商务英语高级词汇――银行与金融_百度文库

1、银行与金融 - 高级abstract of title (noun phrase = 产权简史A legal document that has the history of a piece of landI never buy any land until I have looked at the abstract of title. 未提供注释。accommodation endorsement (noun phrase = 融通背书an additional signature on a loan application by a person who has good credit;

2、a bank often requires the signature before approving the loanThe bank refused to approve the loan without an accommodation endorsement. 未提供注释。accretion (noun = 增值the increase in value of an assetIn a wine company, there is a lot of accretion because wine becomes more valuable as it ages. 未提供注释。accru

3、ed income (noun phrase = 应计收入revenue which is owed but has not yet been receivedMy company is having a problem converting our accrued income into actual cash. 未提供注释。adjustable rate mortgage (noun phrase = 可变利率贷款ARM; a loan whose interest rate varies over the life of the loanThe monthly mortgage paym

4、ents for my house have gone up because I have an adjustable rate mortgage. 未提供注释。affidavit (noun = 宣誓书a written, sworn statement of facts signed before an authorized official such as a notary publicThe witness wasn't able to testify at the trial, but the judge accepted an affidavit. 未提供注释。after-

5、hours trading (noun phrase = 收盘后交易buying or selling stocks outside the normal operating hours of the marketAfter-hours trading has become much more common because of the Internet. 未提供注释。after-tax basis (noun phrase = 税后基础a view of a sum of money that reflects the effects of taxationOn an after-tax b

6、asis, tax-free municipal bonds are often more profitable than regular bonds. 未提供注释。amortization (noun = 分期偿还a method of dividing a sum of money into time periods for the purposes of payment or writing off assetsWith the amortization schedule for my house mortgage, I pay some interest and some of the

7、 principal each month. 未提供注释。银行与金融 - 高级 (2annual percentage rate (noun phrase = 年度百分率APR; the actual amount of interest paid on a loan in one yearMy credit card's annual percentage rate is 8 percent. 未提供注释。arbitrage (noun = 套汇the quick purchase of a security in one market and sale at a higher pr

8、ice in another market My friend made a lot of money in the stock market last year through arbitrage. 未提供注释。bank run (noun phrase = 银行挤兑a situation in which customers of a bank, afraid that the bank will fail, rush to the bank and take out their moneyIn the United States, there were many bank runs du

9、ring the 1930s. 未提供注释。blue-sky law (noun phrase = 蓝天法state regulation that is designed to protect investors from securities fraudBlue-sky laws vary from state to state, but all are designed to protect investors. 未提供注释。boiler room (noun phrase = 证券推销所an office with a high-pressure atmosphere in which

10、 salespeople sell stocks and bonds that may be worthlessI quit my job in the boiler room because I felt guilty cheating people. 未提供注释。boilerplate (noun = 样板文件standardized text that is common in many contractsAt least half of the content in most contracts is boilerplate. 未提供注释。book value (noun phrase

11、 = 帐面价值the amount of value assigned to an asset in a company's financial books, usually the original purchase price minus depreciation;in auto insurance, the likely selling price of a carOur company car cost $35,000 two years ago, but its book value is now only $20,000. 未提供注释。break-even point (n

12、oun phrase = 盈亏平衡点the number of units of a product that must be sold in order to pay for its manufacture The break-even point for those laptop computers is 120,000 units. 未提供注释。budgetary variance (noun phrase = 预算差异the difference between the estimated cost of something and the actual amount spent Ou

13、r CFO was really unhappy because our budgetary variance has been so high. She wants our future estimates to be more accurate. 未提供注释。银行与金融 - 高级 (3capital asset (noun phrase = 资本资产any property that can be used to create more propertyThe forest we own is an important capital asset because we get lumber

14、 from it. 未提供注释。capital gain (noun phrase = 资本收益a profit in the sale of propertyWhen my mother sold her house, she had a capital gain of $100,000. 未提供注释。capital improvement (noun phrase = 设备改造an action which makes an asset more useful or valuable and extends the life of the asset Adding a bedroom to

