(完整word版)会计英语期末复习资料v

1、09会计英语期末复习资料I. Useful Phrases （短语） 这个是给出中文让写英文1. Trading securities交易性金融资产2. Notes/accounts receivable应收票据 /帐款3. Provision for bad debts 坏帐准备4. Advances to suppliers 预付帐款5. Prepaid expenses摊费用（考过）6. Accrued expenses预提费用7. Accrued payroll 应付工资8. Dividends payable 应付股利9. Provision for loss on realizat

2、ion of inventory 存货变现损失准备10. Available-for-sale securities 可供出售的金融资产11. Hold-to-maturity securities 持有至到期投资12. Long-term investment in equity 长期股权投资13. Long-term investment maturing within one year 一年内到期的长期投资14. Receivables collectible after one year一年以上应收款项15. Fixedassets-cost固定资产原价16. Fixed assets

3、 -net book value 固定资产净值17. Fixed assets-pending disposal 固定资产清理18. Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧19. Construction in progress 在建工程20. Intangible assets无形资产21. Proprietary technology and patents 工业产权及专有技术22. Deferred tax assets递延所得税资产23. Current liabilities 流动债务24. Provisions for foreseeable liabiliti

4、es 预计负债准备25. Premium/discount on debentures payab“付公司债券溢价 /折价26. Deferred tax liabilities 递延所得税负债1027. Paid-in capital 实收资本28. Capital/Earnings surplus 资本 /盈余公积29. Undistributed profits 末分配利润30. Accumulated losses 累计亏损31. Profit and loss account利润表32. Sales discounts and allowances!售折扣与折让33. Impairm

5、ent losses of assets资产减值损失34. Gain/loss on changes in fair value公允价值变动收益 /损失35. Operating profit/loss 营业利润/亏损36. Non-operating income/expenses营业外收入 /支出37. Net profit/loss after tax 税后净利润 /亏损38. Earnings per share (EPS)每股收益39. Basic/diluted EPS 基本 /稀释每股收益II. Abbreviations (缩略语)这个是给简写让你写出英语跟中文1. GAAP

6、: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles .公认会计原则2. FASB : Financial Accounting Standards Board. 财务会计准则委员会3. AICPA : American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 美国注册会 计师协会4. CICPA : Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 中国注册会计师协会5. MOF : the Ministry of Finance 财政部6. SL Method

7、: straight-line method. 直线法 P.252/77. ROA : return on assets 产报酬率P.267/78. EPS : earning per share每股收益P.351/99. P/E Ratio : the price/earning ration 市盈率10. SCF : the statement of cash flows 现金流量表III. Questions (回答问题)Lesson 1 - Home AssignmentsDiscussion Questions: p.221. What are the four financial

8、statements prepared by a proprietorship to provide information for decision making?，They are: income statement (profit and loss account), statement of owne sr equity (capital statement, statement of retained earnings), balance sheet and cash flow statement.2. What is the proper formula presentation

9、of the accounting equation?Assets = Liabilities + owner's equity + (Revenue Expenses)Exercise 1 - 2: p.23Foreman Corporation, engaged in a service business,completed the following selected transactions during the period”1) Issued additional capital stock, receiving cash;2) Purchased supplies on

10、account;3) Returned defective supplies purchased on account and not yet paid for;4) Received cash as a refund from the erroneous overpayment of an expense;5) Charged customers for services sold on account;6) Paid utilities expense;7) Paid a creditor on account;8) Received cash on account from charge

11、 customers;9) Paid cash dividends to stockholders;10) Determined the amount of supplies used during the month.Lesson 2 - Home AssignmentsDiscussion Questions: p.631. Does debit always mean increase and credit always mean decrease?No, it does not. And debit or credit should not be confused with incre

12、ase or decrease. It depends on which side of an account is used for debit or credit.2. Given that assets have economic value and that they have debit balances, why do expenses also have debit balances?Because expenses have the effect of decreasing capital, and just as decreases in capital are record

13、ed as debit, increases in expense accounts are recorded as debits.Lesson 3-Home AssignmentsAnswer the following questions:1. Briefly explain the matching principle.(考过)VThe matching principle states that expenses should be deducted (matched against) from the revenues earned in the same period.2. Why

14、 is an unearned revenue a liability? VUnearned revenue is a liability because the business owes the customer a good or service.Lesson 7-Home Assignments1. What do determinable current liabilities include? P.291 VThey include trade accounts payable, current notes payable, current maturities of long-t

15、erm obligations, cash dividends payable, accrued liabilities, and prepayments or deposits from customers.2. What does non-current liabilities represent? P.306 VIt represents obligations of the firm that generally are due more than one year after the balance sheet date.3. What does the major portion

16、of non-current liabilities consist of?P.306It consists of notes and bonds payable.Lesson 8-Home AssignmentsAnswer the following questions:1. What determines the yield rate of a companys stock? VDividends per share divided by market price per share determine the yield rate of a companys stock.2. What

17、 is P/E ratio? VThe Price/Earning (P/E) ratio is the ratio of the market price per share to earnings per share.Lesson 9-Home AssignmentsAnswer the following questions:1. What are the three categories into which the SCF should be classified?They are a) cash flow from operating activities, b) cash flo

18、w from investing activities, cash flow from financing activities. V2. What is the usefulness of the SCF?/From SCF, the information users can know the reasons for the difference between net income and net cash flows from operating activities.IV. E-C Translation （英汉语篇翻译） 让你写中文意思P.49/L.21. Preparing a

