bomb set off among the crowd.相关短语：set about doing

23、 sth. =set out to do sth 着手（做某事） 语法：情态动词may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 一、can, could 和be able to的用法1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人 She can/be able to sing the song in English.This machine can make you feel comfortable.2.can

24、只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。 Well be able to finish the work soon./ I havent been able to see the film.could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如： I could read when I was four. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.She ran fast but she

25、 couldnt /wasnt able to catch the bus.3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.    He was able to swim halfway before he

26、60;got tired. 4.could不表示时态 ,表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 Could I have a look at your notebook?Yes, you can./No, you can't. 5.表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)Can this news be true?How can you be so foolish? It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.6.表示推测，译为“可能、或许”，can常用于否定句(意思是"不可能已

27、经")和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句(意思是"那时可能;本来可以")。Linda didnt catch the train. She could have caught it. Don't worry. They could have just forgotten to phone. 二、may和might 1. may和might 用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustnt-May I use your pencil?-Yes, y

28、ou may./ No, you mustnt.2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小 She may not be working now. John might be at home now.3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/might have done,用might比用may的可能性更小 She may/might have gone to the cinema. They may/might not have received our telephone.4.may 放在句

29、首祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! May God bless you! 三、Will 和 would1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy. I promised that I would do my best.2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉Will you tell him the news as soon as he comes back？ Would you

30、please speak again more slowly？四、shall ,should 和ought to1.shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。You shall do as I say. (命令) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺) Nothing shall stop me doing it. (决心) 2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。Shall I open the window for you？（征求意见） Shall he fetch some water for

31、 you？（请求）3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。e.g. Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到但没有做到”,用于否定则表示“本不该但”ought to的语气更强烈.You should/ought to have

32、 told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.五、must 和have to1.Must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用 neednt或dont have to，做 “不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”   Must I finish all assignments at a time?   Yes, you must./ No, you&

33、#160;needn't. You mustnt get down while the car is still moving. 2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。 I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus.

34、 They had to walk home.3.must表示对某人某事的猜测， 作“准是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done  You must be the new teacher.   He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home. 4. Must表示“偏

35、要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite。EXERCISES1.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey. ( ) A. can&#

36、39;t be B. mustn't have been C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have been2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. ( ) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to3. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. A. must B. can C. may D. will4. - Could I call

37、you by your first name? - Yes, you_. A. will B. could C. can D. might5. Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will6.-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You _ have my computer if you dont take care of

38、it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt7. With so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have goneC. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone8.Johnny, you _play with the knife, you _hurt yourself. ( )A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; mayC. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn't9. I missed the bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. may C. can D. had to第一单元检测一、选词填空：worldwide/ permission/ apologize/ drown/sadness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep ones word/ hold ones breath/ set off/ remindof1) You shouldnt