15、 our house was a capital improvement. 未提供注释。capital loss (noun phrase = 资本损失the sale of an asset at a lower price than for its purchaseThe company took a big capital loss when it sold its factory at a very low price. 未提供注释。carryover merchandise (noun phrase = 商品结转goods that are not sold in a selling

16、 season and are left over for the next seasonWe have a big problem with carryover merchandise because the summer is over and we still have several thousand swimsuits. 未提供注释。cash cow (noun phrase = 现金牛a business that over a period of time continues to generate substantial profitsPickup trucks have be

17、en popular for a long time and continue to be a cash cow for some automakers. 未提供注释。cash flow (noun phrase = 现金流动量the amount of money that a business takes in and spends during a certain period of time To make sure we have a positive cash flow this quarter, we have to spend less than we make. 未提供注释。

18、cease-and-desist order (noun phrase = 制止令a command from a court or a government agency to stop an activityThe judge issued a cease-and-desist order to stop the company from dumping its chemicals in the river. 未提供注释。certificate of incorporation (noun phrase = 公司注册证a charter that a U.S. state issues t

19、o allow a corporation to do business as a legal entity Our company's certificate of incorporation was issued in Delaware. 未提供注释。银行与金融 - 高级 (4certified public accountant (noun phrase = 注册会计师CPA; a title granted by a U.S. state to a person who has passed the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Exa

20、mination and meets other state requirements for the public practice of accountancyMy sister is a certified public accountant at a large accounting firm. 未提供注释。collateral (noun = 抵押品property pledged as a guarantee of the repayment of a loanWhen my brother needed a loan for his business, he put up his

21、 house as collateral. 未提供注释。collusion (noun = 串通舞弊secret cooperation between competitors, often for an illegal purpose such as raising prices When prices in an industry rise, consumers sometimes suspect companies of collusion. 未提供注释。command economy (noun phrase = 中央管制经济an economic system in which th

22、e government strictly controls production and pricesThe former Soviet Union had a command economy. 未提供注释。commingling (noun phrase = 混淆a situation in which a trustee or financial caretaker mixes his or her funds with the funds of a customer or clientSeveral stockbrokers were accused of commingling. T

23、hey had added their personal money to some large stock deals for their customers. 未提供注释。common stock (noun phrase = 普通股the most usual type of company sharesEmployees with common stock have voting rights at company meetings. 未提供注释。conservatism concept (noun phrase = 稳健原则the idea that companies should

24、 assign value to an asset by comparing the actual price the company paid and the current market value and using the lower of the twoUsing the conservatism concept, our trucks are worth only about $15,000 each, even though we paid $20,000 for them. 未提供注释。consolidated balance sheet (noun phrase = 综合资产

25、负债表a report that combines financial information for a parent company and all of its subsidiariesOur consolidated balance sheet is extremely complicated because we have three large subsidiaries. 未提供注释。银行与金融 - 高级 (5constant dollars (noun phrase = 定值美元a measure of value over time that uses dollars link

26、ed to a specific yearIn the research study, we gave all amounts in constant dollars from the year 2000. 未提供注释。consumer debt (noun phrase = 消费债务money that consumers oweConsumers are buying more on credit, so consumer debt has been rising for several years. 未提供注释。contingency fee (noun phrase = 胜诉收费a c

27、harge for a service that is only paid if there is a favorable outcomeMy lawyer lost my case, so I didn't have to pay the contingency fee. 未提供注释。controllable cost (noun phrase = 可控成本an expense that can be reduced or increased by a management decisionThe managers at my company are working to reduc

28、e our controllable costs, so employees had to start paying for their own dental insurance. 未提供注释。convertible bond (noun phrase = 可兑换债券a bond that can be exchanged for a predetermined number of shares of stockI exchanged my convertible bonds for 4,000 shares of common stock. 未提供注释。corner a market (ve

29、rb phrase = 垄断市场buy enough of a commodity to give the buyer some control over the price of the commodityThey bought five meat companies and were able to corner the beef market in that city. 未提供注释。cost accounting (noun phrase = 成本会计the process of tracking the various costs of a product or organizatio