19、Trial BalanceAccountantsusually complete the posting of journal entries to the ledger accountsat the end of each month if they are using a manual system. With a computerized system, each posting is done automatically as each journal entry is recorded. The equality of debits and credits in the ledger

20、 should be verified at the end of each accounting period. To verify the accuracy of the recording process,accountants prepare a trial balance of the ledger accounts. A trial balance not only provides a check on the equality of debits and credits but also is a useful summary of account balances for p

21、reparing financial statements.参考译文 编制试算表（考过）若使用的是手工录入系统的话， 会计师通常是在每个月的月底完成日记帐到分类帐的过帐工作； 若是用计算机系统的话， 则每次过帐均在完成每笔日记帐的同时就自动完成了。在每个会计时期的期末，应对分类帐的借贷等额进行校验。会计师编制分类帐的试算表则是为了校验录入过程的准确性。 试算表不但便于核对分类帐的借贷等额，而且也有助于编制会计报表时汇总各帐户余额。P.242/L.62. Significant investments in the equity securities （voting stock） of anot

22、her company may also indicate significant influence and a substantive economic relationship. To achieve a reasonable degree of uniformity, the accounting profession concluded that an investment of 20 percent or more in the voting stock of another company representsa “significant influence” and that

23、equity investment from 20 to 50 percent of the voting stock should be accountedfor using the equity method. Equity method is method of accounting whereby the investment is initially recorded at its cost and the carrying amount of the investment are adjusted thereafter for changes in the investo sr s

24、hare of owners equity of the investee enterprise.参考译文 对另一家公司的股权证券（即有表决权股票）所进行的重大投资，也可表明对其产生重要影响或形成某种实质性的经济关系。 为了取得合理的统一度，会计行业的结论是：对另一家公司的有表决权股票的投资达到20%或以上，即代表获得某种 “重要影响” ， 而对有表决权股票的股权投资达到 20%至 50%者，则应应运股权会计法。 股权法是一种会计方法， 即将投资先记入成本帐， 而该投资的帐面余额要随投资者在投资企业的所有者权益份额的变化进行调整。P.250/L.63. Interest of loan and

25、 other related expenses for acquiring fixed assets, and the exchange difference from conversion of foreign currency loan, if incurred before the assets not having been put into operation or after been put into operation but before the final account for completed project is made, shall be accounted a

26、s fixed assets value; if incurred after that, shall be accounted for as current profit or loss. We only can capitalize the actual interest costs incurred curing construction. The rationale for capitalizing the actual interest costs incurred during construction is that during construction the asset i

27、s not generating revenues, and therefore interest costs should be deferred (capitalized). Once construction is completed, the asset is ready for its intended use and revenues can be earned. At this point, interest should be reported as an expenseand matched to these revenues.参考译文 贷款利息以及为获得固定资产而产生的其它

28、相关费用，还有因外币贷款转换而产生的汇率差额， 如果发生于资产投入运行之前或虽然投入运行但该项已竣工程尚未最后结帐， 均须以固定资产价值进行会计； 如果发生在上述情况之后， 则应作为当前获利或损失进行会计。 我们只能将项目在建期间产生的实际利息成本转化为资本。将项目在建期间产生的实际利息成本资本化的基本原理是：该资产不能产生收益，所以，其利息成本应当递延(资本化) 。而一旦建设项目竣工， 该资产就可发挥预想的作用并获得收益。 此刻， 利息就应作为一项开支，同时要与收益相匹配。p.291/L.74. Determinable current liabilities are known with

29、certainty to exist as of the balance sheet date, and the amount ultimately to be paid is known with certainty or can be reasonably estimated. In most cases the existence, amounts to be paid and due dates of determinable current liabilities are prescribed by written or implied contracts. Therefore, t

30、he primary accounting problem related to most determinable current liabilities is simply to be certain that they are recorded and are properly classified in the balance sheet.参考译文 可确定流动负债是由资产负债表日期来确定其存在，且最终的应付金额也可确定或可合理地加以估算。 多数情况下， 可确定流动负债的存在、 应付金额及付款日期均由书面或默认合约加以规定。 因此， 针对绝大多数的可确定流动负债来说， 首要的会计问题就是

31、将它们记入资产负债表并在表中予以合理地分类。pp.297-298/L.75. Contingency is a condition that arises from past transactions or events, the outcome of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events. A contingencyis involving uncertainty as to possible asset (hereinafter a “conti

32、ngent asse”t) or liability (hereinafter a “contingent liability”) to an enterprise that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. Contingencies are classified as either contingent assets or contingent liabilities.参考译文 或有事项是由于往日的经济交易或经济事件所产生的一种条件；该条件的结果只能由不确定的

33、未来经济事件的发生与否来确认。 或有事项包含着企业可能拥有的资产(下称“或有资产” )或负债(下称“或有负债” )的某种不确定性， 而这种不确定性将伴随一种或多种未来经济事件的发生与否而最终得以明确。或有事项可分为或有资产或或有负债。p.358/L.8The P/E Ratio6. The Price/Earning (P/E) ratio, which measures investor confidence in a company, isthe ratio of the market price per share to earnings per share. The P/E ratio

34、 in comparing the relative value placed on the earnings of different companies and in comparing the value placed on a company s share in relation to the overall market. Companies with track records of rapid growth may sell at P/E ratio higher. Companies with “flat” earnings or earnings expected to decline in future years often sell at price-earnings ratios lower.For example, A corporation s earnings per share is 0.18, a stock s market price is $15. Then,