if条件句中的虚拟语气（一）（讲义）

1、.高中英语if条件句中的虚拟语气一1. 通过本课的学习，可以全面掌握不同时间背景下if虚拟语气的谓语形式。2. 通过本课的学习，可以初步掌握if虚拟条件句的根本用法。重点：掌握if条件句中虚拟语气的根本含义及用法，可以在语法填空和其他文本材料中识别和理解if虚拟条件句。难点：可以纯熟区分if条件句与if虚拟条件句在含义和用法上的不同。近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考察主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中屡次出现对虚拟语气的考察，考察难度不大。一、动词的语气：语气是一种动词形式，用来表示说话者对某一行为或事情的意图或态度。英语中的语气可以分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气

2、。1. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和感慨句中。2. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的恳求或命令、指示。3. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的假设、推测或主观愿望等。Aileen showed great concern about you. 艾琳很为你担忧。肯定My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. 我的腿软得简直不能站立。否认Would you care to come and stay with me over the weekend? 疑问你愿意来和我过周末吗？ En

3、joy yourselves with your trip. 旅途愉快。叮嘱Dont let this type of things happen again. 别让这种事再次发生。警告If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?假如你是个艺术家，你会画哪种图画？If you could have three of these paintings on the walls of your classroom, which would you choose?假如你可以拥有教室墙上这些图片当中的三幅，你会选择哪些？Hav

4、e you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?你是否曾经希望自己可以画得和专业艺术家一样好？I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come答案：D思路分析：根据but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.判断这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，所以主句应该用would have

5、done。答案选D。二、虚拟语气在条件句中的使用情况虚拟语气在条件句中共有三种情况：与如今的事实相反；与过去的事实相反；与将来的事实相反。与如今的事实相反的if虚拟条件句，其主从句谓语动词的形式如下：与如今事实相反的虚拟语气：虚拟时间从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与如今事实相反动词过去式be动词需用wereshould / would / could / might+动词原形If I were you，I would not be so proud.假如我是你，我不会如此自负。I dont have a cellphone. If I had one，it would be convenient f

6、or me to get in touch with others.我没有手机。假如我有的话，同别人联络就方便了。If I were you, I would study harder to make greater progress now.假如我是你，我如今就会更努力地学习去获得更大的进步。If I had time, I would study French. 假如我有时间的话，我会学习法语的。事实是没时间，学不了法语。If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 假如她懂英语的话，就不会向我求助了。 Maybe if I _ s

7、cience, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying答案：C思路分析：根据意思“假如那时我要是学了理科，而不是文科，我就能给你更多的帮助了。判断这是与过去事实相反的假设，所以用过去完成时。答案选C。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：与过去的事实相反的if虚拟条件句，其主从句谓语动词的形式如下：虚拟时间从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与过去事实相反had+过去分词should / would / could /

8、 might +have doneIf he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do.假如他理解事实，他就能告诉我们该怎样做。If I had been less cautious, I might have been more wise.假如我不那么慎重，我或许更明智。If he had received the present，he should have thanked her.假如他收到了礼物，他应当向她道谢了。If you had followed my advice, you would have passed t

9、he exam.假如你当时听从了我的建议，你就通过那次考试了。事实是没有听从建议，没有通过考试。If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow答案：C思路分析：根据“wouldnt have lost可判断，if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应选C项。与将来情况相反的虚拟语气：与将来情况相反的假设条件句，一般表示将来实现的可能性不大。此类与过去的可能性相反的if虚拟条件句，其主从句谓语动词的形式如下：虚拟时间从句谓

10、语动词主句谓语动词与将来事实相反动词过去式werewere to doshould+动词原形should / would / could / might +动词原形If you dropped the glass, it would break.杯子摔下来会打碎的。If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes. If I should go to the moon some day. If I went to the moon some day.要是有一天我上

11、了月球，我就能亲眼看到月球的外表是什么样子了。If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.假如明天下雨，会议就将被推延。If there should be a flood, what should we do?万一发生水灾，我们该怎么办？Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. A. has to g

12、et B. were to get C. had got D. could have got答案：B思路分析：句意为“Jean不想立即就工作，因为她认为假如得到一份工作她很可能就不可以经常见到她的朋友们了。经分析发现，if从句为与将来可能性相反的一种假设，故而从句中有三种选择，过去式、were to do和should do, 应选B。1. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 2.

13、 If it _ so hard，wed go to town.A. isnt raining B. werent rainingC. doesnt rain D. isnt going to rain3. What would you do if the war _.A. is broken out B. will break outC. were to break out D. would break out4. If I _ plan to do anything I want to, I would go to Tibet and travel through as much of i

14、t as possible.A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to5. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let you know. A. should call B. should have calledC. has called D. call答案：1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5.A思路分析：1. 前一句是陈述语气，说明动作发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句构造，应该用“had +过去分词，应选D项。2. 此题考察与如今事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去式。且be动词需要用were，只有B项符合。3. 在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