30、nWe have five employees in our finance department who are responsible for cost accounting. 未提供注释。cost basis (noun phrase = 成本基础the actual price that was paid for an assetThe cost basis for that factory is $5 million. 未提供注释。credit rating (noun phrase = 信用等级an evaluation of a person's ability to p

31、ay for products and services bought with credit Her credit rating is excellent, so she had no problem getting a loan. 未提供注释。银行与金融 - 高级 (6credit terms (noun phrase = 信贷条款a detailed description of the conditions for a loanI was able to get good credit terms on my loan from that bank. 未提供注释。customs dut

32、y (noun phrase = 关税a tax that importers pay on goods brought into a countryWe had to pay $400 customs duty on a shipment to Korea. 未提供注释。cyclical fluctuation (noun phrase = 周期性波动alternating periods of prosperity and recessionIn the last ten years, the cyclical fluctuation of the economy has greatly

33、affected the stock market. 未提供注释。debt-to-equity ratio (noun phrase = 负债股本比率a company's liabilities divided by the value of the company's outstanding sharesThe company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 3.3, which worried the board of directors. 未提供注释。deep-discount bond (noun phrase = 高折扣债券a bond

34、that a company sells at 25 percent or more below its face valueI bought a deep-discount bond last year. It had a face value of $2,000, but I only paid $1,500. 未提供注释。deferred annuity (noun phrase = 递延年金a policy that makes periodic payments to a person after a period of time, usually after many yearsI

35、 have a deferred annuity that will pay me $1,000 per month after 20 years. 未提供注释。deferred tax (noun phrase = 递延税金a charge due in the future on income being earned in the presentWe just made a $20,000 profit on that deal. We'll have to pay the deferred tax next April. 未提供注释。demurrage (noun = 延滞费a

36、 charge for the late arrival of a shipmentWe had to pay $4,000 in demurrage to the ship owner because our shipment arrived at the customer's warehouse late. 未提供注释。depletion (noun = 损耗the reduction of the value of an asset because the asset cannot be replacedThe coal company had a great deal of d

37、epletion as the coal was mined and sold. 未提供注释。银行与金融 - 高级 (7devalue (verb = 贬值reduce the value of a currencyMy country just devalued its currency, so now it's more expensive for me to buy foreign goods. 未提供注释。dilution of stock value (noun phrase = 股票价值缩减the reduction in value of stock because of

38、 an increase in the number of shares of stock That company just issued 100,000 new shares of stock, so there was a dilution of stock value in the existing shares. 未提供注释。direct labor cost (noun phrase = 直接人工成本the wages or salaries of employeesOur direct labor costs are very high on this project. 未提供注

39、释。diseconomy of scale (noun phrase = 规模不经济the disproportionate growth of expenses that occurs as some companies expandAs we expanded production, we suffered from a diseconomy of scale because of the increased communication problems between employees in different countries. 未提供注释。disposable income (n

40、oun phrase = 可支配收入money that consumers don't need for basic expenses, such as rent and foodWhen consumers have a lot of disposable income, high-end stores sell a lot of luxury goods. 未提供注释。divestiture (noun = 资产剥离出售the selling of part of a companyBefore last year's divestiture, we had six fa

41、ctories; now we have only two. 未提供注释。durable goods (noun phrase = 耐用品products that last a long time and that people use repeatedlyPeople aren't buying appliances and other durable goods right now and it's hurting the economy. 未提供注释。equity (noun = 资产净额the net value of a property or business a

42、fter subtracting any liabilitiesWe have about $120,000 of equity in our office building. 未提供注释。exchange-rate fluctuations (noun phrase = 汇率浮动changes in the relative values of two currencies when they are compared to each other There have been many exchange-rate fluctuations between the US dollar and

43、 the euro. 未提供注释。银行与金融 - 高级 (8exercise a stock option (verb phrase = 行使股票期权buy company stock at an agreed upon price by a set dateHelene exercised her option to buy 1,000 shares of her company's stock for $1 per share. 未提供注释。external auditor (noun phrase = 外聘审计员an accountant from outside a compa

44、ny who examines the company's financial books for accuracyAfter the CFO left the company, the board of directors brought in an external auditor to check its books. 未提供注释。fixed costs (noun phrase = 固定成本expenses that do not change in proportion to the business activity of a companyAs sales of our

45、computers increased, our rent and other fixed costs remained stable, which really helped our profits. 未提供注释。futures contract (noun phrase = 期货合同an agreement to buy a commodity in the future at a price that is set at the time of the agreementI signed a futures contract to buy 100 tons of iron next Ap

46、ril. 未提供注释。gross income (noun phrase = 总收入all of the revenues of a business before any taxes or expenditures are paidOur gross income is very good, but after we pay our expenses there isn't much left over. 未提供注释。gross national product (noun phrase = 国民生产总值GNP; the value of all the goods and serv

47、ices in a country during a yearOur gross national product rose last year which increased consumers' confidence in our economic policies. 未提供注释。hostile takeover (noun phrase = 恶意收购an attempt by one company to buy another company that opposes the attemptMy company refused an attempt to buy us, so

48、the other company tried a hostile takeover. 未提供注释。income tax (noun phrase = 所得税a tax on the revenues of a person or a companyI had to pay almost $5,000 in income tax this year. 未提供注释。银行与金融 - 高级 (9intangible asset (noun phrase = 无形资产a non-physical thing of value that a company ownsWe have many intang

49、ible assets in this company, including 14 patents and our trademark. 未提供注释。inventory turnover (noun phrase = 库存周转the rate at which supplies of goods are replacedWe have a low inventory turnover, so we shouldn't store so many goods in our warehouse. 未提供注释。inventory turnover (noun phrase = 库存周转率a

50、measurement of efficiency in moving goods that is the total sales during a period divided by the average inventorySales increased last month, so our inventory turnover was very high. 未提供注释。junk bond (noun phrase = 垃圾债券a bond with a high interest rate but a low credit ratingJunk bonds are very risky

51、investments. 未提供注释。legal entity (noun phrase = 法人实体an organization, such as a corporation, that is empowered by law to do business and own propertyMy friends and I are a legal entity because we formed a corporation. 未提供注释。letter of credit (noun phrase = 信用证a document that a financial institution iss

52、ues that acts as a guarantee of paymentWe have a letter of credit for $2,000 from that bank. 未提供注释。limited partner (noun phrase = 有限合伙人a business partner whose liability for the company's debts is equal to the amount he or she has investedJohn is a limited partner in that company, so he won'

53、t lose much if the company goes bankrupt.未提供注释。 liquid (adjective = 流动的 used to describe an asset that is easy to convert into cash Gold is a liquid asset because it is very easy to sell. 未提供注释。 liquidity (noun = 流动性 the ability to convert assets into cash quickly The liquidity of many of their asse

54、ts makes it easy for them to pay off their debts. 未提供注释。 银行与金融 - 高级 (10 Ltd. (adjective = 有限公司 limited; a designation used in England and some other countries to indicate that shareholders in a company have only limited liability for the company's debts Jameson, Ltd. buys a great deal of light m

55、etals. 未提供注释。 macroeconomics (noun = 宏观经济学 the field of study that analyzes whole economic systems My brother wrote a book about macroeconomics and the effect of global economic struggles on regional markets. 未提供注释。 majority shareholder (noun phrase = 大股东 a person who owns more than 50 percent of th

56、e shares of a company After she bought 10,000 more shares, Martina became the majority shareholder in the corporation. 未提供注释。 market capitalization (noun phrase = 市场资本化 a measure of the value or size of a corporation that is produced by multiplying the current stock price by the number of outstandin

57、g shares My company has a market capitalization of $56 million. 未提供注释。 memorandum of understanding (noun phrase = 谅解备忘录 MOU; a legal document that outlines a plan for action for two or more parties but lacks the legal force of a contract Our company just signed a memorandum of understanding with ano

58、ther company to develop new products for Asia. We hope to sign a contract next month. 未提供注释。 microeconomics (noun = 微观经济学 the field of study that analyzes individual consumers, markets, and companies A researcher in microeconomics came to study the consumers in our town. 未提供注释。 mutual fund (noun phrase = 共同基金 a form of investment in which investors put their money together to buy a